退火对Ge掺杂SiO2薄膜的影响

用等离子体增强化学气相淀积制备了Ge掺杂SiO2薄膜,并对薄膜进行了不同温度的退火处理。采用棱镜耦合仪、原子力显微镜和傅里叶变换红外光谱分析技术研究了不同退火温度对Ge掺杂SiO2薄膜性质的影响。通过1 100℃退火处理后,正的折射率变化量和负的体积变化量随着GeH4流量增加而增大,Ge-O-Ge键增多;而通过900℃退火处理后,折射率没有随着GeH4流量增加而增大;薄膜的表面粗糙度随着退火温度升高而降低。研究结果表明,SiO2薄膜中Ge掺杂过量,其折射率反常下降;通过1 100℃退火处理后,折射率随着GeH4流量增加而增大,折射率的增大主要是由于薄膜密实化和Ge-O-Ge键的形成。     

Ni诱导非晶SiGe薄膜结晶

采用Ni诱导结晶的方法在氧化硅衬底上制备多晶SiGe薄膜.通过X射线衍射(XRD)、俄歇电子深度分布谱(AES)等测试方法对获得的多晶SiGe薄膜特性进行了表征,并对退火气氛中氧的存在对非晶SiGe结晶的影响进行了研究.研究表明Ni的参与可以显著降低非晶SiGe薄膜的结晶时间以及结晶温度;退火气氛中氧的存在对非晶SiGe结晶有明显阻碍作用;采用先在高纯N2(99.99%)气氛下快速热退火(RTA)预处理,再在普通退火炉中长时间退火的方法可以明显改善非晶SiGe薄膜的结晶情况     

Ni诱导非晶SiGe薄膜结晶

采用Ni诱导结晶的方法在氧化硅衬底上制备多晶SiGe薄膜.通过X射线衍射(XRD)、俄歇电子深度分布谱(AES)等测试方法对获得的多晶SiGe薄膜特性进行了表征,并对退火气氛中氧的存在对非晶SiGe结晶的影响进行了研究.研究表明Ni的参与可以显著降低非晶SiGe薄膜的结晶时间以及结晶温度;退火气氛中氧的存在对非晶SiGe结晶有明显阻碍作用;采用先在高纯N2(99.99%)气氛下快速热退火(RTA)预处理,再在普通退火炉中长时间退火的方法可以明显改善非晶SiGe薄膜的结晶情况.     

H2对UHV/CVD低温选择性外延生长Si1-xGex的影响

利用超高真空化学气相沉积(UHV/CVD)成功实现了Si1-xGex的低温选择性外延生长,并研究了H2对选择性外延生长的影响及其作用机理.以SiH4和GeH4为反应气源,在开有6mm×6mm窗口氧化硅片上进行Si1-xGex外延层的生长.首先分别以不含H2(纯GeH4)和含H2(90%H2稀释的GeH4)的两种Ge源进行选择性外延生长.通过SEM观察两种情况下氧化硅片表面,发现H2的存在对选择性外延生长有至关重要的作用.接着以90%H2稀释的GeH4为Ge源,变化Si源和Ge源的流量比改变H2分压,以获得SiH4和GeH4(90%H2)的最佳流量比,使外延生长的选择性达到最好.利用SEM观察在不同流量比时,经40min外延生长后各样品的表面形貌,并对其进行比较,分析了H2分压在Si1-xGex选择性外延生长中的作用机理.     

H2对UHV/CVD低温选择性外延生长Si1-xGex的影响

利用超高真空化学气相沉积(UHV/CVD)成功实现了Si1-xGex的低温选择性外延生长,并研究了H2对选择性外延生长的影响及其作用机理.以SiH4和GeH4为反应气源,在开有6mm×6mm窗口氧化硅片上进行Si1-xGex外延层的生长.首先分别以不含H2(纯GeH4)和含H2(90%H2稀释的GeH4)的两种Ge源进行选择性外延生长.通过SEM观察两种情况下氧化硅片表面,发现H2的存在对选择性外延生长有至关重要的作用.接着以90%H2稀释的GeH4为Ge源,变化Si源和Ge源的流量比改变H2分压,以获得SiH4和GeH4(90%H2)的最佳流量比,使外延生长的选择性达到最好.利用SEM观察在不同流量比时,经40min外延生长后各样品的表面形貌,并对其进行比较,分析了H2分压在Si1-xGex选择性外延生长中的作用机理.     

HV/CVD系统Si、SiGe低温掺杂外延

研究了硼烷 (B2 H6 )掺杂锗硅外延和磷烷 (PH3)掺杂硅外延的外延速率和掺杂浓度与掺杂气体流量的关系 .B浓度与 B2 H6 流量基本上成正比例关系 ;生长了 B浓度直至 10 1 9cm- 3的多层阶梯结构 ,各层掺杂浓度均匀 ,过渡区约 2 0 nm,在整个外延层 ,Ge组分 (x=0 .2 0 )均匀而稳定 .PH3掺杂外延速率随 PH3流量增加而逐渐下降 ;P浓度在 PH3流量约为 1.7sccm时达到了峰值 (约 6× 10 1 8cm- 3) .分别按 PH3流量递增和递减的顺序生长了多层结构用以研究 PH3掺杂 Si外延的特殊性质     

H2对UHV/CVD低温选择性外延生长Si1-xGex的影响

利用超高真空化学气相沉积(UHV/CVD)成功实现了Si_1-xGe_x的低温选择性外延生长,并研究了H2对选择性外延生长的影响及其作用机理. 以SiH4和GeH4为反应气源,在开有6mm×6mm窗口氧化硅片上进行Si_1-xGe_x外延层的生长.首先分别以不含H2(纯GeH4)和含H2(90% H2稀释的GeH4)的两种Ge源进行选择性外延生长.通过SEM观察两种情况下氧化硅片表面,发现H2的存在对选择性外延生长有至关重要的作用.接着以90% H2稀释的GeH4为Ge源,变化Si源和Ge源的流量比改变H2分压,以获得SiH4和GeH4 (90% H2）的最佳流量比，使外延生长的选择性达到最好. 利用SEM观察在不同流量比时，经40min外延生长后各样品的表面形貌，并对其进行比较，分析了H2分压在Si_1-xGe_x选择性外延生长中的作用机理.     

