增稠剂对速冻荞麦面条流变学特性的影响

为了提高荞麦面条的保健功能,将荞麦粉与小麦粉的比例提高至7∶3;为了改善荞麦面条的品质,在面条配料中需加入一定量的增稠剂。研究了沙蒿胶、瓜尔豆胶、羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)三种增稠剂对速冻荞麦面条流变学特性的影响,正交试验结果表明复合添加剂的最佳配比为:沙蒿胶质量分数0.03%,瓜尔豆胶质量分数2.5%,CMC-Na质量分数0.3%。此条件下可以制得营养价值高、口感好的荞麦面条。     

荞麦面条餐后血糖的评测

研究了纯荞麦面条和市售荞麦面条的加工品质以及对小鼠餐后血糖反应的影响,通过测定面条的基本成分、蒸煮特性、质构特性、感官评定以及餐后血糖反应,来对比纯荞麦面条与市售荞麦面条在控制血糖方面的效果。结果表明,市售荞麦面条在感官评价方面虽然优于纯荞麦面条,但在控制小鼠餐后血糖方面,纯荞麦面条的血糖峰值要比市售荞麦面条晚出现15 min,而且血糖增长曲线也呈现缓升缓降的趋势,餐后血糖的波动较小;在120 min时,灌胃纯荞麦直面的小鼠血糖增长百分比比市售荞麦面条的小鼠血糖增长百分比高约20%,说明纯荞麦面条能有效的维持餐后血糖的稳定,食用纯荞麦直面更能起到一定的饱腹作用。研究表明特定加工工艺下的纯荞麦面条可作为日常膳食摄入以起到降低血糖的作用。     

燕麦、荞麦面条品质提升研究进展

燕麦、荞麦等杂粮营养价值高但缺乏面条制作中需要的面筋蛋白。因此,为兼顾营养与口感的需求,燕麦、荞麦面条制作时通常需要与小麦粉复配,并从原料预处理、加工工艺等方面改良品质。本文从原料预处理（预糊化、灭酶、脱脂、发酵）和加工工艺改进（配方、和面方式、成型方式等）两个方面对燕麦、荞麦面条品质改良的研究现状进行了综述。 在此基础上,深入讨论了当前燕麦、荞麦面条研究中存在的问题,并对其未来的研究前景进行了展望。     

荞麦面条配方优化及其体外消化特性

荞麦是一种营养丰富的小杂粮,通过在小麦中添加荞麦可提升传统面条的营养价值,满足消费者多元化的营养需求。该研究通过单因素试验考察加水量、荞麦粉添加量、谷朊粉添加量、食盐添加量和魔芋胶添加量对于荞麦面条蒸煮特性和质构特性的影响,之后选取荞麦粉、谷朊粉、食盐和魔芋胶添加量4个因素进行正交试验,确定荞麦面条的最佳工艺：荞麦粉添加量16%,谷朊粉添加量4%,食盐碱添加量0.9%,魔芋胶添加量0.2%。此外,比较最佳工艺下制备的荞麦面条与小麦面条特性,结果显示,荞麦面条的咀嚼性、剪切力、拉伸强度和拉伸距离高于小麦面条。荞麦面条和小麦面条在消化终点时淀粉水解率分别为78.55%和85.44%;荞麦面条中抗性淀粉含量比小麦面条高6.18%,荞麦面条血糖生成指数比小麦面条低3.32。     

荞麦面条生产工艺设计的探讨

荞麦及其面制品荞麦面条具有丰富的营养价值,亦具有很好的市场前景。本文结合设计实践经验,分别从荞麦面条生产的自动上料工段、制面工段、以及烘干包装工段,对以荞麦全粉和面粉为主要原料生产荞麦面条的生产工艺设计展开探讨,以期为荞麦面条的产业化提供参考。     

