亲水胶体对小麦玉米混合粉及馒头品质的影响

以玉米粉和小麦粉为原料,研究了黄原胶、瓜尔豆胶、羧甲基纤维素钠、魔芋胶4种亲水胶体不同的添加量(0.5%、1%、1.5%、2%)对混合粉粉质特性(吸水率、面团形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度)和小麦玉米混合粉馒头品质(比容、硬度、弹性、感官评分)的影响。用粉质仪测定混合粉的粉质特性,用体积测定仪测定小麦玉米混合粉馒头的比容,用质构仪测定小麦玉米混合粉馒头的硬度和弹性。结果表明:四种胶体均能增大混合粉的吸水率、面团形成时间、稳定时间,降低弱化度,但有一定的差异。黄原胶对粉质特性的影响最显著,然而添加了黄原胶的小麦玉米混合粉馒头品质较差。添加适量的瓜尔豆胶、羧甲基纤维素钠、魔芋胶可改善小麦玉米混合粉馒头的品质。其中,2%魔芋胶的比容最大,0.5%魔芋胶的硬度最小,2%羧甲基纤维素钠的弹性最大,感官评分最高。     

亲水胶体对面粉糊化特性和面条品质的影响

采用RVA快速黏度法、质构测定等方法研究瓜尔豆胶、魔芋胶、CMC和黄原胶4种亲水胶体对面粉糊化特性和面条品质的影响.结果表明,4种亲水胶体对面粉的糊化温度影响不显著;添加瓜尔豆胶、CMC和黄原胶面粉的峰值黏度、谷值黏度和最终黏度呈递增的趋势,添加魔芋胶的面粉的糊化性质变化不明显;添加魔芋胶和瓜尔豆胶面条的拉伸性能、切割性能呈递增的趋势;添加CMC和黄原胶面条的拉伸性能和切割性能先升高后降低;综合考虑各方面因素,4种亲水胶体均可用于面条的加工,适宜添加量为0.5%～1.0%.     

不同亲水胶体对百合淀粉糊化及流变学特性的影响

通过向龙牙百合鳞茎淀粉中添加不同来源的亲水胶体(瓜尔豆胶、黄原胶、阿拉伯胶、果胶、魔芋胶、羟丙基甲基纤维素),测定其黏度、热力学及流变学特性的变化,探究不同亲水胶体对百合淀粉糊化及流变学特性的影响。结果表明:不同亲水胶体与淀粉的混合体系表现出不同的糊化及流变学特性。添加瓜尔豆胶后的混合体系峰值黏度、谷值黏度和最终黏度均提高,而添加其余胶体后均降低。差示扫描量热结果表明:羟丙基甲基纤维素使混合体系的峰值温度和终止温度降低,添加其余胶体后混合体系糊化温度升高;添加亲水胶体后,糊化温度范围减小,热焓值降低。百合淀粉及添加不同亲水胶体后的淀粉混合物均随剪切频率增大呈现剪切稀化现象,均为假塑性流体。添加瓜尔豆胶后混合体系弹性模量(G′)、黏性模量(G″)和稠度系数(K)显著提高,流动系数(n)降低,假塑性增强;而其余胶体混合体系的G′和G″的变化规律不同。明确不同种类亲水胶体对百合淀粉糊化和流变特性的影响,可为百合淀粉与亲水胶体复配在食品中的应用提供参考。     

亲水胶体对荞麦无麸质馒头品质的影响

以甜荞粉和苦荞粉的总质量为基准，分别添加0.5%的羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)、k-卡拉胶(KARA)、瓜尔豆胶(GG)和魔芋胶(KGM)4种亲水胶体制作荞麦无麸质馒头。研究4种亲水胶体对荞麦无麸质面团发酵流变学特性及馒头品质特性的影响。结果表明：4种亲水胶体均可明显增加荞麦无麸质面团的高度、持气时间、发酵前后体积比，明显增加荞麦无麸质馒头的弹性、咀嚼性、回复性，降低硬度，改变馒头瓤颜色。KARA和KGM具有较高的品质综合评分。在0～6 d的贮藏期内，亲水胶体对荞麦无麸质馒头的硬度产生了明显影响，说明亲水胶体能够延缓馒头老化。     

亲水胶体对红芽芋全粉理化特性和消化特性的影响

分别将κ-卡拉胶、黄原胶和瓜尔胶3种亲水胶体以不同比例(0.4%、0.8%)与红芽芋全粉进行复配,研究两者复配后理化特性和消化特性的变化。结果表明,添加3种胶体后,复配体系的持水性、膨胀度和RVA值均有不同程度的提升,其持油性和回生值有所下降。κ-卡拉胶和瓜尔胶可降低体系析水率,提高冻融稳定性,而黄原胶只有在第3次冻融处理下能提高冻融稳定性。与空白组相比,3种胶体复配体系的硬度和咀嚼性下降,黏度上升。在消化特性结果中,添加3种胶体均可使易消化淀粉(RDS)含量降低,抗性淀粉(RS)含量升高,其中加入0.8%黄原胶能使RS质量分数从10.11%升至19.85%。     

