富硒黄豆和绿豆芽苗菜生产工艺研究

以黄豆和绿豆作为研究材料,设置不同的氨基酸硒水溶制剂浸种和喷淋浓度处理,研究富硒芽苗菜的生产工艺。结果表明,氨基酸硒水溶制剂浸种和喷淋均可以显著提高黄豆和绿豆芽苗菜的硒含量,且绿豆芽苗菜的硒含量显著高于黄豆芽苗菜。在一定浓度范围内,氨基酸硒水溶制剂喷淋和浸种可以提高黄豆和绿豆芽苗菜的生物量、轴径、胚轴长、胚根长、游离氨基酸含量和可溶性蛋白含量。综合分析,适宜的氨基酸硒水溶制剂浸种和喷淋浓度进行黄豆和绿豆芽苗菜的生产,不仅显著提高了芽苗菜中硒的含量,同时促进了生长,提高了游离氨基酸含量和可溶性蛋白含量,改善了品质。     

富硒益生菌及其发酵食品的研究进展

硒是人体必需的微量元素之一,在提高免疫力、抗氧化、抗癌等方面都有优良的功效,但无机硒存在一定的毒性,因此无法成 为理想的硒源。微生物具有富集微量元素的功能,能将无机硒转化为低毒性的有机硒,而一些益生菌本身也具有提高免疫力、抗氧化 等生物活性,并且富硒之后其抗氧化性、抗菌活性和抗癌活性等均显著提高,因此富硒益生菌应用前景广阔。该文主要从益生菌对硒 的富集与转化机制,富硒益生菌的生理活性以及富硒益生菌发酵食品方面的研究进展进行综述,为富硒益生菌的开发与富硒发酵食 品的生产应用提供理论支撑。     

荞麦富硒萌发过程中生理变化比较研究

试验选用苦荞和甜荞麦为原料,比较研究二者富硒萌发过程中的生理变化。研究结果表明整个富硒萌发过程中,荞麦中的可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和MDA含量呈下降趋势;总硒和游离氨基酸含量则呈上升趋势,酶活性和GSH含量先上升后下降,且甜荞和苦荞的变化总趋势相同。富硒萌发过程中苦荞的POD活性、GSH、MDA、游离氨基酸和可溶性蛋白含量均高于甜荞,而甜荞的CAT活性、SOD活性、总硒和可溶性糖含量高于苦荞。在富硒萌发72 h,苦荞和甜荞比籽粒总硒含量分别提高了6.95%和7.11%, 36 h时POD活性分别提高了1.88倍和1.54倍, 24 h时SOD活性分别提高了59.14%和43.33%, 24 h后GSH含量分别提高了20.57%和46.60%等,说明荞麦富硒萌发后具有更强的抗氧化能力。     

硒的生理功能及富硒产品研究进展

硒是人体必需的微量元素,具有降血压、调节免疫、防癌抗癌、抗动脉硬化等重要的生理作用,适量补充硒可有效提高机体的抗氧化能力、增强机体代谢和免疫力。该文综述硒的生理作用及我国富硒产品的开发现状并进行展望,为硒的进一步深入研究和科学、有方向性开发富硒食品提供依据。     

富硒酸奶的研究现状

硒（selenium,Se）是人体必需的微量元素之一,具有抗氧化、抗癌、抗菌、增强免疫力等功能。通过在牛奶中添加硒化合物经乳酸菌发酵形成营养价值和安全性高的富硒酸奶。从富硒酸奶的发酵条件、理化性质、硒的化学形态以及生物活性等方面进行综述,并对可以基于生理代谢途径和现代分子技术开展的乳酸菌转化牛奶中硒的代谢机理研究进行展望。     

富硒发酵香肠的工艺研究

在普通发酵香肠的基础上添加富硒活性乳酸菌发酵剂,通过改进发酵香肠生产工艺,研究开发功能性富硒发酵肉制品。通过活性乳酸菌的生物转化,使其富集成有机硒,再把富硒活性乳酸菌发酵剂加工制成富硒功能性香肠。通过对不同菌种的富硒试验和富硒发酵剂配方及工艺的研究,得出最佳发酵剂的配方：硒添加量为10μg/ml的乳酸片球菌发酵剂,在38℃的恒温箱培养36h,发酵剂的硒转化率为96.14%。富硒发酵香肠的配方与工艺：富硒发酵剂接种量为1%,灌装的富硒香肠在37℃条件下发酵36h,经烘干、蒸煮等工艺,硒的转化率为100%,此时富硒发酵香肠的硒含量达到100μg/kg,产品具有较高的硒含量和较好的品质。     

