复合添加Ga,Al,Ag对Sn-9Zn钎料性能的影响

采用润湿平衡法研究了合金元素Ga,Al,Ag复合添加对Sn-9Zn钎料润湿性的影响.结果表明,Ga,Al,Ag的最佳添加量分别为0.2,0.002,0.25(质量分数,%);添加合金元素后钎料的高温抗氧化性能显著提高.俄歇电子能谱分析表明,Sn-9Zn-0.2Ga-0.002Al-0.25Ag钎料表面Al高度富集并形成一层致密的氧化膜,可阻挡氧向液态钎料内部扩散,减少钎料的氧化.Sn-9Zn-0.2Ga-0.002Al-0.25Ag钎料与Cu/Ni/Au基板之间的金属间化合物由一层平坦的AuZn3和颗粒状的AuAgZn2化合物组成.另外,微焊点力学试验表明,采用Sn-9Zn-0.2Ga-0.002Al-0.25Ag钎料时,电子元器件与基板间微焊点的力学性能比Sn-9Zn钎料略有提高.     

Bi、Ag对Sn-Zn无铅钎料性能与组织的影响

研究了Bi、Ag对Sn-9Zn无铅钎料系统润湿性、接头力学性能及微观组织的影响。结果表明:Sn-9Zn无铅钎料的润湿性较差,添加适量的Bi有助于提高钎料的润湿性和接头剪切强度,但同时也使接头的塑性降低;添加适量的Ag能明显改善钎料的润湿性和接头塑性,但Ag的质量分数超过1.5%时会降低钎料润湿性和接头剪切强度。Sn-9Zn-Bi系无铅钎料组织由富Sn相、富Zn相及Bi的析出物组成;Sn-9Zn-Ag系无铅钎料组织由富Sn相、富Zn相及AgZn3化合物组成。     

In对Sn-8Zn-3Bi无铅钎料润湿性的影响

首先采用铺展法测试了Sn-8Zn-3Bi-(0～5)In钎料合金的铺展性.结果表明,少量In的加入提高了钎料的润湿性.当In含量达到0.5%时(质量分数,下同),钎料在铜基底上的铺展面积最大.采用气泡最大压力法对Sn-8Zn-3Bi-(0～1.5)In钎料熔体进行了表面张力测试.加入0.5%的In大大降低了Sn-8Zn-3Bi钎料熔体的表面张力,但进一步增加In的含量导致熔体表面张力增大.最后采用润湿平衡法对上述钎料进行了润湿力测试.结果表明0.5%In的加入使合金的润湿力达到最大,其原因是钎料/铜界面的界面张力减小.     

微量Ge、Bi元素对Sn-0.7Cu-0.05Ni无铅钎料微观组织及性能的影响

通过Sn-0.7Cu-0.05Ni-0.05Ge钎料及Sn-0.7Cu-0.05Ni-0.5Bi钎料的微观组织分析及性能测试,研究了Ge、Bi元素对Sn-0.7Cu-0.05Ni钎料本特性及微观组织的影响。结果表明,Ge不与Cu或Sn发生反应,均匀弥散地分布于钎料中,增加了形核点,晶粒尺寸变小;Bi使晶粒变得均匀整齐,共晶相没有增加;Ge、Bi均提高了钎料的力学性能。Ge优先与氧原子发生反应形成保护膜,使钎料的抗氧化性提高,减小了液态钎料的表面张力,提高了润湿性,而Bi元素则相反。添加Ge、Bi元素后,界面反应程度增大,结合强度增强。     

添加铜对Sn-9Zn无铅钎料性能的影响

采用向钎料合金熔体中添加铜粉的方法得到了原位生长金属间化合物颗粒增强的Sn-Zn基复合无铅钎料,并对其熔化行为、组织、力学性能和在铜基体上的润湿性进行了研究.差示扫描量热计(DSC)测量结果表明,少量铜粉对Sn-9Zn的熔点影响较小,但铜粉添加量达3%时将使其熔点急剧升高.铜粉的添加使Sn-9Zn钎料中形成了较均匀分布的Cu5Zn8化合物颗粒相,同时棒状富Zn相相应减少.力学性能测试结果显示,复合钎料的抗拉强度和塑性都得到了改善,抗蠕变性能显著提高;润湿性测量表明,复合钎料对铜的润湿性也有所改善.     

