Sn-Zn-Bi-(P,Nd)无铅钎料的微观组织及性能

研究了复合加入P,Nd元素的Sn-8Zn-3Bi钎料的微观组织、力学性能、抗氧化性及润湿性.结果表明,单独加入元素P会导致Sn-8Zn-3Bi钎料组织中出现初生Zn相,而同时加入元素P和Nd不仅能够抑制初生Zn相的形成,钎料组织也能够得到细化,因此钎料的塑性提高,断后伸长率达到48%.P,Nd元素的复合添加能够在钎料表面形成稳定的扩散阻挡层,抑制P元素在长时间加热条件下的烧损,进一步降低表面的氧化速度.由于钎料的抗氧化性提高,Sn-8Zn-3Bi-0.1P-0.05Nd钎料呈现出更好的润湿性.     

ZL102合金用低温软钎料的研究

Sn-9Zn共晶钎料可以用于钎焊钎焊性极差的铸造铝合金ZL102，在Sn-9Zn钎料的基础上添加In元素，以提高钎料对ZL102合金的润湿。本文对Sn-9Zn和Sn-9Zn-5In两种软钎料对ZL102合金润型，界面结合等方面进行研究，分析实验结果可知，Sn-9Zn-5In钎料的性能优于Sn-9Zn共晶钎料。     

In对Sn-8Zn-3Bi无铅钎料润湿性的影响

首先采用铺展法测试了Sn-8Zn-3Bi-(0～5)In钎料合金的铺展性.结果表明,少量In的加入提高了钎料的润湿性.当In含量达到0.5%时(质量分数,下同),钎料在铜基底上的铺展面积最大.采用气泡最大压力法对Sn-8Zn-3Bi-(0～1.5)In钎料熔体进行了表面张力测试.加入0.5%的In大大降低了Sn-8Zn-3Bi钎料熔体的表面张力,但进一步增加In的含量导致熔体表面张力增大.最后采用润湿平衡法对上述钎料进行了润湿力测试.结果表明0.5%In的加入使合金的润湿力达到最大,其原因是钎料/铜界面的界面张力减小.     

复合添加Ga,Al,Ag对Sn-9Zn钎料性能的影响

采用润湿平衡法研究了合金元素Ga,Al,Ag复合添加对Sn-9Zn钎料润湿性的影响.结果表明,Ga,Al,Ag的最佳添加量分别为0.2,0.002,0.25(质量分数,%);添加合金元素后钎料的高温抗氧化性能显著提高.俄歇电子能谱分析表明,Sn-9Zn-0.2Ga-0.002Al-0.25Ag钎料表面Al高度富集并形成一层致密的氧化膜,可阻挡氧向液态钎料内部扩散,减少钎料的氧化.Sn-9Zn-0.2Ga-0.002Al-0.25Ag钎料与Cu/Ni/Au基板之间的金属间化合物由一层平坦的AuZn3和颗粒状的AuAgZn2化合物组成.另外,微焊点力学试验表明,采用Sn-9Zn-0.2Ga-0.002Al-0.25Ag钎料时,电子元器件与基板间微焊点的力学性能比Sn-9Zn钎料略有提高.     

稀土Ce元素对Sn-Zn-Bi-Ag-Al无铅钎料性能的影响

为了改善Sn-9Zn-4Bi-0.5Ag-0.05Al无铅钎料的综合性能,文中通过添加稀土元素Ce,研究了Ce元素对无铅钎料的润湿性能、抗剪强度以及熔点的影响.结果表明,稀土Ce元素的加入明显改善了钎料的润湿性能.当Ce的添加量为0.05wt%时,润湿性能最佳,钎焊接头的抗剪切强度也有明显提高,但随着稀土Ce元素的加入...     

稀土铈在Sn-Zn无铅钎料表面的高温氧化行为

通过俄歇电子能谱法和X射线光电子能谱法研究了Sn-9Zn-0.15Ce和Sn-9Zn-0.002Al-0.2Ga-0.25Ag-0.15Ce两种钎料表面Ce元素的分布和存在形式.结果表明,铈在Sn-9Zn-0.15Ce钎料表面0~40 nm范围内的富集区浓度达到30%(原子分数)左右,是基体内部的250倍,主要以CeO2和Ce2O3形态存在.在Sn-9Zn-0.15Ce钎料中复合添加镓和铝后,Ga元素在钎料表面0~6 nm范围内富集,Al元素在表面2~20 nm范围内富集并主要以氧化态形式存在.Ce元素富集在距离钎料表面2~60 nm的范围内,处于Ga,Al元素富集层的下方;由Ga,Al元素富集层构成的致密保护膜可显著降低表面铈被氧化的概率.     