不同胶体对玉米淀粉糊化及流变学特性的影响

通过对玉米淀粉中添加不同的胶体(果胶P、黄原胶XG、瓜尔豆胶GG、魔芋胶KGM、阿拉伯树胶AG、羟丙基甲基纤维素HPMC)，并测定其黏度、热力学及流变学特性的变化，探索不同胶体对玉米淀粉糊化及流变学特性的影响。结果表明：不同胶体与玉米淀粉的混合体系容易产生各种反应与相互作用，从而表现出不同的糊化及流变学特性。添加阿拉伯树胶后的混合胶体黏度变化速度降低，而添加其余胶体后混合体系的黏度均升高，添加黄原胶后混合胶体的起始黏度升高，而添加了其他的胶体后变化不大。在25～180℃，DSC结果表明：添加了果胶和黄原胶后的混合胶体起始温度升高，而其他的胶体均下降，且全部的终止温度都有提高。添加了不同胶体与原淀粉的混合体系均随剪切频率增大而出现剪切稀化现象，所以可以确定体系为假塑性流体。添加了果胶、黄原胶的胶体表观黏度小于原淀粉，而添加其他胶体(瓜尔豆胶、魔芋胶、阿拉伯树胶、羟丙基甲基纤维素)的混合体系均有不同程度地升高。玉米淀粉与添加胶体的混合体系的结构发生了一些变化，导致混合体系的特性也发生变化，结果显示添加了胶体(P和AG)后混合体系的硬度比原淀粉升高，添加其他的胶体均减小；添加了胶体(P和KM...     

增稠剂对冷冻面团品质影响的研究

以高筋粉及特一粉冷冻面团为对象,研究添加黄原胶、瓜尔豆胶、卡拉胶、聚丙烯酸钠增稠剂对冷冻面团拉伸特性、湿面筋含量、失水率及色泽的影响。结果表明：对于特一粉,黄原胶（0.3%）、瓜尔豆胶（0.8%）、卡拉胶（0.6%）、聚丙烯酸钠（0.05%）添加时,拉伸面积和湿面筋含量最高;对于高筋粉,黄原胶（0.2%）、瓜尔豆胶（1.2%）、卡拉胶（0.6%）、聚丙烯酸钠（0.05%）添加时,拉伸面积和湿面筋含量最高;冷冻面团加入增稠剂后,失水率有所减小,但规律性不强;随着黄原胶、瓜尔豆胶、聚丙烯酸钠添加量的增加,L值增大,面团亮度增强,但随着卡拉胶添加量的增加L值减小,面团亮度减弱。     

增稠剂对速冻水饺冻痕率影响的研究

复合使用魔芋胶、海藻酸钠、瓜儿豆胶、黄原胶,针对速冻水饺品质进行改良,通过响应面分析法优化增稠剂添加量,并分析其协同作用。从结果来看:在影响冻痕率方面,增稠剂的影响次序自小到大分别为黄原胶、海藻酸钠、瓜儿豆胶、魔芋胶;协同作用最为突出的是瓜儿豆胶和海藻酸钠,其次为瓜儿豆胶和黄原胶。海藻酸钠、黄原胶、瓜儿豆胶、魔芋胶添加量分别为0.034%、0.024%、0.033%、0.023%时,速冻水饺冻痕率为13.5%。     

瓜尔豆胶和黄原胶对淀粉理化性质的影响

为改善淀粉的加工品质特性,以玉米淀粉和甘薯淀粉为研究对象,将瓜尔豆胶和黄原胶分别以不同比例(0.1%~0.5%)与淀粉进行复配,系统研究亲水胶体对淀粉理化特性等的影响。结果表明,添加亲水胶体后,随着胶体浓度的增加,复配体系的透光率逐渐下降,凝沉稳定性增大,膨胀度增大,淀粉胶体的硬度下降。RVA分析表明,加入亲水胶体使复配体系的糊化温度升高,峰值黏度、崩解值和终值黏度增加,而甘薯淀粉-黄原胶混合体系的峰值黏度显著降低。     