低熔点Sn-Zn-Bi无铅钎料的组织和性能

研究了Sn—Zn—Bi钎料的组织、相变及润湿性．在Sn-9Zn二元共晶的基础上加入质量分数为(2～10)％的Bi,合金结晶过程中形成富Zn的初生相．这导致合金的结晶温度降低,也标志着熔点的降低,但熔程扩大．在加Bi基础上,适当降低Zn的含量则可以缩小熔程,且熔点无明显变化．Bi的加入明显改善了Si—Zn系钎料的润湿性,提高了钎料在Cu基底上的铺展面积,缩短了润湿时间．钎料中Zn原子向Cu基底的扩散而形成扩散反应层,导致钎料熔体／Cu界面能的下降．因此,钎料中Zn含量提高,其在Gu基底上的铺展面积增大,润湿力提高．而由于扩散过程需要一定时间,导致润湿时间延长．因此,必须合理控制Zn的含量以获得铺展性与润湿时间的良好匹配．     

稀土元素Nd对Sn-9Zn无铅钎料性能的影响

研究了添加稀土元素Nd对Sn-9Zn无铅钎料的润湿性能、显微组织和焊点力学性能的影响.结果表明,Nd元素的加入改善了钎料的润湿性能,质量分数为0.06%时,钎料的润湿力最大,润湿时间最短,润湿性能达到最佳.随着Nd元素的加入,钎料的基体组织得到细化,富锌相逐渐减少,当元素Nd的添加量大于0.06%时,钎料的显微组织中出现小块状稀土元素Nd和Sn的金属间化合物.无铅钎料Sn-9Zn中稀土元素Nd的添加量为0.06%时,剪切力和拉伸力达到最大,分别提高了19.6%和26.6%,力学性能最佳.     

铋和磷元素对Sn-Zn-RE电子微连接钎料组织与性能的影响

制备了含不同Bi,P元素的（Sn-9Zn0.05Ce）xBi和（Sn-9Zn0.05Ce）xP钎料合金,观察并分析了钎料的显微组织形貌,测试了钎料的抗拉强度、断后伸长率以及维氏硬度.结果表明,添加Bi元素能显著提高Sn-9Zn0.05Ce钎料合金的抗拉强度和硬度,但同时会明显降低其断后伸长率,而添加微量P元素对钎料的抗...     

快速凝固对Sn-8Zn-3Bi合金特性及高温时效钎料/铜焊点结构演变的影响（英文）

研究了快速凝固工艺对Sn-8Zn-3Bi合金显微组织和熔化特性的影响,分析了经150°C高温时效后钎料/铜焊点显微组织演变以评估连接的可靠性。结果表明:经快速凝固后,Sn-8Zn-3Bi合金中的Bi完全固溶于Sn基体并形成枝晶结构;与常规熔铸态合金相比,Bi在Sn基体中的过饱和固溶导致快速凝固态钎料的熔点上升至接近Sn-Zn共晶合金熔点,但同时减小了由于Bi添加对Sn-Zn合金熔化行为产生的不利影响,钎料/铜焊点界面金属间化合物(IMC)层更为致密和均匀;使用快速凝固态钎料能够显著抑制高温时效过程中钎料/铜焊点界面IMC的形成与生长并改善其界面高温稳定性。     

微量Nd对Sn-6.5Zn合金及钎料/Cu界面结构的影响

研究了微量稀土元素Nd的添加对Sn-6.5Zn合金组织及钎料/Cu焊点界面金属间化合物(IMC)特征的影响.结果表明:微量Nd元素在Sn-6.5Zn钎料中的添加能够显著细化合金组织和形成均匀细密界面IMC层;添加0.1 wt％Nd元素即能促进钎料/Cu焊点界面反应及界面区域成分的均匀性.     

