西番莲果皮中果胶的复合酶法提取工艺研究

实验以西番莲果皮为原料,以酶解pH、酶解时间、酶解温度、酶浓度与液料比为单因素,分别研究了四种酶(纤维素酶、半纤维素酶、木质素酶、淀粉酶)对西番莲果皮中果胶提取的影响,并确定将纤维素酶、半纤维素酶与木质素酶三者进行复配,然后以酶解p H、酶解时间、酶解温度和液料比为因子进行四因素三水平正交实验,以优化复合酶酶解工艺,最后通过响应面实验,确定了复合酶的添加量。实验优选得复合酶最适配比和最适酶解提取条件为:将纤维素酶0.8 g/100 g、半纤维素酶1.2 g/100 g、木质素酶0.2 g/100 g进行复配,液料比为6∶1 m L/g,p H为4,提取温度40℃,提取3.5 h,此时西番莲果皮的果胶提取得率可以达到2.63%±0.021%。     

超声波联合果胶酸酶提取柚皮果胶的工艺研究

采用超声波对柚皮进行处理,然后加入复合酶提取果胶,可减少无机酸对环境的污染.红外光谱分析表明果胶中含有较多的糖类物质,不合蛋白.在单因素实验的基础上采用正交实验对实验结果进行优化,在超声波功率240W、超声频率24kHz、超声波处理时间20min、单次提取时间50min、缓冲液pH5.5、酶提取温度55℃、酶液用量0.9％的条件下,柚皮果胶的平均提取量为236.2mg/g,远高于相同工艺条件下常规水浴法提取的果胶提取量.     

酸酶联合法制备南瓜果胶的研究

以南瓜为原料,用稀酸进行预处理,再利用复合酶水解制备南瓜果胶,通过单因素和正交实验确定酸酶联合法制备南瓜果胶的最佳工艺。结果表明:酸预处理的最佳工艺条件为:酸解液p H 2.0,酸解温度90℃,酸解时间1.5h,液料比6.0m L/g;复合酶水解的最佳工艺条件为:复合酶总用量为90mg/100g,纤维素酶和半纤维素酶质量比为1.3∶1,酶解温度50℃,酶解p H 4.5,酶解时间2.0h。在该条件下,最终南瓜果胶提取率为0.86%。     

超声辅助酶法提取咖啡果皮果胶工艺的优化及其理化特性分析

为研究咖啡果皮中果胶的提取工艺和理化特性,以云南小粒咖啡果皮为原材料,在单因素实验的基础上采用响应面设计优化果胶的超声辅助酶法提取工艺,采用傅里叶红外光谱（Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy,FT-IR）检测粗果胶的官能团组成;通过AB-8大孔树脂、Sevage法脱色脱蛋白纯化粗果胶,并比较纯化前后果胶理化特性的差异。结果表明,最佳提取条件为：纤维素酶添加量1.49%,酶解时间45.78 min,超声时间19.30 min,得率为16.42%。FT-IR结果显示咖啡粗果胶含有典型的多糖结构。纯化后,果胶总糖含量增加了17.51%,多酚、蛋白质含量、酯化度和乙酰化度分别减少了72.41%、23.53%、77.43%和91.16%。与粗果胶相比,纯化可增加果胶持水性（20.05 g/g）、持油性（8.13 g/g）、乳化性（48.06%）和乳化稳定性（45.59%）,分别增加了470%、52.25%、26.31%和9.64%,但是降低了咖啡果胶的起泡性和泡沫稳定性。该研究为云南小粒咖啡果皮果胶的开发利用提供了试验基础。     

橘皮果胶生产工艺优化及品质分析

为充分利用农业废弃物柑橘皮,进一步提高皮中果胶的提取效率,在Placket-Burman试验的基础上,采用Box-Behnken中心组合设计对橘皮果胶复合酶提取工艺中的时间、温度和酶添加量3因素的最优化组合进行定量研究,建立并分析各因素与果胶得率关系的数学模型。结果表明：最佳的工艺条件为酶解时间5.1h、温度41℃、复合酶添加量0.46%。在此条件下经实验验证,果胶得率理论值12.35%,验证实测值12.22%,相对误差1.05%;说明回归模型能较好地预测橘皮中果胶的提取得率。经检测,产品果胶所有指标均达到或超过国家标准。     

