桑叶化学成分的研究

目的研究中药桑叶的化学成分。方法用石油醚提取桑叶乙醇提取物,石油醚部分用柱色谱、薄层色谱等方法分离,用光谱学方法分析化合物的结构。结果分离并鉴定了8个化合物,分别是β-谷甾醇(Ⅰ),大黄素甲醚(Ⅱ),三十四烷酸(Ⅲ),三十四醇(Ⅳ),豆甾醇(Ⅴ),羽扇豆醇(Ⅵ),硬脂酸(Ⅶ),胡萝卜苷(Ⅷ)。结论化合物Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅵ,Ⅶ是首次从桑叶属植物中分离得到的。     

毛泡桐果化学成分研究

目的：研究毛泡桐果实的化学成分。方法应用柱色谱方法分离和纯化,通过理化常数和波谱分析鉴定化合物的结构。结果从毛泡桐果中分离出11个化合物,其结构分别鉴定为：β-谷甾醇（Ⅰ）,泡桐素（Ⅱ）,熊果酸（Ⅲ）,胡萝卜苷（Ⅳ）,芹菜素（Ⅴ）,香草酸（Ⅵ）,异香草酸（Ⅶ）,对羟基苯甲酸（Ⅷ）,5,7,4′-三羟基-3′-甲氧基黄酮（Ⅸ）,3′-甲氧基木犀草素-7-O-β-D葡萄糖苷（Ⅹ）,diplacone（Ⅺ）。结论化合物Ⅵ、Ⅶ为首次从该属中分得,化合物Ⅱ、Ⅸ、Ⅹ为首次从毛泡桐果中分得。     

大高良姜的化学成分及对人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7的细胞毒作用研究

目的研究大高良姜的化学成分及所得部分苯丙素类化合物对人乳腺癌细胞MCF．7的细胞毒活性。方法用柱色谱技术分离、纯化,通过理化常数和波谱分析鉴定化合物结构;细胞培养MTT染色法测定化合物对肿瘤细胞的毒性。结果分离并鉴定出10个化合物,分别为：二乙酸．反式一对香豆醇酯（Ⅰ）,对乙酰氧基苯丙烯醇（Ⅱ）,对乙酰氧基苯丙烯醚（Ⅲ）,1’-乙酰氧基胡椒酚乙酸酯（Ⅳ）,反式对羟基桂皮醛（Ⅴ）,反式对羟基桂皮酸（Ⅵ）,反式．对羟基桂皮醛乙酯（Ⅶ）,二对乙酰氧基苯乙烯甲烷（Ⅷ）,对羟基苯甲醛（Ⅸ）,2,5．二羟基苯甲酸（Ⅹ）;化合物Ⅰ对人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7生长抑制作用较强,化合物Ⅱ～Ⅵ无明显细胞毒作用。结论化合物Ⅱ,Ⅹ系首次从该植物中分离到;化合物Ⅰ对人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7有一定的细胞毒作用。     

大高良姜的化学成分研究

目的研究大高良姜（Alpinia galanga rhizomes）的化学成分。方法采用硅胶柱层析技术分离纯化,用物理、化学和光谱学方法鉴定化合物结构。结果分离并鉴定6种化合物,分别为：β-谷甾醇（Ⅰ）,二乙酸-反式-对-香豆醇酯（Ⅱ）,1-O-十七烷酸甘油酯（Ⅲ）,反式．对羟基桂皮醛（Ⅳ）,胡萝卜苷（Ⅴ）,丁二酸（Ⅵ）：结论化合物Ⅲ、Ⅵ系首次从大高良姜中分离得到。     

霞草花化学成分研究

目的研究霞草花的化学成分。方法用色谱技术分离、纯化,通过理化常数和波谱分析鉴定化合物结构。结果从霞草花分离出7种化合物,分别为丁香醛(Ⅰ),皂草黄素(Ⅱ),大豆脑苷Ⅰ(Ⅲ),3,4-二羟基苯甲酸(Ⅳ),熊果苷(Ⅴ),β-谷甾醇(Ⅵ),胡萝卜苷(Ⅶ)。结论化合物Ⅰ~Ⅶ均为首次从霞草花中分离得到,其中化合物Ⅰ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ为首次从该属植物分离得到,化合物Ⅱ为首次从该种植物分离得到。     

霞草花化学成分研究

目的 研究霞草花的化学成分.方法 用色谱技术分离、纯化,通过理化常数和波谱分析鉴定化合物结构.结果 从霞草花分离出7种化合物,分别为丁香醛(Ⅰ),皂草黄素(Ⅱ),大豆脑苷Ⅰ(Ⅲ),3,4-二羟基苯甲酸(Ⅳ),熊果苷(V),β-谷甾醇(Ⅵ),胡萝卜苷(Ⅶ).结论 化合物Ⅰ～Ⅶ均为首次从霞草花中分离得到,其中化合物Ⅰ,Ⅳ,V为首次从该属植物分离得到,化合物Ⅱ为首次从该种植物分离得到.     

