KF/MgO催化酯交换法合成碳酸二月桂酯

The catalytic properties of KF/MgO for the synthesis of didodecyl carbonate (DDC) by transesterification from dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and dodecanol were studied. The effects of loading amount of KF and calcining temperature were systemically investigated. The phase structure was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Interaction between KF and the carrier MgO occurred in the process of calcination, and a new phase K2MgF4 formed when calcining temperature was 673 K or above. FTIR results showed that K2CO3 was observed when catalysts calcined in air. When calcining tem-perature was 873 K and the loading mass amount of KF was 30%, the KF/MgO catalyst exhibited the optimal catalytic properties and the yield of DDC was maximized to 80%. The excellent catalytic properties of KF/MgO was ascribed to the formation of K2MgF4+K2CO3 during the calcination in air.     

超临界流体抗溶剂法制备叶黄素/羟丙甲纤维素邻苯二甲酸酯纳米微胶囊

Lutein was nano-encapsuled with hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose phthalate (HPMCP) to maintain its bioactivity and to avoid thermal/light degradation. Supercritical antisolvent precipitation was applied to prepare lutein/HPMCP nano-capsule. The effects of several operating parameters on the yield, lutein loading, encapsulation efficiency, particle size and particle size distribution of the nanocapsule were investigated. The mean diameter of nanocapsules ranged from 163 nm to 219 nm under appropriate experimental conditions. The result of scanning electron microscope showed that the nanocapsules were nearly spherical. The highest yield reached 95.35% when the initial concentration of lutein was saturated. The highest lutein loading of 15.80% and encapsulation efficiency of 88.41% were obtained under the conditions of 11 MPa, 40C and CHPMCP︰Clutein 5︰l. The results may pro-mote the application of lutein in food industry.     

Storage Stability of Alpha-Lipoic Acid-loaded Lipid Nanoparticles

Alpha-lipoic acid-loaded lipid nanoparticles(ALA-LNs) were prepared by high pressure homogenization method.The influences of storage conditions such as time and temperature on the physical and chemical storage stability of ALA-LNs were studied in details.The stability was evaluated by particle size and polydispersity index,morphology of ALA-LNs,and capacity of ALA loading.The dilution and pH stability of ALA-LNs suspensions were also studied.After three months storage,the mean size of ALA-LNs at 4 and 40 ℃ was increased by 2.68% and 3.62% compared with the original size,respectively.ALA-LNs stored at 40 ℃ had ellipsoid shape and the mean size was about 152 nm(SD=23.6).The loading capacity of ALA at 40 ℃ was much higher than those stored at other two temperatures.The good dilution and pH stability were also demonstrated.The sample had good fluidity even at 4 ℃.     

金属卟啉催化的甲苯氧化及工艺优化

Catalytic activities of a series of metalloporphyrin complexes in selective aerobic oxidation of toluene were investigated.The effects of different central metal ions in metalloporphyrins[T（p-Cl）PPMCl（M=Fe,Co,Mn,Cu）] on the reaction course had been examined and it was found that T（p-Cl）PPCu presented the highest catalytic activity in the reaction.The reaction conditions of toluene oxidation were optimized by using orthogonal experiment design.Five relevant factors were investigated：temperature,air pressure,catalyst loading,air flow rate and reaction time.The effects of the five factors on both toluene conversion and total yield of benzaldehyde and benzyl alcohol were discussed.The research results showed that the reaction temperature was the most significant factor influencing toluene oxidation.On the basis of the margin analysis,the optimum conditions for the toluene conversion and the total yield of benzaldehyde and benzyl alcohol respectively were achieved,under which the toluene conversion was up to 14.67%and the total yield of benzaldehyde and benzyl alcohol reached 5.89%.     

Enhancement of fine particle filtration with efficient humidification

Filtration is one of the most effective methods to remove suspended fine particles from air. In filtration processes,pressure drop of compact dust cake causes problems in efficiency and economy, which has received increasing attention and still remains challenging. In this study, we developed a novel technique to intensify the filtration of fine particles with efficient humidification. Two strategies for humidification, including ultrasonic atomization and steam humidification(controlling of ambient humidity), were employed and proved to be both effective. The regeneration frequency of the filter could be reduced by 55% with ultrasonic atomization, while steam humidification could lead to a 78% reduction in regeneration frequency. The effect of operating conditions on pressure drop and the mass loading during filtration were investigated. The dust cake showed a loose and porous structure with an optimized droplet-to-particle ratio. With the ratio of 1.53 and 0.0282, the maximum mass loading was 552 g·m-2upon the ultrasonic atomization and 720 g·m-2upon the steam humidification. The results show that humidification could slow down the increase of pressure drop during filtration and improve the efficiency of process.     