不同改良剂对添加麸皮小麦粉面团的流变特性影响

为了探讨小麦粉改良剂对含麸皮小麦粉品质的影响,以添加麸皮的小麦粉(小麦粉88.5%,燕麦麸10.20%,小麦麸1.39%)为原料,在其中分别加入不同比例的谷朊粉、硬脂酰乳酸钠-钙(SSL-CSL)、沙蒿胶和瓜尔豆胶,用粉质仪和拉伸仪研究其对面团流变学特性的影响;在此基础上,采用正交试验,利用综合加权评分法进一步研究复合改良剂对添加麸皮小麦粉品质的影响。结果表明,不同改良剂能够改善面团流变性,复合改良剂的最优添加量为:SSL-CSL 0.5%、谷朊粉5%、沙蒿胶1.5%、瓜尔豆胶0.7%,其中对面团流变特性影响最大的是SSL-CSL,其次是谷朊粉和沙蒿胶,瓜尔豆胶影响最弱,此时小麦具有良好的粉质和拉伸特性。研究表明添加一定量的小麦粉改良剂能够显著改善该种小麦粉的品质和加工特性。     

Effect of hydrocolloids on the rheological, microscopic, mass transfer characteristics during frying and quality characteristics of puri

Effect of hydrocolloids such as guar gum (GG), arabic gum (AG), carrageenan (CG), locust bean gum (LBG), xanthan gum (XN), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) at 0.5% w/w level on rheological and quality parameters of puri from whole wheat flour was studied. Hydrocolloids like CMC, XN and HPMC increased the water absorption of puri dough, while it decreased in all other samples. The dough development time and mixing tolerance index values increased, while dough stability did not get affected. On addition of hydrocolloid, there was a reduction in the pasting temperature, while the peak viscosity, hot paste viscosity and cold paste viscosity values increased. Hardness, cohesiveness and adhesiveness properties of the puri dough increased with the addition of hydrocolloids. All the hydrocolloids used in general helped in retention of moisture in the puri and hence remained softer and pliable, while there was a significant reduction in the oil content of puri samples containing hydrocolloids. Among the different hydrocolloids used, addition of guar gum at 0.5% w/w level led to puris having improved quality characteristics to a greater extent with respect to moisture retention, lowering of oil content upon frying with softer and pliable texture and better keeping quality. The mass transfer studies confirmed that the mass transfer co-efficient values for moisture loss and oil uptake were lower in puris with guar gum than control.     

品质改良剂对复合杂粮面包粉流变学特性的影响

以营养优化后的复配杂粮面包粉为原料,选择谷朊粉、硬脂酰乳酸钠（sodium stearoyl lactylate,SSL）、黄原胶及瓜尔豆胶为品质改良剂,通过单因素试验研究4 种品质改良剂对杂粮面包粉流变学特性的影响,在此基础上通过响应面分析试验,以面团综合得分为响应值,得出复合改良剂的最佳配方为：1 000 g杂粮面包粉（杂粮粉占比34%）为基重,谷朊粉3.77%、SSL 0.35%、黄原胶1.08%、瓜尔豆胶0.35%。各因素对杂粮面包粉综合评分的影响大小为：黄原胶添加量＞谷朊粉添加量＞瓜尔豆胶添加量＞SSL添加量。添加复合改良剂后杂粮面包粉的稳定时间由4.7 min上升到14.2 min,形成时间由3.9 min上升到了13.3 min,粉质指数从56上升到192。复配杂粮面包粉流变学特性有很大程度改善,达到制作杂粮面包的粉质要求。     

3种改良剂种类对小麦复配粉粉质特性及面片品质影响的比较分析

为改善市售小麦粉（蛋白质11%）制作汤饭面片的面团特性和品质,在小麦粉中添加不同磷酸盐、食用胶类和淀粉,测定复配粉的糊化特性、面团特性以及面片复水后的品质比较。结果表明,磷酸盐能增加面粉峰值粘度、最低粘度、最终粘度、衰减值和回生值,对峰值时间、糊化温度影响不显著（p>0.05）。焦磷酸钠和三聚磷酸盐显著增加了面粉峰值粘度（p<0.05）;聚丙烯酸钠显著降低了面粉回生值和衰减值（p<0.05）,分别为767 cP、593 cP;马铃薯变性淀粉、木薯变性淀粉显著降低了面粉的回生值（p<0.05）。磷酸盐、食用胶对面团粉质特性有显著提高,淀粉降低了面团的粉质特性。六偏磷酸钠、三聚磷酸盐和焦磷酸钠弱化度最低,都为4 BU;聚丙烯酸钠、黄原胶弱化度最小分别为1 BU、4 BU。3种改良剂均能改善面片的剪切特性,除碳酸氢钠其他试验组能有效改善面片复水性和感官。三聚磷酸盐、黄原胶和马铃薯变性淀粉在试验组中对面片的硬度和延展性更好,复水性、品质和适口性更佳。综合评价：添加三聚磷酸盐、黄原胶和马铃薯变性淀粉能够较好的改善面团的特性和面片的品质,并能制作出适合加工新疆汤饭的方便面片。     

