乳源血管紧张素转移酶抑制肽在乳酸乳球菌中的表达

在乳酸乳球菌中表达乳源血管紧张素转移酶抑制肽。选取了4种不同的来源于牛酪蛋白的血管紧张素转移酶(ACE)抑制肽,为了确保能够在人体消化液作用下正常发挥它们的ACE抑制活性,4种短肽以串联多肽(TP)的形式进行表达,并在各短肽单体间引入了人体内主要消化酶的酶切位点。根据TP的氨基酸序列和乳酸乳球菌的偏爱密码子,人工合成TP基因。然后将TP基因和绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)基因串联于载体pSEC-E7,从而构建了pSEC-TP:GFP质粒,实现了2种蛋白在乳酸乳球菌中的共表达。经电击转化,将该重组质粒转入乳酸乳球菌NZ9000中,获得重组菌株NZ9000(pSEC-TP:GFP)。用Nisin诱导TP:GFP蛋白表达。RT-PCR、激光共聚焦扫描显微镜和SDS-PAGE鉴定表达产物。RT-PCR结果表明,TP:GFP蛋白在RNA水平表达成功;SDS-PAGE表明目标产物是35 ku的条带。在乳酸乳球菌中实现了乳源血管紧张素转移酶抑制肽的表达。     

植物乳杆菌细菌素基因plnEF的克隆与异源表达

目的:构建目的基因plnEF原核表达系统,诱导工程菌BL21-p ET28a-PL-plnEF表达目的融合蛋白并纯化,以期获得大量纯度较高的植物乳杆菌PlnEF细菌素,开发新的食品防腐剂。方法:构建含plnEF基因的重组质粒,将其转入大肠杆菌BL21中,经过IPTG诱导大量表达目标蛋白,融合蛋白PlnEF经纯化后进行分子量大小、抑菌活性等的检测。结果:重组质粒pET28a-PL-plnEF在大肠杆菌BL21中成功表达,合成PlnEF蛋白,其分子量为15.6 k Da,且该融合蛋白对大肠杆菌JM109具有良好的抑菌活性。结论:plnEF基因片段能够在原核细胞中正确表达且具有活性,本文为进一步研究开发该细菌素作为生物防腐剂奠定了基础。     

绿色荧光蛋白的原核表达、纯化与荧光分析

将绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）基因插入到pET30（a）＋构建pET30-GFP表达载体，将重组载体导入大肠杆菌BL-21中，经IPTG诱导产生His—GFP融合蛋白，融合蛋白主要存在于可溶性上清中。用镍柱亲合纯化His—GFP，分子量大约为32．4kD，与预期值相符。荧光分析表明，His—GFP与野生型GFP荧光激发及发射波长基本相同，荧光性质稳定，比常用的荧光素（FITC）具有更强的抗荧光淬灭能力。通过此方法制备的绿色荧光蛋白可用于食用色素的开发等。     

基于CRISPR/Cas9系统对乳酸乳球菌进行绿色荧光蛋白标记

乳酸乳球菌是治疗剂在体内运送的良好载体,研究其在体内的真实运送情况需对其进行标记。该实验利用CRISPR/Cas9系统对乳酸乳球菌(Lactococcus lactis)NZ9000进行增强型绿色荧光蛋白(enhanced green fluorescent protein, eGFP)标记,用于研究乳酸乳球菌在体内的运送,评价其作为益生菌的功能。基于该实验室已构建的乳酸乳球菌CRISPR/Cas9编辑质粒pLL25构建重组质粒pYSH,其上携带eGFP及同源臂,电转入乳酸乳球菌NZ9000感受态细胞中,将基因组中的乳酸脱氢酶基因(ldh)替换为绿色荧光蛋白基因,从而使Lactococcus lactis NZ9000获得标记,表达绿色荧光蛋白。对绿色荧光标记的Lactococcus lactis NZ9000突变株,酶标仪定量分析eGFP的表达强度。荧光强度定量分析结果表明,在乳酸乳球菌不同生长阶段,eGFP基因均能稳定表达。     