筒鞘蛇菰化学成分研究

目的研究筒鞘蛇菰Balanophora involucrata Hook.f.的化学成分。方法采用硅胶柱色谱、ODS反相柱色谱、核磁共振波谱(NMR)和电子轰击质谱(EI-MS)等对该植物石油醚和乙酸乙酯提取部位的化学成分进行分离鉴定。结果共分离鉴定了11个单体化合物,分别为乙酸羽扇豆醇(Ⅰ)、硬脂酸(Ⅱ)、β-谷甾醇(Ⅲ)、胡萝卜苷(Ⅳ)、没食子酸(Ⅴ)、短叶苏木酚酸乙酯(Ⅵ)、圣草酚(Ⅶ)、三叶苷(Ⅷ)、毛蕊异黄酮-7-O-β-D-葡糖苷(Ⅸ)、3',4'-二羟基黄酮-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(Ⅹ)、3-羟基根皮苷(Ⅺ)。结论化合物Ⅴ为首次从该植物中发现,化合物Ⅱ、Ⅵ、Ⅸ、Ⅹ为首次从该属植物中分离得到。     

中华猕猴桃根化学成分的研究

目的研究中华猕猴桃根的化学成分。方法采用硅胶柱色谱分离纯化,通过理化常数测定结合谱学分析鉴定化合物的结构。结果从中华猕猴桃根中分离并鉴定了7个化合物,分别为:β-谷甾醇(Ⅰ),硬脂酸葡萄糖苷(Ⅱ),胡萝卜苷(Ⅲ),表-儿茶素(Ⅳ),2α,3α,24-三羟基-12-烯-28-乌苏酸(Ⅴ),正丁基果糖苷(Ⅵ),蔗糖(Ⅶ)。结论化合物Ⅱ和Ⅵ为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

中华猕猴桃根化学成分的研究

目的:研究中华猕猴桃根的化学成分.方法:采用硅胶柱色谱分离纯化,通过理化常数测定结合谱学分析鉴定化合物的结构.结果:从中华猕猴桃根中分离并鉴定了7个化合物,分别为:β-谷甾醇(Ⅰ),硬脂酸葡萄糖苷(Ⅱ),胡萝卜苷(Ⅲ),表-儿茶素(Ⅳ),2α,3α,24-三羟基-12-烯-28-乌苏酸(Ⅴ),正丁基果糖苷(Ⅵ),蔗糖(Ⅶ).结论:化合物Ⅱ和Ⅵ为首次从该植物中分离得到.     

大高良姜的化学成分及对人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7的细胞毒作用研究

目的研究大高良姜的化学成分及所得部分苯丙素类化合物对人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7的细胞毒活性。方法用柱色谱技术分离、纯化,通过理化常数和波谱分析鉴定化合物结构;细胞培养MTT染色法测定化合物对肿瘤细胞的毒性。结果分离并鉴定出10个化合物,分别为:二乙酸-反式-对香豆醇酯(Ⅰ),对乙酰氧基苯内烯醇(Ⅱ),对乙酰氧基苯丙烯醚(Ⅲ),1-乙酰氧基胡椒酚乙酸酯(Ⅳ),反式对羟基桂皮醛(Ⅴ),反式对羟基桂皮酸(Ⅵ),反式-对羟基桂皮醛乙酯(Ⅶ),二对乙酰氧基苯乙烯甲烷(Ⅷ),对羟基苯甲醛(Ⅸ),2,5-二羟基苯甲酸(Ⅹ);化合物Ⅰ对人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7生长抑制作用较强,化合物Ⅱ～Ⅵ无明显细胞毒作用。结论化合物Ⅱ,Ⅹ系首次从该植物中分离到;化合物Ⅰ对人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7有一定的细胞毒作用。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Influence des ions sur le pouvoir hydratant de l'ure e: e tude sur peau de porc ex vivo

This study deals with the influence of ions (NaCl and MgSO4) in a W/O emulsion containing 10% urea. Moisturization kinetics are assessed by corneometry on pig skin ex vivo. The formula's influence on urea penetration is measured by infrared spectrometry with an ATR device and the stripping method. Corneometry and spectroscopy were chosen to record simultaneously the hydratation levels and urea localization into superficial cell layers. Urea crystallization after evaporation of emulsions and aqueous solutions is described. Results show that urea does not hydrate nor penetrate when applied to the skin through an aqueous gel. In a W/O emulsion, sodium chloride increases the ability of urea to moisturize without improving penetration. In vitro urea crystallization is disturbed by sodium chloride or magnesium sulphate for solutions and emulsions. This stabilization by ions is correlated with good moisturization values. The stabilization of urea in the solute state provided by ions increases its water epidermal binding capacity without enhancing penetration.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.