沂州木瓜果胶提取工艺研究

本实验以沂州木瓜为原料,采用盐酸浸提、乙醇沉淀法进行果胶提取的工艺试验研究。单因素试验的研究结果表明,提取液pH值为2.0左右,提取液温度为80～90℃,提取的液料质量比在4左右,提取时间在1～1.5h时,果胶提取效果较好;在单因素试验的基础上,通过正交试验,优化果胶提取的工艺参数,得出了从沂州木瓜中提取果胶的最佳工艺条件为:提取液pH2.0,提取液温度90℃,液料质量比4,提取时间1h。     

超声波辅助复合酶提椪取柑皮果胶的工艺优化

对超声波辅助复合酶法提取椪柑皮果胶工艺进行了优化研究。分析了不同预处理方法对果胶得率的影响;在单因素实验的基础上,采用Box-Behnken Design响应面优化得到最佳工艺条件为料液比1∶20(g/mL)、超声波功率187.5W、超声时间65.3min、复合酶用量(m半纤维素酶∶m纤维素酶=1∶1)5.6mg、pH4.82、温度41.8℃。在此条件下验证果胶得率为11.93%,说明优化工艺大大提高了果胶得率;所建模型能够较好地预测果胶得率;与单纯酶法相比,该工艺处理时间缩短了4~5h。     

复合酶法提取红雪茶粗多糖工艺优化研究

为了获得复合酶法提取红雪茶粗多糖的最佳工艺,采用单因素实验和正交实验,研究了不同料液比、pH、酶解温度、提取时间和不同复合酶配比对红雪茶粗多糖提取率的影响;在此基础上采用L9(34)正交实验研究了各影响因素对红雪茶粗多糖提取率的影响,结果表明复合酶最佳配比为纤维素酶2.0%,果胶酶2.0%,木瓜蛋白酶0.5%;影响红雪茶粗多糖提取率的四个因素的主次顺序为:料液比>酶解温度>pH>酶解时间;最佳提取工艺条件是料液比1:40,pH4.5,酶解温度40℃,酶解时间80min,在此条件下红雪茶多糖提取率达8.91%。本研究确定了复合酶法提取红雪茶多糖的最佳工艺。     

响应面试验优化复合酶法提取碎米荠多糖工艺及其抗氧化活性

利用人工种植的碎米荠为原料,研究其粗多糖的提取工艺参数及抗氧化活性。首先对提取条件的单因素进行优化,在单因素试验基础上,进行提取条件的响应面优化。单因素优化条件为:质量分数2%复合酶(m(纤维素酶)∶m(果胶酶)=2∶1)、酶解时间90 min、酶解温度60℃、酶解pH 4.0。响应面优化结果为:酶解时间91.8 min、酶解温度57.1℃、酶解pH 4.17。在此条件下,碎米荠粗多糖提取率最高,粗多糖提取率预测值为4.14%,验证实验得到实际粗多糖的平均提取率为4.07%;与理论预测值相比,其相对误差约为1.62%。抗氧化活性研究结果显示,碎米荠多糖具有抗氧化活性,且效果优于VC。该实验结果为碎米荠多糖的提取以及多糖的性质研究提供理论依据。     

酶法协同超声波辅助酸法提取柚子皮中果胶工艺条件优化

在单因素实验基础上,运用Plackett-Burnman试验设计确定对果胶得率有显著影响的因子,进一步采用Box-Behnken试验设计优化了柚子皮中果胶的提取工艺。结果表明,酶法协同超声波辅助酸法提取柚子皮中果胶的最佳工艺为:酶用量1.7%、酶解时间70 min、料液比1:25 g/mL、提取液pH2.0、超声功率260 W、提取温度83℃,提取时间50 min,在此条件下柚子皮中果胶得率达27.01%±0.91%。故采用酶法协同超声波辅助酸法能有效地提高果胶得率。     