基于CRISPR/Cas9系统对乳酸乳球菌进行绿色荧光蛋白标记

乳酸乳球菌是治疗剂在体内运送的良好载体,研究其在体内的真实运送情况需对其进行标记。该实验利用CRISPR/Cas9系统对乳酸乳球菌(Lactococcus lactis)NZ9000进行增强型绿色荧光蛋白(enhanced green fluorescent protein, eGFP)标记,用于研究乳酸乳球菌在体内的运送,评价其作为益生菌的功能。基于该实验室已构建的乳酸乳球菌CRISPR/Cas9编辑质粒pLL25构建重组质粒pYSH,其上携带eGFP及同源臂,电转入乳酸乳球菌NZ9000感受态细胞中,将基因组中的乳酸脱氢酶基因(ldh)替换为绿色荧光蛋白基因,从而使Lactococcus lactis NZ9000获得标记,表达绿色荧光蛋白。对绿色荧光标记的Lactococcus lactis NZ9000突变株,酶标仪定量分析eGFP的表达强度。荧光强度定量分析结果表明,在乳酸乳球菌不同生长阶段,eGFP基因均能稳定表达。     

TGEV和PEDV融合S蛋白在乳酸乳球菌食品级细胞壁锚定高效诱导表达与免疫原性分析

近年来猪传染性胃肠炎和猪流行性腹泻在我国广泛流行,给养殖业带来了巨大的经济损失。目前对此两种疾病的防治手段还停留在使用常规疫苗。现有的疫苗免疫效果不够理想,急需寻求一种安全高效的防治手段。本文首先构建了猪传染性胃肠炎病毒(TGEV)和猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)融合S基因,以乳酸乳球菌食品级细胞壁锚定高效诱导表达载体p RNV48为基础,构建了TGEV和PEDV融合S基因的表达质粒p RNV48-TPs。将得到的重组质粒用电穿孔方法转入乳酸乳球菌NZ9000感受态细胞中,获得了重组菌乳酸乳球菌Z9000/p RNV48-TPs。再利用nisin对重组菌进行诱导,提取细胞壁蛋白后采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)分析目的蛋白的表达情况,然后分别对兔子进行注射免疫和口服免疫,并用Western Blot分析。通过乳酸乳球菌食品级细胞壁锚定高效诱导表达载体,诱导表达TGEV与PEDV融合S蛋白产生中和抗体,以期探讨口服疫苗的免疫反应机理,为由TGEV与PEDV研发的安全、高效的疫苗奠定良好的基础。     

细胞穿膜肽TAT与小鼠干细胞转录因子Oct4融合表达及纯化

将TAT-Oct4目的基因插入pET28a表达载体,构建重组表达质粒pET28a-TAT-Oct4,形成大肠杆菌重组表达体系。融合蛋白TAT-Oct4在大肠杆菌中主要以包涵体形式表达,表达产物经纯化后,纯度可达90%以上。通过尿素梯度透析复性,TAT-Oct4平均复性收率为8.8%。细胞免疫荧光技术分析表明,TAT-Oct4融合蛋白可穿透近100%细胞的细胞膜,其进膜后主要分布于细胞核内。建立了具有活性的TAT-Oct4融合蛋白生物制备方法,为细胞重编程提供了一种有效的研究材料,并可为其他用于细胞重编程的干细胞转录因子设计提供实用的方法学。     

乳酸片球菌素PA-1在大肠杆菌中的表达与纯化

为了实现该细菌素的外源表达,本实验首先利用聚合酶链式反应从乳酸片球菌PAF中扩增出乳酸片球菌素PA-1的结构和免疫基因,然后克隆到表达载体pGEX-6p-1,构建了N端含有GST-His-DDDDK标签的重组质粒pGEX/his-pedAB,然后转化进入大肠杆菌Rosetta（DE3）感受态细胞,经异丙基硫代半乳糖苷诱导,重组乳酸片球菌素PA-1在大肠杆菌胞内成功表达。表达的融合蛋白先经过镍亲合层析柱纯化,然后注入谷胱甘肽S-转移酶亲和色谱柱用肠激酶处理,释放出成熟的乳酸片球菌素PA-1。利用高效液相色谱和质谱技术检测乳酸片球菌素PA-1纯度。以单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌CMCC54004为指示菌,利用琼脂扩散法检验乳酸片球菌素PA-1活性。结果表明,携带GST-His-DDDDK标签的融合蛋白无活性,标签切除后其抑菌活性恢复,且其纯度达90%以上。     