Al-Cu接头钎焊研究

通过时工艺性能、钎焊接头的力学性能及抗腐蚀性能等方面的研究，探讨了Al-Cu接头的钎焊。研究结果表明，Zn-40Sn-2Cu及Zn-55Sn-2.5Ag钎料配合铝反应钎剂可获得钎焊Al-Cu接头理想的效果，在钎料中添加微量的稀土有提高Al-Cu钎焊接头强度和抗腐蚀性的作用。     

6063铝合金低温无铅钎焊

添加质量分数为1%，2%，3%和4% 的Bi元素和1%的Ga元素到Sn-9Zn二元合金中制备新型低温无铅钎料，对热浸镀锌的6063铝合金进行钎焊连接。采用激光共聚焦显微镜、电子扫描显微镜、X射线衍射和维氏硬度计等进行钎焊接头显微组织观察、物相分析、显微硬度分析，通过与3种传统含铅钎料钎焊接头进行对比，研究Bi和Ga元素对接头界面组织及其形成机理的影响。研究结果表明，450 ℃的温度下浸沾10 s时镀锌情况良好，锌液和6063铝合金相互扩散。Bi，Ga元素的添加，改善了钎料的润湿性，Sn-9Zn-xBi-Ga/镀锌层/6063铝合金钎焊接头区存在Al0.71Zn0.29化合物颗粒；Sn87Zn9Bi3Ga钎料的钎焊接头显微硬度最高达到38.4 HV0.2，接头冶金结合最紧密，是比较适合6063铝合金低温钎焊的钎料。     

Ag,Al,Ga对Sn-9Zn无铅钎料润湿性能的影响

采用润湿平衡法测试了Sn-9Zn-X(X为Ag,Al,Ga)无铅钎料分别配合ZnCl2-NH4Cl钎剂和免清洗助焊剂,在空气和氮气保护的两种条件下的润湿性能,分析研究了合金元素Ag,Al,Ga的添加量对Sn-9Zn-X无铅钎料润湿性的影响规律.结果表明,合金元素Ag,Al,Ga在Sn-9Zn中的最佳添加量(质量分数)分别为0.3%,0.005%～0.02%,0.5%.采用氮气保护可以显著改善Sn-9Zn-X无铅钎料的润湿性,而Sn-9Zn-X无铅钎料配合ZnCl2-NH4Cl钎剂时具有较好的润湿性,甚至优于Sn-3.5Ag-0.5Cu在相同条件下的润湿性.这一研究结果表明,通过研发适合于Sn-Zn系无铅钎料的高性能助焊剂,从而改善Sn-Zn系钎料的润湿性能是完全可行的.     

合金元素对Sn-Zn系无铅钎料性能的影响

为了改善Sn-Zn系无铅钎料的综合性能,通过合金化的方法,运用正交试验法,研究了Bi、Ag、Al元素对Sn-9Zn系无铅钎料的润湿性能、抗剪强度以及熔点的影响.结果表明,钎料的润湿性随着Bi元素含量的增加而得到改善,钎料的剪切强度随着Ag元素含量的增多,先提高后降低,综合分析Sn-9zn-4 Bi-0.5Ag-0.05...     

The Inhibition of Tin Whiskers on the Surface of Sn-8Zn-3Bi-0.5Ce Solders

Through the refinement of the (Ce, Zn)Sn₃ intermetallic phase, the formation of tin whiskers, previously observed on the surface of a Sn-3Ag-0.5Cu-0.5Ce solder, was prevented in a Sn-9Zn-0.5Ce alloy. However, whisker growth can still occur on the surface of Sn-8Zn-3Bi-0.5Ce solder after air storage at room temperature and at 150 °C due to the formation of large (Ce, Zn)Sn₃ intermetallic clusters. Further experiments showed that decreasing the Bi-content in this Sn-8Zn-0.5Ce alloy to 1 and 2 wt.% can recover the beneficial effects of Zn additions on the refinement of the (Ce, Zn)Sn₃ phase and obviously reduce the appearance of tin whiskers. In addition, alloying the Sn-8Zn-3Bi-0.5Ce solder with 0.5 wt.% Ge, which increases the oxidation resistance of the (Ce, Zn)Sn₃ intermetallic clusters, can also effectively inhibit tin whisker growth.     

Effects of Zn,Zn-Al and Zn-P Additions on the Tensile Properties of Sn-Bi Solder

Effects of Zn, Zn-Al and Zn-P additions on melting points, microstructures, tensile properties, and oxidation behaviors of Sn-40 Bi lead-free solder were investigated. The experimental results show that the addition of these three types of elements can refine the microstructures and improve the ultimate tensile strength（UTS） of solder alloys. The fractographic analysis illustrates that ductile fracture is the dominant failure mode in tensile tests of Sn-40Bi-2Zn（SBZ）and Sn-40Bi-2Zn-0.005Al（SBZA） specimens, while brittle fracture is the controlled manner in Sn-40Bi-2Zn-0.005P（SBZP） and Sn-58 Bi solders. XPS analysis indicates that trace amounts of both Al and P additives in solder can improve the antioxidant capacity, whereas only the additive of Al in solder can reduce the thickness of oxidation film.     