0℃以下含SDS的甲烷水合物生成方式及过程对其分解速率的影响

The dissociation rates of methane hydrates formed with and without the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate(methane-SDS hydrates),were measured under atmospheric pressure and temperatures below ice point to investigate the influence of the hydrate production conditions and manners upon its dissociation kinetic behavior.The experimental results demonstrated that the dissociation rate of methane hydrate below ice point is strongly dependent on the manners of hydrate formation and processing.The dissociation rate of hydrate formed quiescently was lower than that of hydrate formed with stirring;the dissociation rate of hydrate formed at lower pressure was higher than that of hydrate formed at higher pressure;the compaction of hydrate after its formation lowered its stability,i.e.,increased its dissociation rate.The stability of hydrate could be increased by prolonging the time period for which hydrate was held at formation temperature and pressure before it was cooled down,or by prolonging the time period for which hydrate was held at dissociation temperature and formation pressure before it was depressurized to atmospheric pressure.It was found that the dissociation rate of methane hydrate varied with the temperature(ranging from 245.2 to 272.2 K) anomalously as reported on the dissociation of methane hydrate without the presence of surfactant as kinetic promoter.The dissociation rate at 268 K was found to be the lowest when the manners and conditions at which hydrates were formed and processed were fixed.     

过程参数对超临界抗溶剂法共沉淀紫杉醇-PLLA的影响(英文)

Paclitaxel(PTX) is an effective anticancer drug with poor solubility in water.Recently,much effort has been devoted into alternative formulations of PTX for improving its aqueous solubility.In this study,PTX and poly(L-lactic acid)(PLLA) were co-precipitated by a supercritical antisolvent(SAS) process using dichloromethane(DCM) and the mixtures of DCM/ethanol(EtOH) or DCM/dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO) as the solvent,with super-critical carbon dioxide as the antisolvent.The effects of solvent,solvent ratio,temperature,pressure,polymer con-centration and solution flow rate on particle morphology,mass median diameter(Dp50) and PTX loading were in-vestigated using single-factor method.The particle samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),laser diffraction particle size analyzer and high pressure liquid chromatogra-phy(HPLC).XRD results indicate that the micronized PTX is dispersed into the PLLA matrix in an amorphous form.SEM indicates that the solvent and the solvent ratio have great effect on the particle morphologies,and particle morphology is good at the volume ratio of DCM/EtOH of 50/50.For the mixed DCM/EtOH solvent,Dp50 increases with the increase of the temperature,pressure,PLLA concentration and solution flow rate,and PTX loading in-creases with pressure.Suitable operating conditions for the experimental system are as follows:DCM/EtOH 50/50(by volume),35 ℃,10-12 MPa,PLLA concentration of 5 g·L-1 and solution flow rate of 0.5 ml·min-1.     

Experimental Study on Hydrogenation of SiCl_4 to SiHCl_3 in a Stirred Bed Reactor

The hydrogenation of SiCl_4 to SiHCl_3 was studied in a stirred bed reactor with CuCl catalyst.The properties of the CuCl catalysts and silicon particles before and after the reaction were characterized by SEM,XRD and XPS.The XRD showed that the active component of Cu3Si was formed during the reaction,and the EDX proved the molar ratio of Cu and Si on the region of apertures.The valent of Cu was discussed by XPS before and after the hydrogen reaction.Then the effects of the reaction temperature,pressure,molar ratio of H2 to SiC l4,weight hourly space velocity(WHSV),and catalyst loading were studied.The results showed that the conversion rate of Si Cl4 was about 38%at WHSV of 190 Nm3/(t·h),temperature of 540℃,pressure of 1.8 MPa,catalyst loading of 0.9%(ω),and molar ratio of H2 to Si Cl4 1.7:1.Based on the experemental results,a reaction mechanism was proposed,which involved the continuous consumption of silicon(many apertures was showed on SEM image)and formation of new Cu3Si active component during the hydrogenation reaction.     