中性蛋白酶基因在大肠杆菌中诱导表达条件的研究

采用PCR方法从枯草芽孢杆菌中扩增得到中性蛋白酶基因npr,与表达载体pET-22b(+)连接构建成重组质粒pET22b-npr,转化大肠杆菌BL21得到重组工程菌株。经IPTG诱导,其所含有的中性蛋白酶基因可高效表达。研究不同的表达条件对中性蛋白酶表达水平的影响,发现当培养液的OD_(600)值达到0.6～0.8时,添加诱导剂IPTG至终浓度为0.8 mmol/L,28℃诱导7h,重组工程菌中性蛋白酶的表达量最高,SDS-PAGE电泳结果显示出明显的分子质量约43 ku的特异性蛋白条带。     

一种新型食品级表达载体pLEB590表达小鼠mCu/ZnSOD的初步研究

采用RT-PCR技术从小鼠肝脏总RNA扩增0.46kb的小鼠铜锌超氧化物歧化酶基因的cDNA序列,首先T-A克隆至大肠杆菌表达质粒pUC19,进行序列测定。再将mCu/ZnSOD cDNA亚克隆至以nisⅠ为食品级选择标记的乳酸乳球菌表达载体pLEB590中,用电穿孔法将重组质粒pLEB590-mCu/ZnSOD转化到乳酸乳球菌MG1614中,经SDS-PAGE和Westernblotting检测,获得了mCu/ZnSOD的组成型表达,并通过SOD酶活测定表明该重组菌表达的mCu/ZnSOD具有较好的生物活性。     

Short communication: Muscle protein synthetic response to microparticulated whey protein in middle-aged men

Whey protein concentrate (WPC) is a high-quality dairy ingredient that is often included in formulated food products designed to stimulate muscle anabolism. Whey protein concentrate can be affected by UHT processing, and its sensory properties are not compatible with some formulated food products. Microparticulated WPC (mWPC) is a novel ingredient that is resistant to heat treatment and has enhanced sensory properties. When 16 healthy middle-aged men consumed 20 g of either WPC or mWPC, both proteins increased plasma essential AA and leucine concentrations with no detectable difference in curve kinetics. Myofibrillar protein synthesis was increased in both groups for 90 min after ingestion with no difference between groups. Ingestion of mWPC resulted in a muscle anabolic response that was equivalent to that of WPC over the full 210-min measurement period. Formulated products incorporating mWPC or standard WPC would provoke equivalent anabolic responses.     

大豆蛋白溶解性研究

该文概述大豆蛋白溶解特性及其与一般物质溶解差异,介绍提高大豆蛋白溶解性改性方法及研究现状,对比不同改性增溶方法优、缺点,并提出今后大豆蛋白改性研究方向。     

Co-precipitation of whey and pea protein – indication of interactions

The aim was to optimise the yield of co-precipitation of whey protein isolate (WPI) and pea protein isolate (PPI) and compare co-precipitates and protein blends with respect to solubility. The yield of co-precipitates was tested with different protein ratios of WPI and PPI in combination with different temperatures and acid precipitation (pH 4.6). The highest precipitation yield was obtained at protein ratios WPI < PPI, high temperature and alkaline protein solvation. The solubility was measured by an instability index and absorption spectroscopy of re-suspended precipitated proteins at pH 3, 7 and 11.5. Co-precipitates had significantly lower solubility than protein blends. Protein ratios WPI > PPI, low precipitation temperature and high pH showed the highest solubility. Differences in protein composition between co-precipitates and protein blends were observed with SDS-PAGE and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation time-of-flight, and indicated different protein–protein interaction in samples, which needs further investigations.     

细菌中蛋白质样品制备方法研究进展

细菌在生长繁殖时,细菌蛋白的表达受到环境影响而存在较大差异,使得细菌蛋白表达具有复杂性.在食品生产加工过程中可能会受到致病菌污染,细菌产生的内毒素和外毒素均会对人体健康构成威胁,因此需要高灵敏度和高特异性的检测方法来定量分析和鉴定食品中的细菌毒素.蛋白组学方法可以揭示细菌蛋白组成及其潜在的生物学功能,感染过程中菌体蛋白...     