Combined Effect of Different Antistaling Agents on the Pasting Properties of Wheat Flour

The combined effect of α-amylase and hydrocolloids addition on the pasting properties of wheat flour was determined. A fungal α-amylase and hydrocolloids of different chemical structure (alginate, κ-carrageenan, xanthan gum, and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) were added to a wheat flour suspension and their pasting properties analysed by using a viscograph. The α-amylase action was highly dependent on the structure of the biopolymer present in the suspension, therefore the observed effects were very specific for each α-amylase-hydrocolloid pair added. The greatest modification of the pasting properties (maximum viscosity, cooking and cooling stabilities, bump area) was promoted with the addition of alginate, κ-carrageenan, and/or xanthan, nevertheless, when α-amylase was also added, a synergistic effect was only observed in the cases of κ-carrageenan and xanthan. The presence of hydrocolloids changed the wheat starch properties, and the α-amylase-starch interactions, modifying in consequence the hydrolytic activity of the enzyme on the starch.     

Influence of selected hydrocolloids on triticale starch rheological properties

The aim of the study was to define the influence of selected nonstarch polysaccharides (guar gum, xanthan gum and arabic gum) on several rheological properties of triticale starch pastes/gels, at constant polysaccharide concentration (6.5 g/100 g). These included pasting characteristics, flow curves at 50 °C and mechanical spectra at 25 °C. It was found that the presence of a gum in a system modified the rheological properties of triticale starch gels/pastes, depending on the type and concentration of the gums. In the case of guar and xanthan gums, higher pasting viscosity was observed and the shear stress was increased compared with native starch. The presence of guar gum reduced the degree of thixotropy hysteresis, negative values for this being found for systems with xanthan in spite of their shear‐thinning behaviour. Systems containing arabic gum displayed lower values of pasting and flow viscosity. The type and concentration of gums added to the polysaccharide influenced the viscoelastic properties of the gels.     

Exploring the applicability of tamarind gum for making gluten-free rice bread

The present study explored the applicability of tamarind gum in making gluten-free rice bread. Hydration properties of gums and pasting properties of rice flour with the gums were analyzed with Rapid ViscoAnalyzer. Batter properties and bread quality characteristics of rice bread containing gums were analyzed. Except for guar and xanthan gum, the final viscosity after hydration of other gums and the pasting properties of rice flour with the gums were similar. The batter properties and the quality of rice bread containing tamarind gum were equivalent or superior to those containing other gums. Cross-sections of rice bread showed that addition of tamarind gum and pectin resulted in a fine appearance, but pectin may not be preferred due to its lower pH causing unpleasant sour taste and smell of the rice bread containing the gum. Therefore, tamarind gum can be a useful gum for applying to make gluten-free rice bread.     

Utilization of Microvisco-Amylograph to Study Flour,Dough, and Bread Qualities of Hydrocolloid/Flour Blends

Changes in functionality of wheat flour blended with hydrocolloids (alginate, locust bean gum, guar gum, and xanthan) were investigated. Microvisco-amylograph and flour quality analyses were conducted and showed significant (p < 0.05) differences among samples. Correlation of microvisco-amylograph values with other parameters showed that microvisco-amylograph parameters (final viscosity, setback, breakdown, etc.) showed significant (p < 0.05) correlation with other parameters. Microvisco-amylograph breakdown was significantly (p < 0.05) and positively correlated with dough strength and loaf volume. Microvisco-amylograph end of cooling, final viscosity, setback, and breakdown were identified as valuable for determination of flour, dough, and bread qualities as impacted by addition of hydrocolloids.     

糯麦粉及转谷氨酰胺酶(TGase)在冷冻糯性糕团中的应用

以糯米粉和含10%(以粉质量计)糯麦粉的糯米-糯麦组合粉为研究对象,在研究不同添加量(0、0.5%、1%,以粉质量计)转谷氨酰胺酶(TGase)对其糊化特性影响的基础上,探讨TGase对这2种不同体系制得的糯性糕团样品所产生的影响,并对含TGase的糕团样品的冻藏特性进行研究。结果表明：与糯米粉相比,添加10%糯麦粉会使得组合粉的峰值黏度、低谷黏度和最终黏度相对降低。而经TGase处理后,组合粉的峰值黏度和最终黏度分别增加了15.19%和15.23%。在糯米粉中混入糯麦粉可降低糯性糕团的硬度,延缓样品老化。而添加TGase,可明显降低糯米粉和糯米-糯麦组合粉制作的糕团的塌陷度。此外,在用糯麦-糯米组合粉制作的糯性糕团中添加1% TGase,可使冻藏6周的糯性糕团仍保持90%的表面完好率。因此,通过糯麦粉和TGase的应用可制得抗老化的、弹性大且冻藏稳定性好的糯性糕团产品。