中小型荞麦加工生产技术

用分级,脱壳,分离荞麦加工生产新技术代替了传统的荞麦加工生产技术,可将荞麦加工成荞麦整米,精荞麦面,荞麦皮或荞麦饲料,不但比传统的加工技术能多加工出高品质的荞麦整米,而且加工出的精荞麦,荞麦皮的质量也大大提高,此种荞麦加工和综合利用的新技术是变资源优势为商品优势,增加经济收入的一条好路子。     

中小型荞麦加工生产技术

用分级、脱壳、分离荞麦加工生产新技术代替了传统的荞麦加工生产技术 ,可将荞麦加工成荞麦整米、精荞麦面、荞麦皮或荞麦饲料 ,不但比传统的加工技术能多加工出高品质的荞麦整米 ,而且加工出的精荞麦、荞麦皮的质量也大大提高。此种荞麦加工和综合利用的新技术是变资源优势为商品优势 ,增加经济收入的一条好路子。     

谷氨酰胺转氨酶对荞麦面条品质的影响

为了改善荞麦面条的品质,采用谷氨酰胺转氨酶(TG酶)对其进行处理,研究谷氨酰胺转氨酶对荞麦面条品质特性(面条吸水率、蒸煮损失及质构特性)和微观结构的影响,采用十二烷基硫酸钠—聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS—PAGE)和体积排阻高效液相色谱(SE—HPLC)对面条中蛋白质交联聚合特性进行研究,探讨其作用机制。结果表明,添加TG酶能显著降低荞麦面条的吸水率和蒸煮损失,提高其硬度和拉断力,当添加0.01%的TG酶时,荞麦面条的蒸煮损失达到最小值。RVA分析表明,随着TG酶添加量的增加,荞麦面粉的峰值黏度、终值黏度和回生值增加,崩解值降低。电泳图中低分子量亚基条带变浅,SDS蛋白可萃取率降低,说明添加TG酶诱导面条中的蛋白质发生了交联聚合行为,并经微观结构观察,这种交联形成了致密而连续的蛋白网络结构,使得淀粉很好地镶嵌在其中,从而影响了荞麦面条的品质。     

荞麦面条加工工艺及其品质提升的研究进展

荞麦作为富含生物类黄酮、手性肌醇、膳食纤维等多种功能组分的粮食资源,具有控糖、降脂、抗氧化、抗疲劳等多种生理功能,是功能型面条的理想原料。然而,由于缺乏面筋蛋白,荞麦面条存在不易成型、易断条、易糊汤等问题,影响消费者的接受度,限制荞麦在面条生产中的应用。围绕荞麦面条行业发展的这些主要问题,分析影响荞麦面条品质的具体因素,就目前生产工艺及品质提升方法的研究进展进行综述,并提出荞麦面条品质改良的建议,以期通过改善荞麦面条品质、提高荞麦添加量,实现提升荞麦膳食摄入量,更好地发挥荞麦的健康作用。     

自然发酵对荞麦挤压面条拉伸性能的影响效应研究

面筋蛋白缺乏,淀粉糊稳定性差,纤维含量高等因素,导致荞麦粉凝胶质地差是当前面条等荞麦面制品开发的瓶颈问题。拉伸测试及RVA快速黏度分析法研究了自然发酵对荞麦挤压面条质地的改善效应。结果表明,自然发酵96 h可使面条的最大破断应变从24.7%增加到29.4%,破断功增加了0.25kg.mm;自然发酵加速了糊化过程中淀粉颗粒的膨胀及崩解,降低了淀粉糊化的峰值黏度、谷值黏度及终黏度,使得发酵荞麦粉面条制品的凝胶结构更加致密,凝胶强度增强。因此,自然发酵作为一种绿色加工技术用于改善荞麦面条的质地特性是切实可行的。     

