共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 277 毫秒
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黄酮醇作为一类重要的类黄酮化合物,是广泛存在于植物体内与植物的营养及外观品质密切相关的一类重要的次生代谢产物。黄酮醇生物合成关键基因的表达模式及表达量是决定黄酮醇生物合成进程及含量的重要因素,因此了解植物黄酮醇类化合物生物合成关键基因的研究进展对于植物黄酮醇类化合物生物合成的有效调控具有重要意义。本文综述了植物黄酮醇生物合成途径上关键基因(PAL,C4H,4CL,CHS,FLS)的克隆、分布、特性及其对外源环境条件应答的最新研究进展,以期为植物黄酮醇的生物合成后续研究提供参考依据。 相似文献
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红曲霉可产生多种聚酮类次生代谢产物,主要包括红曲色素、莫那可林K和桔霉素.其中红曲色素广泛用于食品着色,莫那可林K用作降血脂的药物,而桔霉素则对脊椎动物包括人体有肾毒性.本文对这几类聚酮类次生代谢产物的生物合成途径、生物合成相关的聚酮合成酶等方面的研究进展进行了综述. 相似文献
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茉莉酸甲酯(Me JA)是环戊酮衍生物之一,茉莉酸甲酯作为植物体内一类信号物质,在植物的生长发育、应激反应和次生代谢过程中发挥类似激素的作用,对植物的生长发育和防御系统都具有一定影响。本论文通过对茉莉酸甲酯对采后果蔬品质控制中的应用进行综述。茉莉酸甲酯(Me JA)通过诱导果蔬产生并提高细胞壁水解酶(如几丁质酶、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶)和抗性物质合成酶(如苯丙氨酸解氨酶、过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶)的活性,从而增强果蔬对机械损伤和病原侵染的抗性。同时,茉莉酸甲酯还能能够诱导植物防御基因的表达,诱导果蔬产生一系列具有防御功能的次生代谢物质(如花青素等)来改善果蔬保鲜品质。 相似文献
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在植物生长过程中,为了适应周围环境,其自身就会形成基本的代谢过程,与此同时,形成不同类型的次生代谢产物是植物长期和生存环境相互作用的结果。其中,植物类黄酮能有效提升植物抵御外界恶劣条件,发挥其自身的特异性。本文系统化分析了植物类黄酮生物合成途径,并集中阐释了重要的基因调控机制,以供参考。 相似文献
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Tiffanny D Lyman Fredrick D Provenza Juan J Villalba 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》2008,88(5):824-831
BACKGROUND: A mixture of plant species adds biochemical diversity to pastures that may enhance productivity while decreasing reliance on herbicides and insecticides. All plants contain secondary metabolites (PSMs) that interact in plant communities in a variety of ways. Our objective was to determine if PSM diversity enhanced food intake when sheep were allowed to select from foods that varied in concentrations of tannins, saponins, and alkaloids. We hypothesized that intake of foods containing alkaloids would increase when sheep were offered supplemental foods with tannins and saponins. The alkaloid gramine is proteinaceous in nature, tannins bind to proteins in the gut, which enhances excretion of proteins, so we hypothesized tannins would bind to gramine and enhance its excretion from the body. The alkaloid ergotamine is steroidal, saponins have a high affinity for binding to lipid and steroidal compounds in the gut and then being excreted, so we hypothesized saponins would bind to ergotamine and enhance its excretion from the body. RESULTS: We found that sheep fed either gramine or ergotamine in combination with tannin‐ or saponin‐containing foods had higher intakes of food than sheep offered only foods with gramine or ergotamine. CONCLUSION: These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that animals can neutralize the negative effects of alkaloids by ingesting tannins and saponins. Our results show that PSMs can complement one another to increase a herbivore's intake of unpalatable plant species, with the potential to maintain healthy animals and bio‐diverse landscapes. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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为了研究贵定云雾茶本地种和引进种次生代谢产物差异,基于超高效液相色谱-四级杆串联飞行时间质谱(ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry, UPLC-QTOF-MS)对贵定云雾茶本地种和引进种的次生代谢产物进行了定性、定量分析。结果鉴定出361种代谢物。采用主成分分析(principal component analysis, PCA)和正交偏最小二乘判别分析(orthogonal least squares discriminant analysis, OPLS-DA)筛选出14种显著差异代谢物,包括4种黄酮醇类物质、4种酚酸类物质、3种黄酮糖苷类物质、2种儿茶素和1种原花青素B1。通路富集分析显示这些差异代谢物主要分布于苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸和色氨酸代谢途径(phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis)、黄酮和黄酮醇代谢途径(flavone and flavonol biosynthesis)以及类黄酮代谢途径中(flavonoid biosynthesis)。此外,儿茶素和原花青素B1在云雾茶本地种中含量较高,而黄酮醇和黄酮糖苷类物质在引进种中含量较高,这表明云雾茶本地种更适合绿茶的加工,而引进种更适合白茶的加工。 相似文献
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植物萜类化合物是以异戊二烯为结构单位的一大类植物天然的次生代谢产物。柠檬烯属于单萜类化合物,具有抑菌、增香、抗癌、止咳、平喘等多种功能,因此在食品、药品、化妆品、医疗等领域具有广泛的应用前景。目前柠檬烯的生产主要是从植物中提取,受到季节性原材料、产物分离纯化复杂、产率低等因素的限制,而化学合成又存在能耗高、污染严重等缺点。随着合成生物学技术的兴起,诞生了以微生物生物合成法生产柠檬烯的新方法,该方法具有能耗低、绿色环保、可持续等优势。然而微生物法合成柠檬烯也存在低产量、低效率等问题,这就限制了其商业化,因此构建高效的异源合成柠檬烯微生物细胞工厂,实现微生物发酵法替换传统的植物提取法,具有重要的经济与社会效益。本文主要回顾了近几年利用代谢工程改造酿酒酵母异源合成柠檬烯取得的成就,阐述了以酿酒酵母作为底盘微生物,利用代谢工程和合成生物学的手段构建高产柠檬烯的合成策略,还讨论了如何减轻柠檬烯对宿主细胞的毒性和提高宿主对柠檬烯的耐受性。 相似文献
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Niessen L 《International journal of food microbiology》2007,119(1-2):38-46
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M. DE NIJS H.P. VAN EGMOND F.M. ROMBOUTS S.H.W. NOTERMANS 《Journal of Food Safety》1997,17(3):161-191
Hazardous secondary metabolites produced by Fusarium molds were identified in the first step of a risk assessment procedure, the hazard identification. These mycotoxins are excreted, often simultaneously, by the fungus into plant tissue. A literature survey revealed the occurrence of 61 Fusarium species in agricultural produce (cereals, vegetables, fruits) of which 35 species were reported to produce a total of 137 secondary metabolites in laboratory experiments. This literature review shows that 41 (30%) of these secondary metabolites have been tested and found toxic in various assays and should be considered hazardous if present in food. Six of these were reported to be related to human intoxications. Four metabolites belonged to the trichothecenes (T-2 toxin, nivalenol, deoxynivalenol and acetyldeoxynivalenol), the others were zearalenone and fumonisin B1 . Twelve metabolites, including the previously mentioned six, were reported to have been tested in feeding trials using vertebrates. These twelve secondary metabolites should be regarded as most important and need to be evaluated in each risk assessment procedure for mycotoxins in food commodities . 相似文献
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目的 通过对对照组和白熟期外源施用氯吡脲处理组的成熟草莓果实进行转录组学分析,探讨外源喷施氯吡脲影响草莓果实成熟的调控机制。方法 利用高通量测序技术RNA-Seq,结合生物信息学方法,进行差异基因的筛选和其通路的功能富集分析。结果 草莓白熟期喷施氯吡脲,成熟果实中有1176个基因表达上调,2031个基因表达下调。差异基因的富集分析发现,植物-病原体相互作用、植物激素信号传导、淀粉和蔗糖代谢、内质网蛋白加工以及次级代谢物的生物合成等通路为差异基因主要富集的代谢途径。结论 植物激素信号转导、植物-病原体相互作用和次级代谢物的生物合成等通路受氯吡脲影响最为显著,其中植物激素信号转导通路是通过不同激素的共同调控来影响草莓的生长成熟。研究结果为氯吡脲影响草莓果实成熟调控基因的挖掘和深入研究奠定了基础。。 相似文献