重组猕猴桃果胶甲酯酶抑制剂的抑制活性研究

猕猴桃的果胶甲酯酶抑制剂可有效抑制不同种类植物的果胶甲酯酶活性。主要研究在巴斯德毕赤酵母中成功表达的重组猕猴桃果胶甲酯酶抑制剂(被命名为kWPMEI)的抑制活性。通过研究发现,kWPMEI对桔子果胶甲酯酶的抑制活性最强,其次是胡萝卜,最弱的是番茄。同时kWPMEI对上述三种植物果胶甲酯酶的抑制活性受环境温度和pH的影响比较显著。     

黑曲霉YY-22产酸性果胶酶的分离纯化

本文研究了从黑曲霉YY-22发酵产酸性果胶酶粗酶液中分离出较高纯度果胶裂解酶(PL)、聚半乳糖醛酸酶(PG)、果胶酯酶(PE)的方法,同时考察了主要组分PL在各分离阶段的纯化效果。依次采用硫酸铵盐析、疏水相互作用层析及离子交换层析对果胶酶PG、PE、PL进行分离。结果表明:果胶酶粗酶液中硫酸铵饱和浓度为65%时,沉淀中PL回收率最大,部分杂蛋白在盐析过程中被分离出来;沉淀复溶后经Phenyl-Sepharose FF疏水相互作用层析首先分离出PE活性组分,又经Q-Sepharose HP强阴离子交换层析分别得到PG和PL活性组分。果胶酶粗酶液中主要组分PL经三步纯化后的比活力达到79.37 U/mg蛋白,纯化倍数为13.30,活力回收为33.05%。较高纯度PL、PG、PE的获得,为进一步研究酶的基本性质及其在果蔬加工和葡萄酒中的应用奠定基础。     

酰胺化果胶的特性、应用及生产和研究状况

对果胶类型做了概括介绍,将酰胺化果胶与普通低酯果胶以及高酯果胶进行多方面的比较,突出酰胺化果胶的特性。结合国内外对酰胺化果胶生产的研究现状,以及其在食品工业和医疗方面的应用现状,对酰胺化果胶生产的发展前景进行了分析。     

Textural properties of gelling system of low-methoxy pectins produced by demethoxylating reaction of pectin methyl esterase

ABSTRACT:  After deesterification of commercial pectins with a pectin methyl esterase (PME), their gelling properties were characterized using instrumental texture analysis. The final degree of esterification (DE) of the high- and low-methoxy pectins reached approximately 6% after the PME treatment, while deesterification of low-methoxy amidated pectin stopped at 18% DE. Furthermore, DE of high-methoxy pectin was tailored to be 40%, which is equivalent to the DE of commercial low-methoxy pectin. As a result, significant changes in molecular weight (Mw) distribution were observed in the PME-treated pectins. The texture profile analysis showed that PME modification drastically increased hardness, gumminess, and chewiness, while decreasing cohesiveness and adhesiveness of the pectin gels ( P < 0.05). The pectin gel with relatively high peak molecular weight (Mp, 3.5 × 10⁵) and low DE (6), which was produced from high-methoxy pectin, exhibited the greatest hardness, gumminess, chewiness, and resilience. The hardness of low-methoxy amidated pectin increased over 300% after PME deesterification, suggesting that the effects of amide substitution could be reinforced when DE is even lower. The partial least square regression analysis indicated that the Mw and DE of the pectin molecule are the most crucial factors for hardness, chewiness, gumminess, and resilience of gel matrix.     