荞麦米线加工工艺研究

研究荞麦米线的加工工艺,单因素试验确定影响荞麦米线品质的主要因素为荞麦粉∶早籼米、面粉粒径、含水量和复蒸时间4个因素,正交试验确定产品的最佳工艺条件为荞麦粉∶早籼米为1∶4,面粉粒径为80目,含水量为45%,复蒸时间为4 min。此工艺生产的荞麦米线具有加工工艺简单,营养丰富,口感爽滑等特点。荞麦米线的研制为改良传统食品提供新思路。     

高添加苦荞面条的配方优化及其抗氧化活性分析

优化高添加苦荞面条的配方并研究其抗氧化活性。采用单因素实验和响应面试验,以综合评分为考察指标,确定高添加苦荞面条的最优配方;测定面团的热机械特性和面条蒸煮特性及其抗氧化活性。结果表明,高添加苦荞面条的最佳配方是:苦荞添加量62%、面粉添加量38%、蔗糖酯添加量0.4%、食用碱添加量0.2%、魔芋胶添加量0.4%、食盐添加量2%。改良组的面团蒸煮稳定性（C4/C3）优于纯小麦面条组,采用该配方制备的高添加苦荞面条（即改良组）综合评分最高。总酚含量及体外抗氧化活性结果显示,改良组面条的总酚含量及抗氧化能力显著高于纯小麦面条（P<0.05）,其中,改良组的总酚含量为9.11 mg GAE/g,DPPH·清除率为70.55%,ABTS+·清除率为87.73%;而纯小麦面条的总酚含量及DPPH·、ABTS+·清除率分别为1.11 mg GAE/g、36.70%、9.10%。通过蒸煮特性结果可以得出,无改良剂的苦荞面条其蒸煮损失率、断条率及面汤浑浊度显著大于纯小麦面条（P<0.05）,而改良组的蒸煮损失率、断条率与纯小麦面条差异不显著（P>0.05）,但面汤浑浊度差异显著。因此,本文优化后的高添加苦荞混合粉具有较高抗氧化活性及面条加工适性。     

苦荞超微粉对苦荞小麦混合粉及其挂面品质的影响

将普通苦荞粉,苦荞超微粉A和B按照5%~30%的比例添加到小麦粉中,对苦荞小麦混合粉的面团粉质特性及其挂面的感官品质、蒸煮品质及质构特性进行了研究,结果表明:与普通粉相比,添加苦荞超微粉的混合粉面团的吸水率增加,面团形成时间和稳定时间缩短,弱化度值升高,粉质指数降低;添加苦荞超微粉提高了挂面的感官品质;添加量在15%以下时,添加苦荞普通粉制作的面条煮熟增重率较高,添加量在15%~30%时,添加苦荞超微粉A制作的面条煮熟增重率较高,而添加量在5%~30%时,添加苦荞超微粉A制作的面条煮熟的干物质损失率最低;苦荞粉超微处理增加了苦荞挂面的坚实度和剪切功,面条咀嚼性和韧性增强。小麦粉中添加20%苦荞超微粉A时制作的挂面韧性,口感良好。     

添加挤压苦荞粉对纯苦荞挂面加工及面条品质的影响

为提高纯苦荞挂面的加工适应性及面条品质,将挤压处理后的苦荞粉与生苦荞粉混合后制作纯苦荞挂面,将挤压苦荞粉的添加量及和面加水量结合探究其对纯苦荞挂面加工品质及面条品质的影响。通过面带的质构品质、面条的蒸煮及质构特性评价纯苦荞挂面的加工性能和食用品质。结果表明,随着挤压苦荞粉添加量的增加,面带的表面黏附力和抗拉伸力及面条的蒸煮损失率显著(P<0.05)增加;随着和面加水量的增加,面带的表面黏附力显著(P<0.05)增加,抗拉伸力下降,面条的硬度、咀嚼性和蒸煮损失率均显著(P<0.05)增加,当挤压苦荞粉的添加量为30%,加水量为34%时,面带的表面黏附力最低,抗拉伸力适中,蒸煮损失率最小,质构品质较好,综合评价最高。     