酶制剂在蛋白质加工行业的应用

蛋白质的加工是食品行业中发展最快的领域之一，蛋白质加工的主要用酶是蛋白质水解酶，以蛋白质加工和研究的几个热点领域，如大豆分离蛋白、米蛋白、谷朊蛋白等为例，对酶制剂在蛋白质加工中的应用进展情况进行了回顾并对未来发展进行了展望。     

The structures and functions of ice crystal-controlling proteins from bacteria

Many organisms have evolved into unique mechanisms which minimize freezing injury due to extracellular ice formation. Specifically, certain bacteria have produced a few proteins each with different functions. For example, the ice nucleation protein acts as a template for ice formation, which is responsible for imparting ice nucleating activity. The anti-nucleating protein inhibits the fluctuation of ice nucleus formation by a foreign particle in the water drop. Also, the antifreeze proteins depress the freezing temperature, modify or suppress ice crystal growth, inhibit ice recrystallization, and protect the cell membrane from cold-induced damage. In this article, a review on the current knowledge of the structure and the function of these three types of proteins, which are capable of interacting with ice itself or its nuclei from bacteria.     

大豆蛋白生产与应用现状

该文综述大豆蛋白制品—大豆蛋白粉、大豆分离蛋白、大豆浓缩蛋白、大豆组织蛋白生产现状、存在问题及大豆蛋白在面制品、肉制品、乳制品、饮料制品等中应用现状。     

Effects of silage protein degradability and fermentation acids on metabolizable protein concentration: A meta-analysis of dairy cow production experiments

A meta-analysis was conducted using data from dairy cow production studies to evaluate silage metabolizable protein (MP) concentrations. The data consisted of 397 treatment means in 130 comparisons, in which the effects of silage factors (e.g., date of harvest, wilting, silage additives) were investigated. Within a comparison, a fixed amount of the same concentrate was fed. A prerequisite of data to be included in the analysis was that silage dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ammonia N, lactic acid (LA), and total acid (TA) concentrations and digestibility were determined. A smaller data set (n = 248) comprised studies in which silage water-soluble N concentration was also analyzed. The supply of MP was estimated as amino acids absorbed from the small intestine using a model with constant values for ruminal effective protein degradability (EPD) and intestinal digestibility of rumen undegraded protein. Microbial protein was calculated on the basis of digestible carbohydrates and rumen degradable protein (RDP). Alternative models were used to estimate microbial protein formation, assuming the energy values of RDP and TA to be equivalent to 1.00, 0.75, 0.50, 0.25, and 0 times that of digestible carbohydrates. Because EPD values are seldom determined in production trials, they were derived using empirical models that estimate them from other feed components. The goodness of fit of models was compared on the basis of root mean squared error (RMSE) of milk protein yield (MPY) predicted from MP supply (adjusted for random study effect) and Akaike's information criterion. Metabolizable protein supply calculated from basal assumptions predicted MPY precisely within a study (RMSE = 16.2 g/d). Variable contribution of RDP to the energy supply for microbial synthesis influenced the precision of MPY prediction very little, but RMSE for MPY increased markedly when the energy supply of rumen microbes was corrected for TA concentration. Using predicted rather than constant EPD values also increased RMSE of MPY prediction. These observations do not mean that the supply of MP from undegraded feed protein is constant. However, it suggests that our current methods overestimate the range in EPD values and that the techniques have so many inherent technical problems that they can mask the true differences between the feeds. Including new elements in feed protein evaluation models may not improve the precision of production response predictions unless the consequent effects on the supply of other nutrients are taken into account.     

大豆分离蛋白改性对其功能性质影响

大豆分离蛋白是大豆蛋白最为精制形式,广泛应用于食品工业,并在不同产品中表现出不同功能。该文综述近年来大豆分离蛋白物理、化学、酶法及基因工程改性对其功能性质影响,经不同方式改性可产生合适功能性质,从而拓宽大豆分离蛋白在食品工业中应用。