Effect of Nd and La on surface tension and wettability of Sn-8Zn-3Bi solders

Maximum bubble pressure measurement was employed to evaluate surface tension of Sn-8Zn-3Bi- （0-0.15）Nd and Sn-8Zn-3Bi-（0 -0. 15）La solder melts. Wetting balance method was used to measure wetting force and wetting time on Cu substrate of the two group solders. The experimental results show that minute amount of Nd or La addition to Sn-8Zn-3Bi solder causes significant decrease of the surface tension of the solder melts at 200 - 240 ℃ and Nd addition is more effective on reduction of surface tension than that of La. Nd or La addition has the effect on enhancing the wetting force of the solder melts on Cu substrate, which results from the de- crease of interracial tension between the solder melt and Cu substrate. The wetting force reaches the maximum when 0.1% Nd is added to the base alloy. The contact angle between Sn-8Zn-3Bi base solders and Cu substrate decreases with the addition of Nd or La and the minimum of the contact angle is obtained from the solder with 0.1% Nd addition.     

The Inhibition of Tin Whiskers on the Surface of Sn-8Zn-3Bi-0.5Ce Solders

Through the refinement of the (Ce, Zn)Sn₃ intermetallic phase, the formation of tin whiskers, previously observed on the surface of a Sn-3Ag-0.5Cu-0.5Ce solder, was prevented in a Sn-9Zn-0.5Ce alloy. However, whisker growth can still occur on the surface of Sn-8Zn-3Bi-0.5Ce solder after air storage at room temperature and at 150 °C due to the formation of large (Ce, Zn)Sn₃ intermetallic clusters. Further experiments showed that decreasing the Bi-content in this Sn-8Zn-0.5Ce alloy to 1 and 2 wt.% can recover the beneficial effects of Zn additions on the refinement of the (Ce, Zn)Sn₃ phase and obviously reduce the appearance of tin whiskers. In addition, alloying the Sn-8Zn-3Bi-0.5Ce solder with 0.5 wt.% Ge, which increases the oxidation resistance of the (Ce, Zn)Sn₃ intermetallic clusters, can also effectively inhibit tin whisker growth.     

Effects of Zn,Zn-Al and Zn-P Additions on the Tensile Properties of Sn-Bi Solder

Effects of Zn, Zn-Al and Zn-P additions on melting points, microstructures, tensile properties, and oxidation behaviors of Sn-40 Bi lead-free solder were investigated. The experimental results show that the addition of these three types of elements can refine the microstructures and improve the ultimate tensile strength（UTS） of solder alloys. The fractographic analysis illustrates that ductile fracture is the dominant failure mode in tensile tests of Sn-40Bi-2Zn（SBZ）and Sn-40Bi-2Zn-0.005Al（SBZA） specimens, while brittle fracture is the controlled manner in Sn-40Bi-2Zn-0.005P（SBZP） and Sn-58 Bi solders. XPS analysis indicates that trace amounts of both Al and P additives in solder can improve the antioxidant capacity, whereas only the additive of Al in solder can reduce the thickness of oxidation film.     

