基于磁强计/陀螺的卡尔曼滤波定姿算法

针对基于磁强计的组合导航研究中,须事先确定滚转角这一不足,提出了一种磁强计和MEMS陀螺组合确定姿态的四元数卡尔曼滤波算法。利用陀螺测量的姿态角速率,结合磁强计输出的地磁分量测量值,运用卡尔曼滤波算法对三个姿态角同时进行最优估计,而不需要先验假设。仿真误差分析表明:姿态角解算结果具有较小的误差,且不随时间积累。     

旋转弹导航系统研究

旋转弹自转角速度大,由陀螺仪和加速度计组成的传统导航系统难以应用,提出用微小型加速度计构成无陀螺微惯性测量单元GFMIMU(Gyroscope-Free Micro Inertial Measurement U-nit)为旋转弹提供完整的导航信息。根据无陀螺的测量原理,充分利用多个加速度计的冗余输出信息构建自滤波系统,抑制GFMIMU角速度误差的快速发散。为克服GFMIMU长时间工作姿态角误差的积累,采用磁强计与其进行组合导航;从解算精度与实时性考虑,基于四元数描述建立了该组合寻航系统的状态方程和观测方程,并采用二阶插值滤波器进行信息融合。最后,对所设计的组合导航系统进行系统仿真,仿真结果验证了该系统设计方案的可行性。     

基于惯性系下陀螺误差在线估计修正的惯性与星光组合导航方法

传统惯性与星光组合通常需要将惯性系下的星光姿态信息转换到导航坐标系进而与惯性导航系统进行姿态组合,由于姿态信息转换过程中通常需要引入地理位置信息实现转换,从而不可避免地引入转换误差,无法充分发挥高精度星光姿态信息对惯性导航误差的修正作用。考虑到陀螺原始输出信息和星光姿态信息均能直接在惯性参考坐标系下测量获得,设计了一种基于惯性系下陀螺误差在线估计修正的惯性与星光组合导航方案。通过建立基于惯性系下陀螺误差估计修正的惯性与星光组合导航数学模型,直接在惯性系下对陀螺漂移误差进行在线开环跟踪估计;通过对陀螺误差实时修正,能够有效减小由于陀螺漂移所带来的惯性导航系统解算误差。仿真结果表明,该方案能够有效估计出陀螺的漂移误差,进而有效提高了惯性导航系统精度。     

基于非线性最小二乘法的姿态优化算法

在无陀螺捷联惯导系统中,在一种适合高自旋弹丸运动姿态测试的十二加速度计配置方案下,针对由十二加速度计的输出直接解算出角速度的方法中没考虑加速度计的安装误差问题,提出一种提高角速度解算精度的优化算法。该方法基于非线性最小二乘法从姿态角的一组初值出发开始在每一点处进行线性替代的迭代计算,搜索出满足极值点必要条件的最优角速度,从而实现对姿态角的优化解算。实验证明:该方法能有效抑制安装误差,精度高,是可行的。     

基于磁强计和陀螺的弹箭飞行姿态测试方法

提出了一种基于磁强计和陀螺的弹箭飞行姿态测试方法。利用地磁测量、陀螺测量和卡尔曼滤波器来解算姿态角的算法。设计一种基于地磁和陀螺的姿态测量系统,利用组合样机在三维无磁性转台上采集数据,分析和处理了实验数据,对卡尔曼滤波器进行了测试。结果表明:该算法可用于旋转飞行体的姿态测量。     

基于MTI的组合导航算法研究

推导了磁阻/DR的组合方法,利用加速度计与磁强计测量的载体姿态角适时的对陀螺所测的载体姿态角进行修正,抑制了陀螺所测量载体姿态角误差的迅速扩大.探讨了GPS/SINS组合导航系统中抗差自校正卡尔曼滤波的应用,并对此进行了仿真.最后的仿真结果表明:抗差自校正卡尔曼滤波效果优于标准卡尔曼滤波效果.     