Effect of ethylene vinyl acetate content on the performance of VMD using HDPE co-blending membrane

Membranes were fabricated with high-density polyethylene(HDPE) and ethylene vinyl acetate(EVA) blend through thermally induced phase separation and were then used for vacuum membrane distillation(VMD).The membranes were supported by nonwoven polyester fabric with a special cellular structure. Different membrane samples were obtained by adjusting the polymer concentration, HDPE/EVA weight ratio, and coagulation bath temperature. The membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) analysis, contact angle test, and evaluation of porosity and pore size distribution. A series of VMD tests were conducted using aqueous NaCl solution(0.5 mol·L~(-1)) at a feed temperature of 65 ℃ and permeate side absolute pressure of 3 kPa. The membranes showed excellent performance in water permeation flux, salt rejection, and long-term stability. The HDPE/EVA co-blending membranes exhibited the largest permeation flux of 23.87 kg·m~(-2)·h~(-1) and benign salt rejection of ≥99.9%.     

微生物-化学耦合法再生活性炭的研究(英文)

In this study,spent activated carbon(AC) saturated with caramel was regenerated by using yeast and NaOH.The efficiency of regeneration was evaluated under parameters such as amount,treatment time,temperature,pH value,stirring temperature of yeast and NaOH concentration.The optimum condition for AC regeneration was 8 h for yeast treatment time,35 ℃ for 0.075% yeast culture temperature,a pH value of 6 for the yeast dealing with the spent AC,90 ℃ for NaOH stirring temperature of AC and 6% NaOH for washing after the spent AC was treated by yeast.Under these conditions,methylene blue(MB) adsorption was 213 mg·g-1 in comparison with 60 mg·g-1 of spent AC.The micro structure and surface area of the regenerated AC were characterized by scanning electron mi-croscope(SEM) and N2 sorption,respectively.The pore size distributions of virgin and regenerated AC were ana-lyzed by means of H-K equation,resulting in a mean pore diameter of 1.28 nm and a pore volume of 1.13 cm3·g-1.This study provides data for theoretical support of the AC regeneration technology.     

微波蚀刻法制备RGO-BiOCl/Bi2WO6异质结型催化剂及其催化性能

采用改进的Hummers法制备氧化石墨烯,以Bi（NO₃）₃·5H₂O、KCl、Na₂WO₄为原料,采用微波蚀刻法在其基础上负载BiOCl/Bi₂WO₆。通过X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、比表面积测定仪（BET）、紫外-可见漫反射（UV-Vis）及透射电镜（TEM）等对所制备的催化剂进行表征。以RhB作为目标降解物,考察其光催化性能。结果表明,当RGO：RGO-BiOCl（质量比）为2%、Bi₂WO₆：RGO-BiOCl/Bi₂WO₆（摩尔比）为50%,降解率可达94.6%,远高于纯BiOCl。     

五乙烯六胺改性制备CO2吸附剂及其对模拟烟气中CO2捕集性能的研究（英文）

A novel solid support adsorbent for CO2 capture was developed by loading pentaethylenehexamine (PEHA) on commercial y available mesoporous molecular sieve MCM-41 using wet impregnation method. MCM-41 sam-ples before and after PEHA loading were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, N2 adsorption/desorption, thermal gravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscope to investigate the textural and thermo-physical properties. CO2 adsorption performance was evaluated in a fixed bed adsorption system. Results indicated that the structure of MCM-41 was preserved after loading PEHA. Surface area and total pore volume of PEHA loaded MCM-41 decreased with the increase of loading. The working adsorption capacity of CO2 could be significantly improved at 60%of PEHA loading and 75 °C. The effect of the height of adsorbent bed was investigated and the best working adsorption capacity for MCM-41-PEHA-60 reached 165 mg·(g adsorbent)?1 at 75 °C. Adsorption/desorption circle showed that the CO2 working adsorption capacity of MCM-41-PEHA kept stable. ? 2014 The Chemical Industry and Engineering Society of China, and Chemical Industry Press. Al rights reserved.     

Ag2CO3@PVDF/氧化石墨烯超滤膜及其分离性能

以聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）为聚合物,氧化石墨烯（GO）为添加剂,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP-K30）为致孔剂,N,N-二甲基乙酰胺（DMAc）为溶剂配制铸膜液,借助相转化法制备了PVDF/GO膜（PGM）,并通过原位共沉反应在PGM表面沉积Ag₂CO₃得到Ag₂CO₃@PVDF/GO复合膜（AgC-PGM）;使用扫描电镜（SEM）、傅里叶红外光谱（FTIR）、水接触角、纯水通量、BSA截留率和三维荧光光谱（3D-EEM）考察了膜材料的形貌、亲水性、水通量和分离性。结果表明,当添加GO为0.4%（质量）,AgNO₃（5.0 mmol·L^-1）与Na₂CO₃（2.5 mmol·L^-1）共沉反应3次得到AgC-PGM;与PVDF膜（132.8 L·m^-2·h^-1）相比,AgC-PGM呈现出较高的亲水性和纯水通量（237.4 L·m^-2·h^-1）,其纯水通量提高了78.8%,对BSA截留率稳定在75%以上;在过滤校区湖水时,AgC-PGM不仅凸显去除蛋白质污染的能力,且出水COD和UV₂₅₄达到自然水体一级标准。     