Butternut and beetroot pectins: Characterization and functional properties

The physicochemical characteristics and functional properties of butternut (Cucumis moschata Duch. ex Poiret) and beetroot (Beta vulgaris L. var. conditiva) pectins obtained by enzymatic extraction from by-products of vegetable processing have been evaluated. The molecular mass distribution was determined using Gel Permeation Chromatography using light scattering, refractive index and UV detectors and the samples were found to be highly heterogeneous and polydisperse. M_w values of 136,000 and 1,309,000 g/mol were determined for butternut and beetroot pectins respectively. Butternut pectin had a high degree of methyl esterification. In the presence of high concentrations of sugar and at low pH, this pectin did not form gels but instead produced viscous solutions. Solutions showed pseudoplastic flow behaviour with a shear thinning index of 0.68 as determined from the Power law model. Beetroot pectin had a low degree of methyl esterification and formed gels with addition of Ca²⁺ at concentrations of 10 mg/g pectin or higher. The maximum value of the storage modulus was obtained at a Ca²⁺/GalA ratio of 0.25. The thermal stability of gels suggested that hydrogen bond interactions prevailed in the absence of Ca²⁺, whereas electrostatic junction zones increasingly developed between pectin chains as the calcium concentration increased. Aqueous solutions of butternut and beetroot pectins significantly reduced surface tension and both samples were able to form stable oil-in-water emulsions. It was found that protein and/or polyphenol – rich fractions present in the pectins adsorbed at the oil–water interface and were responsible for the emulsification properties.     

苹果果胶研究进展

苹果(Malus pumila Mill.)是我国北方广泛种植的经济作物。近年来,很多学者从苹果渣中提取分离得到苹果果胶。现代医学和生物学研究表明,苹果果胶具有抗氧化、降血脂、抗菌及抗癌的功效。本文介绍了苹果果胶的结构、组分分级与特性研究,着重阐述了目前国内外对于苹果果胶的提取、分离的最新进展及其生物活性,讨论了目前研究中存在的问题,并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

酰胺化果胶的特性、应用及研究现状

本文将酰胺化果胶与普通低酯果胶以及高酯果胶进行了多方面的比较，重点介绍酰胺化果胶的特性。结合国内外对酰胺化果胶生产和研究的状况，及其在食品工业和医疗方面的应用现状，对酰胺化果胶生产的开发前景进行了分析。     

ACEROLA's CLONES OF INDUSTRIAL INTEREST

In order to know which clone of acerola is better for acerola industrialization, we studied the pectin methylesterase (PME) specific activity, pectin content and vitamin C content in five different clones of acerola. The pectin yield varied from 1.37 to 2.99% and the highest content of pectin occurred in clones 3 and 5. Ascorbic acid varied significantly from 1157.5 to 1735.5 mg/100 g of pulp in the five clones. The highest content of vitamin C occurred in clone 4. The PME specific activity varied from 0.79 to 2.92 units g ^?1 /g of pulp and the highest values occurred in clone 2. We also studied the optimum temperature and the optimum pH of this enzyme. Clones 1, 2, 4 and 5 showed optimum temperature at 90C. Clone 3 showed practically the same specific activity at all temperatures studied. Clones 1 and 4 showed an optimum pH of 9.0 and clone numbers 2, 3 and 5 showed a pH optimum at 8.5.     

新型营养保健果胶软糖的研制

本文阐述了在制作果胶软糖的过程中加入DHA、VA、VD及天然果汁,制成一种新型功能保健糖果。     

改性苹果果胶性质及抗氧化活性

以苹果果胶为原料,采用酸碱修饰和高压蒸汽法2种方法分别制备酸碱改性和热改性苹果果胶,并在分析苹果果胶改性前后理化性质的基础上,进一步研究了其体外抗氧化活性。结果表明:酸碱改性和热改性后的苹果果胶与未改性果胶相比:半乳糖醛酸含量由(683.92±4.51)mg/g分别增加到(910.61±1.08)mg/g和(780.19±5.68)mg/g,酯化度由(77.26±1.20)%分别降低到(35.48±1.90)%和(33.67±1.28)%。改性后果胶分子质量降低,多酚和蛋白质含量均较低(分别小于3 mg/g和7 mg/g)。改性前后苹果果胶的1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基清除率、羟自由基清除率、2,2’-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐自由基清除率和超氧阴离子自由基清除率均随果胶质量浓度的增大而增强,而且酸碱改性更有助于其抗氧化活性的提高,这可能与其半乳糖醛酸含量增加有关。