地磁/陀螺复合测姿的模块化分析误差补偿方法

针对地磁传感器和硅微陀螺的复合姿态测控系统受外界复杂环境干扰,导致弹箭姿态控制精度低,提出利用模块化分析法,分模块对系统组成的MIMU模块、浮点DSP控制模块、AMR模块进行误差分析和补偿,提高了复合测姿系统的姿态测量精度。转台试验表明:该方法具有漂移小、稳定性好、精度高等优点。最后的姿态解算误差在2°左右,能够很好地反映弹体飞行姿态,对地磁传感器和硅微陀螺的工程应用提供了有效的方法。     

基于两磁传感器极值比值的弹体横滚姿态测量

针对高转速弹体飞行过程中的高速旋转,微惯性器件无法满足测量要求的问题,提出利用两个磁传感器组合测量姿态的方法.将磁传感器组合中的一个与弹轴成锐角安装,利用两磁传感器输出的极值信息,采用极值比值的方法确定姿态,无需知道地磁场强度且解算过程中只需要标量运算.与Thomas Harkins,David Hepner提出的零交叉法相比,姿态角信息多且是单值的.针对极值比值算法及磁传感器安装角度误差进行了仿真,仿真结果表明:该算法具有较高的精度,解算的姿态角与真实姿态角相符;对磁传感器的位置误差修正后,姿态角的解算精度有所提高.     

一种长航时捷联惯导系统单点综合校正方法

针对长航时捷联惯导系统的误差发散问题,提出一种基于惯性系的单点综合校正方法。采用GPS提供的位置信息和天文导航提供的航向信息构成外观测量。在建立动态误差模型过程中,利用外观测量信息对系数矩阵中的经度、纬度误差及天向失准角进行修正。相对于由惯导系统解算值确定系数矩阵的传统综合校正方法,该方法误差模型中系数矩阵的精度仅由外观测量信息精度决定,不引入惯导系统解算误差。该方法无需对载体运动进行限制,且陀螺常值漂移的估计精度不受校正间隔的影响。仿真结果表明了该方法的有效性。     

陀螺寻北仪的算法改进

陀螺寻北仪的算法改进采用基于二位置寻北算法.用转位对消常值漂移,并忽略惯性器件随机漂移误差项.将陀螺和加速度计的机械误差、物理量误差、标度因数及量化误差等测量值输入补偿模块,进行二位置寻北解算和转角误差补偿.实验表明本方法增强了寻北精度.     

Nitrosation and Nitration of Tetraacetyldibenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane

Tetraacetyldibenzylhitane (TADBIW) was subjected to debenzylation by nitrosating with inorganic materials available commercially to synthesize tetraacetyldinitrosohexaazaisowurtzitane (TADNSIW). TADNSIW was purified, and its structure was determined by FTIR, 1H NMR, MS and element analysis. The debenzylation reaction of TADBIW gave quantitative benzaldehyde as a by-product. This indicates that the reaction produces an imine cation as an intermediate. Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW) was prepared from unpurified TADNSIW with the yield over 96.0 % and the purity more than 98.0 %. And the mechanism of the reaction from TADNSIW to HNIW is proposed to be oxidation of nitroso and nitration of acetyl on the molecule of TADNSIW, This reaction system involved is simple, and the reaction can complete within a short time and under mild conditions. The product can be easily to separate and the waste disposed readily.     

A Robust Algorithm for Watermarking 2D Vector Maps with Low Shape-Distortions

The technique of watermarking has been introduced into 2D vector maps for many potential applications such as protecting the copyright of important GIS （geographical information system） data and tracing the data source of military maps. In most previous works, although the validity of the map data could be preserved during the embedding procedure, the shape-distortions of the map elements are usually neglected which would tend to degrade the invisibility of the watermarking schemes. A shape-preserving algorithm for watermarking 2D vector maps is presented in this paper. A 1D distance sequence extracted from the original map is adopted as the cover data instead of 2D coordinates. A watermark bit is represented by changing the distributions of the cover data. The embedding procedure induces lower shape-distortions than in former works. Experimental results indicate better invisibility of the proposed scheme, as well as its robustness to certain attacks such as map simplification, interpolation, additive noise and most geometric transforms.     

Open Rule-setting System Applied to Conceptual Design of Engines

Open rule-setting method advanced in this paper concentrates on providing designers of engines with a convenient way to express their design innovations and develop the expected prototypes in the early CAD stage, and constitute effective models for the following analysis process of CAE and CAPP. The problems arisen in the process of conceptual design with the traditional experience-based development method are analyzed. Based on those analyses, open rule-setting method is presented and some associated technical problems are discussed. The functional framework of open rule-setting system was built as software engineering methods. The speciality of the engine product as a kind of complex product and the requirement of the engine product based on its structural particularity to rule-setting system are considered carefully. A demonstration is supplied to illustrate how the open rule-setting method enhances the efficiency and quality of the engine conceptual design.     