高铁酸钾强化铁锰氧化膜过滤去除水中有机物

前期研究发现铁锰氧化膜（MeO _x ）对水中氨氮、铁、锰等污染物具有较高的去除率，但对水中有机物（以COD_Mn计）的去除效果较差。为了提高MeO _x 对COD_Mn的去除率，本研究采用高铁酸钾强化MeO _x 的催化氧化过程，探究其对水中COD_Mn的有效去除及相关影响因素。实验结果表明：仅投加0.1mg/L的高铁酸钾强化MeO _x 过滤，对于进水中20mg/L的COD_Mn，去除率可达到约92.5%；滤速对其具有一定的影响，去除率随着滤速的提高呈下降的趋势，在6~10m/h出水滤速中的COD_Mn均能达到3.0mg/L以下，当滤速达到11m/h时去除率下降到81.65%；较低的pH（约6.51）具有一定的不利影响，COD_Mn的去除率随着pH的降低而逐渐下降；进水中NH₄⁺也会影响COD_Mn的去除，NH₄⁺浓度越高其去除率越低。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）结果显示，高铁酸碱强化过滤约60天后，可在MeO _x 的表面生成某种物质；由电子能谱（EDS）分析MeO _x 表面可知，约60天后C元素和O元素的比例明显增加，Mn元素和Fe元素的比例明显降低，但MeO _x 表面减少的部分铁锰物质并未影响COD_Mn的去除；由X射线光电子能谱（XPS）分析可知，Mn元素强化过滤前后对应的化合物主要为MnO、Mn₂O₃以及Mn₃O₄，对C、O元素分析后发现附着在MeO _x 表面的物质为(CH₂)₄O_n。     

Ag/BiOI光催化剂湿法脱除烟气中气态单质汞性能及机理

采用沉淀-光还原法制备了不同Ag含量的Ag/BiOI可见光催化剂,利用XRD、N₂吸附-脱附、SEM、TEM、XPS、DRS、光电流和ESR对其物化结构进行表征,在湿法鼓泡反应器脱汞装置上考察了Ag负载量、光照、SO₂和NO对气态单质汞（Hg⁰）脱除性能的影响。结果表明,与BiOI相比,Ag添加后光催化剂的脱汞效率大幅提高。当Ag负载质量分数为2%时,Ag/BiOI催化剂的脱汞效率高达98%。荧光灯辐照对Ag（2%）/BiOI催化剂的高效脱汞至关重要。与NO相比,SO₂对脱汞效率的影响颇为明显。与BiOI相比,Ag（2%）/BiOI中BiOI的边缘出现较多的Ag微颗粒,且Ag颗粒分散度较好;Ag的添加可以提高BiOI表面的化学吸附态氧含量和增强BiOI在可见光波段的吸收能力,有利于其高效脱汞。机理分析表明,超氧阴离子自由基（^•O₂^-）和空穴（h⁺）在光催化脱汞过程中起主要作用。     

Support Effects on Thiophene Hydrodesulfurization over Co-Mo-Ni/Al2O3 and Co-Mo-Ni/TiO2-Al2O3 Catalysts

A carbon-based sulfonated catalyst was prepared by direct sulfonation and carbonization （in moderate conditions：200 ＆#176;C, 12 h） of red liquor solids, a by-product of paper-making process. The prepared sulfonated cata-lyst （SC） had aromatic structure, composed of carbon enriched inner core, and oxygen-containing （SO3H, COOH, OH） groups enriched surface. The SO3H, COOH, OH groups amounted to 0.74 mmol·g^-1, 0.78 mmol·g^-1, 2.18 mmol·g^-1, respectively. The fresh SC showed much higher catalytic activity than that of the traditional solid acid catalysts （strong-acid 732 cation exchange resin, hydrogen type zeolite socony mobile-five （HZSM-5）, sulfated zir-conia） in esterification of oleic acid. SC was deactivated during the reactions, through the mechanisms of leaching of sulfonated species and formation of sulfonate esters. Two regeneration methods were developed, and the catalytic activity can be mostly regenerated by regeneration Method 1 and be fully regenerated by regeneration Method 2, respectively.     

