油酸修饰PbS纳米微粒的原位合成与抗磨性能研究

将纳米材料作为润滑添加剂已经成为当前摩擦学研究的热点.为了制备具有良好抗磨性和分散性的纳米添加剂,对油酸修饰PbS纳米微粒的合成方法与润滑性能进行了研究.在液体石蜡中原位合成了油酸修饰的PbS纳米微粒,将其在离心机中离心后可获得稳定的溶液.采用红外光谱、透射电子显微镜(TEM)对产物结构和形貌进行了表征,利用四球摩擦磨损试验机对其作为润滑油添加荆的抗磨性能进行了评价,并用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对磨斑表面形貌进行了观察.在试验基础上,探讨了纳米微粒在溶液中的稳定机制.结果表明,原位合成的PbS微粒表面有油酸修饰层存在,从而使其在液体石蜡中具有良好的分散性能,粒度小于15nm,油酸修饰的PbS纳米微粒作为添加剂在液体石蜡中的添加量为0.3%(质量分数)时的磨斑直径最小,磨斑表面光滑平整.     

硬脂酸修饰LaPO4和Ce/LaPO4纳米微粒的制备及其摩擦学性能

采用共沉淀表面修饰法,制备了硬脂酸修饰LaPO4和Ce/LaPO4纳米微粒,用红外光谱仪、X射线衍射和透射电子显微镜对表面修饰纳米微粒的结构、形貌进行了表征,考察了表面修饰纳米微粒在溶剂中的分散性,利用四球试验机考察了表面修饰纳米微粒的摩擦学性能,并用扫描电镜对钢球磨斑表面形貌进行了分析.结果表明,硬脂酸修饰LaPO4...     

添加剂Ni-B非晶合金纳米微粒的制备及其摩擦学性能

非晶合金纳米粒子具有许多特殊功能,但摩擦领域尚未见其应用报道.采用液相还原法制备了Ni-B非晶合金纳米微粒,利用四球摩擦磨损试验机考察了Ni-B非晶合金纳米微粒作为润滑脂添加剂的摩擦学行为,并用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能量散射谱(EDS)等对钢球摩擦表面进行了分析.结果表明:所制备的Ni-B非晶合金纳米微粒平均粒径约30 nm,表面被氧化;作为润滑油添加剂能够明显提高基础油的减摩抗磨能力,尤其当浓度为1.0%时,磨斑直径从0.54 mm降至0.38 mm.其抗磨减摩机理为:Ni-B非晶态合金纳米微粒在摩擦过程中沉积并发生摩擦化学反应,生成由氧化镍、氧化硼、铁氧化合物及有机吸附物组成的具有良好摩擦学性能的润滑防护膜,从而改善了基础脂的摩擦学性能.     

十二烷基硫醇修饰CuS纳米颗粒的制备及其摩擦学性能

为了考察表面修饰CuS纳米颗粒作为润滑脂添加剂的摩擦润滑性能,采用十二烷基硫醇对CuS纳米微粒进行表面修饰。用X射线衍射分析修饰CuS微粒的物相,用透射电镜及FTIR分析其表面形貌和成分,采用摩擦磨损试验评价了修饰CuS纳米微粒在锂基润滑脂中的摩擦性能。结果表明:十二烷基硫醇修饰CuS纳米微粒的粒径只有几个纳米,作为添加剂在锂润滑脂中具有良好的减摩性能,但抗磨性能较差;修饰CuS在摩擦过程中发生了摩擦化学反应,生成了FeS,从而有效地降低了摩擦系数,但增大了磨损。     

可分散性纳米二氧化硅补强硅橡胶的性能

以表面改性的可分散性(DNS)系列二氧化硅纳米微粒为研究对象,考察了其对硅橡胶力学性能的影响,Payne效应分析了其在硅橡胶中形成网络结构,并与气相白炭黑填充硅橡胶体系做了对比。结果表明,由于SiO2纳米微粒表面包覆有有机基团,无需加入分散剂,DNS系列纳米二氧化硅在硅橡胶中分散性好,与硅橡胶相容性好,对硅橡胶有较强的补强效果,在相同添加量的情况下,DNS系列二氧化硅纳米微粒补强的硅橡胶的拉伸强度、撕裂强度、扯断伸长率等力学性能都优于气相白炭黑。     

二氧化硅纳米微粒对达克罗涂层性能的影响

将纳米SiO2微粒加入到达克罗涂层中制备出了复合涂层,利用SEM、EDS、XRD等分析方法对添加纳米微粒前后的涂层做了显微表征和分析.结果表明,复合涂层的硬度、抗划伤性、摩擦性能和耐腐蚀性都有不同程度的提高,且涂层保留了本身的优点,外观、耐水性、附着强度等都未受影响;从不同角度探讨了纳米微粒提高涂层性能的方法和原因.     

纳米TiO2和SiO2填充EVA复合材料的结构与性能

采用一步法制备出EVA/纳米T iO2及EVA/纳米S iO2复合材料,研究纳米微粒在EVA基体中的分散性、结构变化及对力学性能、流变性能的影响。结果表明,加入的纳米微粒粒径越小,纳米粉体在基体中的分散就会更加均匀,分散微粒的粒径也会更小;纳米微粒和硅烷偶联剂之间,硅烷偶联剂和EVA之间会形成一定的键合结构。适量的纳米微粒能够改变断裂机理,有效地提高材料的力学性能,降低熔体的表观黏度,从而改善加工流动性。     

室温离子液体中铜纳米微粒的制备及表征

在氩气保护下,以室温离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐{[BMI][PF6]}为介质,用钠-钾合金还原氯化亚铜,制备了铜纳米微粒.利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、傅立叶转换红外吸收光谱仪(FTIR)及X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)表征了所制备铜纳米微粒的形貌和结构;采用UMT-2摩擦磨损试验机考察了铜纳米微粒对离子液体减摩抗磨性能的影响.结果表明:在40℃下反应1 h所制得的铜纳米微粒具有立方相结构,其粒径在40～50 nm之间,粒径分布比较均匀;铜纳米微粒反而使得离子液体[BMI][PF6]的减摩抗磨性能变差,显示两者具有对抗效应,不宜复配使用.     

表面修饰纳米TiO2的自修复性能研究

制得了以油酸修饰的纳米TiO2粒子,并使其稳定地分散在基础油中.利用HQ-1摩擦磨损试验机考察了纳米TiO2的自修复性能,并探讨了其自修复机理.试验结果表明:经修饰后的纳米TiO2润滑添加剂具有良好的分散性、减摩抗磨性和自修复性.     

EVA/TiO2纳米复合材料的制备与性能研究

采用一步法制备出EVA/TiO2纳米复合材料,利用FESEM、FTIR、SEM等测试手段表征纳米TiO2微粒在EVA基体中的分散性,并研究其力学性能及流变性能.结果表明,TiO2微粒以20～60 nm的粒径分散于EVA基体之中,并与EVA形成化学键合结构,断裂时脆性转变为韧性.当纳米TiO2填充量为5%时,拉伸强度提高22.6%,纳米TiO2填充量为1%时,断裂伸长率提高10.1%.本实验中制备的纳米复合熔体表观粘度低于纯EVA,熔点变化较少,有效改善了加工流动性.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.