发展富硒食品产业，推进绿色康养产业

<正>食品是推进绿色康养的重要环节,富硒食品是富含微量元素硒的食品,具有提高人体免疫、促进淋巴细胞增殖等方面的作用。基于此,本文提出了引进人才、加强对富硒食品的宣传、强化资源整合3方面的措施,发展富硒食品产业,推进绿色康养产业的发展。富硒食品中的硒是人体必需的微量元素,对结肠癌、皮肤癌、肝癌等病症具有抑制和防护作用,常见的富硒食品有鸡蛋、蘑菇等,富硒食品对     

富硒食品的开发

硒作为人体必需的微量元素, 在维持人体健康中有重要生理作用,受到了广泛的重视,一些硒强化食品已经面市,近来又掀起了一股开发富硒食品如富硒茶、富硒中药的热潮。但硒元素摄入过量也具有毒性作用。硒的生理需要量与其毒作用剂量之间的安全范围比较窄。因此,必须对硒的营养作用及毒性作用有全面的认识,科学指导富硒食品的开发利用,保障人体健康。 硒的营养学作用 硒作为人体营养中必需的微量元素是五十年代才被发现的,以前一直是作为毒性物质进行研究。     

灵芝富硒发酵条件优化及硒多糖抗运动疲劳活性研究

为研究灵芝富硒发酵最佳条件，探讨灵芝菌丝体硒多糖对小鼠运动疲劳活性的影响。以菌丝体生物量为指标，利用单因素和响应面试验优化发酵条件，并分析硒多糖的抗疲劳活性。结果显示，最佳富硒发酵条件为：Na₂SeO₃浓度39 mg/L，摇床转速185 r/min，温度28℃，此条件下，灵芝菌丝体干重12.47 g/L，富硒率96.87%，硒多糖386.52 mg/L，多糖中硒含量93.58 mg/kg。硒多糖可显著提高小鼠力竭游泳时间，降低小鼠体内血乳酸(BLA)、血尿素氮(BUN)和丙二醛(MDA)含量，提高肝糖原(HG)、肌糖原(MG)含量，提高骨骼肌细胞中抗氧化酶(SOD、GSH-Px)活性，从而缓解细胞的氧化应激损伤。综上，本研究通过富硒发酵获取的灵芝菌丝体硒多糖具有较好的抗运动疲劳活性，有深入开发利用的前景。     

富硒食品中元素硒检测技术的应用研究进展

硒在人体中具有重要作用,参与人体抗氧化、免疫调节、甲状腺功能等多个生理过程。因此,科学检测富硒食品中的硒含量对于保障人们的营养和健康至关重要。文章主要介绍了富硒食品中元素硒含量常用的检测方法：氢化物发生—原子荧光光谱法、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法、电感耦合等离子体质谱法、原子吸收光谱法、荧光分光光度法等测试方法的原理、应用及特点,指出未来硒测试朝着多方法集成的方向发展,以期为富硒食品中元素硒的检测提供借鉴。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

Influence des ions sur le pouvoir hydratant de l'ure e: e tude sur peau de porc ex vivo

This study deals with the influence of ions (NaCl and MgSO4) in a W/O emulsion containing 10% urea. Moisturization kinetics are assessed by corneometry on pig skin ex vivo. The formula's influence on urea penetration is measured by infrared spectrometry with an ATR device and the stripping method. Corneometry and spectroscopy were chosen to record simultaneously the hydratation levels and urea localization into superficial cell layers. Urea crystallization after evaporation of emulsions and aqueous solutions is described. Results show that urea does not hydrate nor penetrate when applied to the skin through an aqueous gel. In a W/O emulsion, sodium chloride increases the ability of urea to moisturize without improving penetration. In vitro urea crystallization is disturbed by sodium chloride or magnesium sulphate for solutions and emulsions. This stabilization by ions is correlated with good moisturization values. The stabilization of urea in the solute state provided by ions increases its water epidermal binding capacity without enhancing penetration.