快速热退火对电子束蒸镀的ITO膜光电特性影响

用真空电子束蒸镀的方法制备半导体发光二极管LED所用的ITO膜,然后在N2气环境中进行快速热退火(RTA)处理,对ITO膜的各项特性进行测试分析.结果表明,ITO的电阻率并不随RTA温度上升单调下降,而是在达到一个峰值后下降,在不超过240 s时间内,ITO电阻率随RTA时间的增加而单调降低,霍尔测试结果表明影响电阻率的主要原因是载流子的迁移率.RTA处理对ITO膜的光透过率有一定的改善作用,并且使膜的折射率上升.     

HV/CVD系统Si、SiGe低温掺杂外延

研究了硼烷（B2H6）掺杂锗硅外延和磷烷（PH3）掺杂硅外延的外延速率和掺杂浓度与掺杂气体流量的关系．B浓度与B2H6流量基本上成正比例关系;生长了B浓度直至1019cm-3的多层阶梯结构,各层掺杂浓度均匀,过渡区约20nm,在整个外延层,Ge组分（x=0.20）均匀而稳定．PH3掺杂外延速率随PH3流量增加而逐渐下降;P浓度在PH3流量约为1.7sccm时达到了峰值（约6×1018cm-3）．分别按PH3流量递增和递减的顺序生长了多层结构用以研究PH3掺杂Si外延的特殊性质．     

用MOCVD方法生长二氧化钛膜的研究

二氧化钛用MOCVD方法生长于硅衬底上，膜厚在0．1～1μm之间．本文考察了温度对生长速率的影响，其中生长速率与衬底温度和有机源的温度都成指数关系，并通过作图求出钛源的活化能Ea＝1．05eV．TEM测试结果表明，生成的二氧化钛是多晶膜，为锐钛矿结构．将样品作XPS分析，测试出Ti3+随氧气流量的增加而减少，进一步研究表明，二氧化钛是n型半导体，它的电阻率随钛三价离子的减少而增大．     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Nanoimprint Lithography -A Next Generation High Volume Lithography Technique

IntroductionNanoimprint Lithography is a well-acknowl-edged low cost, high resolution, large area pattern-ing process. It includes the most promising methods,high-pressure hot embossing lithography (HEL) [2],UV-cured imprinting (UV-NIL) [3] and micro contactprinting (m-CP, MCP) [4]. Curing of the imprintedstructures is either done by subsequent UV-lightexposure in the case of UV-NIL or by cooling downbelow the glass transition temperature of the ther-moplastic material in case of HEL…     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

Influence of PVK ： NPB hole transporting layer on the characteristics of organic light-emitting devices

A doping system consisting of NPB and PVK is employed as a composite hole transporting layer （CHTL）. By adjusting the component ratio of the doping system, a series of devices with different concentration proportion of PVK ： NPB are constracted. The result shows that doping concentration of NPB enhances the competence of hole transporting ability, and modifies the recombination region of charge as well as affects the surface morphology of doped film. Optimum device with a maximum brightness of 7852 cd/m^2 and a power efficiency of 1.75 lm/W has been obtained by choosing a concentration proportion of PVK ： NPB at 1：3.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.     

Analysis of error performance on Turbo coded FDPIM

Due to variable symbol length of digital pulse interval modulation（DPIM）, it is difficult to analyze the error performances of Turbo coded DPIM. To solve this problem, a fixed-length digital pulse interval modulation（FDPIM） method is provided. The FDPIM modulation structure is introduced. The packet error rates of uncoded FDPIM are analyzed and compared with that of DPIM. Bit error rates of Turbo coded FDPIM are simulated based on three kinds of analytical models under weak turbulence channel. The results show that packet error rate of uncoded FDPIM is inferior to that of uncoded DPIM. However, FDPIM is easy to be implemented and easy to be combined, with Turbo code for soft-decision because of its fixed length. Besides, the introduction of Turbo code in this modulation can decrease the average power about 10 dBm, which means that it can improve the error performance of the system effectively.     

A method for calculating the center position of collimated light

It is a key problem to accurately calculate beam spots＇ center of measuring the warp by using a collimated laser. A new method, named double geometrical center method （DGCM）, is put forward for the first time. In this method, a plane wave perpendicularly irradiates an aperture stop, and a charge couple device （CCD） is employed to receive the diffraction-beam spots, then the geometrical centers of the fast and the second diffraction-beam spots are calculated respectively, and their mean value is regarded as the center of datum beam. In face of such adverse instances as laser intension distributing defectively, part of the image being saturated, this method can still work well. What＇s more, this method can detect whether an unacceptable error exits in the courses of image receiving, processing and calculating. The experimental results indicate the precision of this method is high.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.