Thermomechanical Properties of Dough and Quality of Noodles Made from Wheat Flour Supplemented with Different Grades of Tartary Buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) Flour

Tartary buckwheat has attracted attention worldwide for its nutritional value. To examine the potential application of tartary buckwheat in oriental noodle production, different proportions of four grades of tartary buckwheat flour (TBF) were added to noodle dough. TBF is produced from the hulled tartary buckwheat by passing it through break rolls and a 120-mesh sieve of a complete buckwheat processing set four times to produce four grade fractions, A, B, C, and D. The thermomechanical properties of the dough as well as the quality of noodles made with different grades of TBF were assessed. The results indicate that protein, fiber, lipid, and ash contents increased while starch content decreased sequentially from fraction A to fraction D. The addition of TBF significantly decreased the water absorption and stability of the wheat dough. No significant differences were found in cooking loss or the tensile strength of cooked, formulated noodles between 10 and 20 % of fraction A and 10 % of fraction B. Additionally, TBF decreased the firmness of cooked noodles and gave the dry noodles a more yellow hue with low lightness. A sensory evaluation confirmed that the noodles containing fraction A or B in the above proportions showed no significant differences in acceptability when compared with the noodles prepared with only wheat flour. In conclusion, TBF fractions A and B could be used as a nutritional additive in oriental noodles.     

Characteristics of fractionated flours from whole buckwheat grain using a gradual milling system and their application for noodle making

BACKGROUND: Recently, the quality of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum, Moench) flour was improved by using a gradual milling method in which whole buckwheat grains were milled into various fractions. In this study, 16 fractions milled from whole buckwheat grains from the outer to inner parts are characterised and used for noodle making. RESULTS: Protein and ash contents of flours increased in the order from the inner to the outer fractions. Each fraction contained nine main fatty acids in which the concentration of palmitic, stearic, linoleic and linolenic acids tended to decrease from the inner to outer parts of the grain, whereas the concentration of oleic acid in the middle parts of grain was higher than in the other parts. The peak viscosity was different among the fractions and the middle fractions had significantly higher peak viscosity than the other fractions. The optimum cooking time and whiteness of uncooked and cooked noodles substituted with 40% of the fractions decreased from the inner to outer fractions, whereas noodles made from the inner fractions were harder and less elastic than those from the outer fractions. CONCLUSION: The different buckwheat fractions contributed to different quality of soba noodles. However, the appropriate fractions could be used for noodle making to improve the quality of noodles depending on nutritional demands. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

Evaluation of the performance of flours from cross- and self-pollinating Canadian common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) cultivars in soba noodles

Two Canadian cross-pollinating common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) varieties, Koban and Koto, and two self-pollinating lines, BR01 and BR06, were dehulled and roller milled on a pilot mill to produce three distinct milled products, white flour, dark flour and whole groat flour. The white flours contained mostly starch (79.2–87.2%), whereas the dark flours were rich in proteins (37.1–38.7%), dietary fibre (15.2–22.0%), ash (5.49–5.99%), and fagopyritols (1420–2220 mg/100 g). The buckwheat flours were blended with wheat flour (Canada Western Red Spring straight grade flour) at 60:40 ratios and evaluated for soba noodle properties. Significant differences in milling properties, and in raw noodle colour and texture were detected among cultivars, although the impact of flour type on noodle properties was far greater. The self-pollinating lines exhibited comparable milling and soba noodle properties to Koban. Koto exhibited slightly higher white flour yield and generally firmer noodle texture compared to the other lines. White flours produced the brightest noodles, followed by whole groat and dark flours. Dark flours yielded the thickest cooked noodles with the largest maximum cutting stress and greatest resistance to compression. Noodles prepared with white flour offered the best chewiness, springiness and recovery parameters. Soba noodles prepared with dark flours contained considerably higher amounts of minerals, proteins, dietary fibre, and fagopyritols than noodles prepared with white flour.