pn型Cu2O-WO3的制备及光催化性能

采用高温水热法和共沉淀法制备了不同摩尔比的pn型Cu₂O-WO₃复合半导体材料。并利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）和X射线衍射（XRD）对样品的形貌特征和晶格结构进行表征。表征结果显示，复合材料由立方相的Cu₂O和六方相的WO₃组成。与纯WO₃物质相比，Cu₂O-WO₃复合半导体材料的紫外吸收边界发生显著红移，在可见光波长范围内的光吸收明显增强，展示出优良的光电流响应性能。以罗丹明B（RhB）溶液的光降解表征材料的光催化性能的过程中，在可见光下光照8h后，相较于WO₃和Cu₂O仅为22.2%和45.2%的光降解率，摩尔比为1∶2的Cu₂O-WO₃复合物的降解效率达到了90.6%。     

多壁碳纳米管/二氧化硅纳米复合材料的制备及其吸油性能

以羧化多壁碳纳米管为基体、纳米硅溶胶粒为增强相,通过一步液相共混方法制备多壁碳纳米管/二氧化硅纳米复合材料。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、电子扫描电镜（SEM）、热重（TGA）、孔结构分析（BET/BJH）对其进行了表征。以水中柴油为研究对象考察了该样品对水中柴油的吸附脱除效果,并与纳米二氧化硅胶粒、原生碳纳米管以及活性炭进行对比。结果表明：硅溶胶粒表面修饰后的多壁碳纳米管的聚团行为得以改善,而且材料具有微孔-介孔双孔道结构。对水中直馏柴油的去除率高达97.79%,并于1 h达到吸附平衡。整个吸附过程遵循准二级动力学模型,吸附体系的表观活化能为11.37 kJ·mol^-1,吸附等温线与Freundlich模型较为吻合,吸附效果明显强于其他3种吸附剂。     

V_2O_5-WO_3/TiO_2催化剂的制备及其烟气脱硝性能

以活性成分负载量、负载顺序和焙烧温度等关键制备参数因素进行正交实验设计制备了V_2O_5-WO_3/TiO_2催化剂,对其进行XRD和TPR表征,并在自行设计搭建的SCR烟气脱硝实验平台上评价其(300~390)℃的SCR脱硝性能。结果表明,活性成分钒和钨绝大多数以非晶态形式存在于载体表面,且具有良好的分散性;主要活性成分V_2O_5负载量越高,脱硝率越高;400℃焙烧温度可以形成催化反应所需的晶相,且维持催化剂较高的比表面积;催化剂低温活性和高温活性是由表面富集和各种成分之间相互作用共同产生的结果,活性组分与载体之间的相互作用对315℃低温脱硝活性影响明显,以先钒后钨负载顺序为宜,表面富集对390℃高温脱硝活性起主要作用,以钒钨同时负载或先钒后钨负载顺序较好;随着m(WO_3)∶m(V_2O_5)的增加,在7.5∶1处催化剂的脱硝率升至最高,随后迅速下降,WO_3负载质量分数以6%为宜。在优化条件V_2O_5负载质量分数0.8%、WO_3负载质量分数6%、先钒后钨负载和400℃焙烧温度下制备了催化剂并进行脱硝性能验证,315℃低温脱硝活性达到69.56%。     

N、Bi共掺杂的TiO_2可见光光催化剂的制备及其光催化性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备系列BixTi1-xO_2光催化剂以及N和Bi共掺杂Ti O_2光催化剂,采用XRD、UV-Vis、N2-物理吸附和TEM等对催化剂进行微观结构表征,以普通节能灯为光源,考察催化剂光催化氧化室内甲醛的性能。结果表明,在Bi掺杂的Ti O_2光催化剂体系中,Bi0.15Ti0.85O_2光催化剂催化降解甲醛效果最佳,400℃焙烧2.5 h,节能灯光照48 h,可将(1.05±0.05)mg·m-3甲醛降解至0.08 mg·m-3,甲醛转化率92.8%,达到室内空气质量标准。当N与Bi共掺杂时,节能灯光照24 h,Bi0.15Ti0.85O_2-N(0.2)光催化剂表现出最佳的光催化氧化降解甲醛性能,即可将甲醛由(1.05±0.05)mg·m-3降解至0.082 mg·m-3,甲醛转化率达92.0%,较Bi0.15Ti0.85O_2催化剂光催化效率提高50%。