Effect of Nd and La on surface tension and wettability of Sn-8Zn-3Bi solders

Maximum bubble pressure measurement was employed to evaluate surface tension of Sn-8Zn-3Bi- （0-0.15）Nd and Sn-8Zn-3Bi-（0 -0. 15）La solder melts. Wetting balance method was used to measure wetting force and wetting time on Cu substrate of the two group solders. The experimental results show that minute amount of Nd or La addition to Sn-8Zn-3Bi solder causes significant decrease of the surface tension of the solder melts at 200 - 240 ℃ and Nd addition is more effective on reduction of surface tension than that of La. Nd or La addition has the effect on enhancing the wetting force of the solder melts on Cu substrate, which results from the de- crease of interracial tension between the solder melt and Cu substrate. The wetting force reaches the maximum when 0.1% Nd is added to the base alloy. The contact angle between Sn-8Zn-3Bi base solders and Cu substrate decreases with the addition of Nd or La and the minimum of the contact angle is obtained from the solder with 0.1% Nd addition.     

The effect of reflow process variables on the wettability of lead-free solders

A quantitative dynamic solder wettability measurement was utilized to evaluate the effects of reflow processing on the wettability parameters associated with the lead-free solders 96.5Sn-3.5Ag and 58Bi-42Sn. Solder wettability was determined with respect to the final degree of spread and the extent of solder wetting onto the terminal areas of surface-mount components. The solder alloy composition of 96.5Sn-3.5Ag exhibited better wetting characteristics than the 58Bi-42Sn alloy. This wetting behavior was enhanced under the reflow conditions of a nitrogen atmosphere and the use of a gold metallization. The wetting of the conventional 63Sn-37Pb solder alloy was improved over the comparatively processed 58Bi-42Sn alloy. However, the 63Sn-37Pb solder alloy displayed a greater sensitivity to reflow atmosphere than the 96.5Sn-3.5Ag alloy, which generally exhibited better wetting characteristics than the Sn-Pb alloy.     

近强磁场作用对Sn-9Zn钎料合金组织性能的影响

运用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、显微硬度计等仪器设备,研究了0.8 T近强磁场作用对Sn-9Zn钎料合金组织和性能影响。研究结果表明：近强磁场可促进Sn-9Zn钎料合金显微组织显著细化,使熔化温度下降2℃,显微硬度提高11%。分析认为,由于外加磁场可促进Sn-9Zn钎料合金在特定晶面迅速结晶形核以及作用于液态钎料合金的的洛仑兹力对钎料作负功,从而促进Sn-9Zn钎料合金组织和性能的改变。     

Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu-xNi无铅焊料及焊点的性能

研究了Ni元素对Sn-3.0Ag.0.5Cu无铅钎料熔点、润湿性、拉伸性能及焊点性能的影响.结果表明,镍的添加对Sn-3.OAg-0.5Cu钎料的润湿性有所改善,添加量为0.03%～0.1%时,随着镍含量的增加,润湿时间逐渐递减,润湿力逐渐增大,镍含量在0.05%时润湿时间最短,镍含量在O.1%时润湿力最大.但当镍含量到0.15%时,润湿时间反而增长,润湿力下降;镍提高了合金的抗拉强度、断后伸长率及焊点的抗剪强度.当镍含量为0.05%时,抗拉强度最高,当镍含量为0.1%时,断后伸长率和抗剪强度最高,扫描断口表现为明显的韧性断裂特征;镍的添加量为0.05%~0.1%效果较好.     

稀土元素Nd对Sn-9Zn无铅钎料性能的影响

研究了添加稀土元素Nd对Sn-9Zn无铅钎料的润湿性能、显微组织和焊点力学性能的影响.结果表明,Nd元素的加入改善了钎料的润湿性能,质量分数为0.06%时,钎料的润湿力最大,润湿时间最短,润湿性能达到最佳.随着Nd元素的加入,钎料的基体组织得到细化,富锌相逐渐减少,当元素Nd的添加量大于0.06%时,钎料的显微组织中出现小块状稀土元素Nd和Sn的金属间化合物.无铅钎料Sn-9Zn中稀土元素Nd的添加量为0.06%时,剪切力和拉伸力达到最大,分别提高了19.6%和26.6%,力学性能最佳.