Research on Linux Network Device Driver

By analyzing the working principle of Linux network device driver, discussing the Linux network driver structure and its key technologies, the general network driver structure and its design methodologies in Linux system are summarized. Through modifying the network device driver of Linux device driver 3rd version snull, c and improving the COW technology, the Zero-Copy technology in Linux （kernel version 2.6.11 ） is implemented. In the end, the success test tells us that the thorough analysis of network device driver is the foundation of many applications, and it also provides a certain improvement to a lot of real applications, even to military application development.     

Improvement and Experiment of the Reamer in Vibra Cutter Against Wave Edge of Titanium Sheet Alloy Parts

By analyzing the influencing factors of part quality making of sheet alloy of titanium by vibra cutter, the shape of upper reamer is set as cylinder and wedge-shaped form, and the lower reamer as plain and hemicycle form, and its main structural parameters are defined as well. Then it is validated further that such improved vibra cutter reamer can be used to process curve-edged parts of titanium alloy sheet. The experimental result shows that the titanium alloy sheet parts processed by above equipment have no sharpen angles for convex parts and evident crevasse of concave-edged part. In summary, such improvement can eliminate the free-waved edge and improve the manufacture quality of titanium alloy sheet parts greatly.     

Experimental Study on the Small Flyer Initiating Behavior of Fine-grained Explosives

The initiating behavior of fine-grained explosives by small flyer is studied. The diameter of small flyer in this device is 1 ram. The test results indicate that the granularity of explosives has great effect on its flyer initiating sensitivity.The flyer initiating sensitivity of the fine-grained explosives is higher and the critical initiating energy is lower than that of common explosives. For common explosive, the flyer initiating sensitivity increases as the density is reduced. But for the fine-grained explosive, the test results are exactly opposite.     

Stability of the Third Generation Intensifier under Illumination

The stability under illumination of transmission-mode GaAs photocathode sealed in the third generation intensifier is investigated by use of spectral response testing instruments. The variations of spectral response with the illumination times under weak and intense illumination are compared. The variations of photoemission performance parameters are also characterized. The results show that during initial several weak illuminations photocathode behaves no evident decay and a maximum sensitivity is achieved, while under intense illumination the sensitivity of photocathode begin to decrease largely at the first illumination. The calculated performance parameters show that the variation of surface escape probability with illumination times is a direct cause of instability of photocathode. It is also found that under intense illumination peak wavelength is moved towards short-wave and peak response is decreased, which shows that the ability of long-wave response of photocathode is decreased.     

Algorithm for Multi-laser-target Tracking Based on Clustering Fusion

Multi-laser-target tracking is an important subject in the field of signal processing of laser warners. A clustering method is applied to the measurement of laser warner, and the space-time fusion for measurements in the same cluster is accomplished. Real-time tracking of multi-laser-target and real-time picking of multi-laser-signal are introduced using data fusion of the measurements. A prototype device of the algorithm is built up. The results of experiments show that the algorithm is very effective.     

Robust Graded Sliding Mode Tracking Control for Low Speed Spinning Ballistic Missiles

The nonlinear dynamic model of spinning ballistic missiles is established during the first boosting phase of the missile. Based on the conventional backstepping sliding mode control and the assumption of a two time-scale separation of missile dynamics, a graded sliding mode controller is designed with two sub-sliding surfaces which have invariability to external disturbances and parameter perturbations, and a matrix which comprises three first order low pass filters is introduced to prevent ＂explosion of terms＂. Owing to the upper bounds of the uncertainties are difficult to obtain in advance, adaptive laws are introduced to estimate the values of the uncertainties in real-time. Eventually, the numerical simulation results given to show the proposed controller can ensure the steady flight of missiles.     

A Study on the Estimation of Aeroheating upon the Warhead Nose at Supersonic Speed

An expression for estimating the aeroheating on a warhead nose at different supersonic speeds is proposed by incorporating CFD （computational fluid dynamics） and the least-square method. Compared with the traditional estimation formula, the expression is more accurate, convenient and can be used in the optimized design of warheads. The error from the result obtained in the test of a ball cartridge flight is less than 3 %. It satisfies the engineering requirements.