Ag的添加量对Sn-9Zn无铅钎料性能的影响

研究Ag的添加量对Sn-9Zn无铅钎料性能的影响规律。结果表明,Ag不仅对Sn-9Zn无铅钎料的润湿性能和显微组织有明显作用,而且对钎料接头的力学性能也有较大的影响。添加0.3%Ag (质量分数, 下同)后,钎料的抗氧化性能得到提高,因此钎料的润湿性能得到改善。Sn-9Zn-0.3Ag具有比Sn-9Zn钎料更均匀的组织。研究结果还表明,添加0.3%Ag后,钎料接头的力学性能最佳,接头断口显示有大量的细小均匀的韧窝组织。当Ag的添加量添加到1%时,在韧窝底部出现Cu-Zn、Ag-Zn金属间化合物,此时,接头力学性能下降     

Solderability and intermetallic compounds formation of Sn-9Zn-xAg lead-free solders wetted on Cu substrate

The eutectic Sn-9Zn alloy was doped with Ag (0 wt.%-1 wt.%) to form Sn-9Zn-xAg lead-free solder alloys. The effect of the addition of Ag on the microstructure and solderability of this alloy was investigated and intermetallic compounds (IMCs) formed at the solder/Cu interface were also examined in this study. The results show that, due to the addition of Ag, the microstructure of the solder changes. When the quantity of Ag is lower than 0.3 wt.%, the needle-like Zn-rich phase decreases gradually. However, when the quantity of Ag is 0.5 wt.%-1 wt.%, Ag-Zn intermetallic compounds appear in the solder. In particular, adding 0.3 wt.% Ag improves the wetting behavior due to the better oxidation resistance of the Sn-9Zn solder. The addition of an excessive amount of Ag will deteriorate the wetting property because the glutinosity and fluidity of Sn-9Zn-(0.5, 1)Ag solder decrease. The results also indicate that the addition of Ag to the Sn-Zn solder leads to the precipitation of ε-AgZn₃ from the liquid solder on preformed interfacial intermetallics (Cu₅Zn₈). The peripheral AgZn₃, nodular on the Cu₅Zn₈ IMCs layer, is likely to be generated by a peritectic reaction L + γ-Ag₅Zn₈ → ɛ-AgZn₃ and the following crystallization of AgZn₃.     

ZL102合金用低温软钎料的研究

Sn-9Zn共晶钎料可以用于钎焊钎焊性极差的铸造铝合金ZL102，在Sn-9Zn钎料的基础上添加In元素，以提高钎料对ZL102合金的润湿。本文对Sn-9Zn和Sn-9Zn-5In两种软钎料对ZL102合金润型，界面结合等方面进行研究，分析实验结果可知，Sn-9Zn-5In钎料的性能优于Sn-9Zn共晶钎料。     

Ga、Al对Sn-Zn钎料耐蚀及高温抗氧化性能的影响

采用侵蚀失重法研究Ga、Al对Sn-9Zn钎料在3.5%NaCl水溶液中耐腐蚀性的影响.结果表明,添加Ga元素后,腐蚀产物的粘附性提高,均匀覆盖在钎料表面上,提高了钎料的耐蚀性能;添加Al以后,Zn和Al被选择性腐蚀,腐蚀随着Al含量的增加而加剧.采用热重分析(TGA)和俄歇电子能谱(AES)研究Ga、Al对Sn-9Zn钎料高温抗氧化性的影响.结果表明,Ga可在钎料表面形成一层集肤层;Al可在钎料表面形成一层致密的氧化膜,两者均可阻挡空气中的氧向钎料内部扩散,从而大大改善钎料的高温抗氧化性.     

Cu/Sn-58Bi-xEr_2O_3/Cu钎焊接头微观组织和力学性能的研究

研究了不同含量的纳米Er_2O_3颗粒对Sn-58Bi钎料的铺展性能、钎焊接头微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,添加微量的纳米Er_2O_3颗粒细化了Sn-58Bi钎料的微观组织、改善了Sn-58Bi钎料的铺展性能和力学性能。当纳米Er_2O_3颗粒的添加量为0.075%(质量分数)时,Sn-58Bi复合钎料得到了最佳的铺展性能,比Sn-58Bi钎料的铺展系数增大了5.1%;当添加量为0.05%(质量分数)时,Sn-58Bi钎料的组织明显细化且到了最大的抗拉强度89 MPa,比Sn-58Bi共晶钎料的抗拉强度增大了11.5%。