网状结构Si3N4陶瓷增强金属基复合材料的研究

利用有机前驱体浸渍法制备了Si3N4网络陶瓷预制体,利用液态金属浸渗法制备出Al基、Mg基复合材料：分析了在浸渗过程中浸渗温度、润湿角、浸渗时间、浸渗高度的相互关系。在压力下金属液克服浸渗阻力．使浸渗得以完成。网络陶瓷骨架孔筋表面覆盖一层氧化膜有利于自发娄渗的进行。合金中适量镁元素的存在使平面上发生轻微化学放热反应．对浸渗有利。指出压力浸渗制备铝基复合材料与无压浸渗制备镁基合材料的特点。探计了这种复合材料抗压强度和摩擦磨损性能特点。指出Si3N4／Al复合材料，Si3N4/Mg复合材料抗磨擦性能明显优于基休．抗拉强度大大高于基体。     

网状结构Si3N4陶瓷增强金属基复合材料的研究

利用有机前驱体浸渍法制备了Si3N4网络陶瓷预制体,利用液态金属浸渗法制备出Al基、Mg基复合材料.分析了在浸渗过程中浸渗温度、润湿角、浸渗时间、浸渗高度的相互关系.在压力下金属液克服浸渗阻力,使浸渗得以完成.网络陶瓷骨架孔筋表面覆盖一层氧化膜有利于自发浸渗的进行.合金中适量镁元素的存在使界面上发生轻微化学放热反应,对浸渗有利.指出压力浸渗制备铝基复合材料与无压浸渗制备镁基复合材料的特点.探讨了这种复合材料抗压强度和摩擦磨损性能特点.指出Si3N4/Al复合材料,Si3N4/Mg复合材料抗磨擦性能明显优于基体,抗拉强度大大高于基体.     

无压渗透法制备SiCp/Al复合材料工艺优化研究

无压渗透法是制备SiCp/Al复合材料的重要技术.应用实验方法系统地研究了无压渗透法的工艺参数和添加元素对制备工艺的影响.结果表明,在无压渗透法制备SiCp/Al复合材料的工艺过程中,浸渗温度是浸渗过程顺利进行的重要因素,900℃的浸渗温度为最佳浸渗温度.适量加入Mg元素能提高熔融金属Al和增强体SiC颗粒之间的浸润性,获得结合强度好、孔洞和疏松较少的SiCp/Al复合材料,Mg元素的最佳含量约为1.2%(质量分数).适量添加Si元素能增强熔融铝液的流动性,降低SiC颗粒与Al液间的表面张力,改善其润湿性.     

无压浸渗法制备Al/70vol%Sip复合材料

采用无压浸渗工艺,成功制备出Al/70vol%Sip复合材料,对Al-Si体系进行了自发浸渗的热力学及动力学分析,并分析了组织中残留微细孔隙的形成机理.研究表明:由于存在冶金润湿,在毛细压力作用下,Al合金液能较好浸渗Si多孔预制体,浸渗深度与时间成抛物线关系;采用饱和成分的Al合金浸渗,可有效抑制对Si预制体的溶解浸蚀;对复合材料浸渗组织观察表明,Si颗粒发生钝化,相邻颗粒融合连接,呈连续三维网状.     

铝合金中硅含量对无压浸渗Si3N4/Al复合材料性能的影响

对不同硅含量的铝合金无压浸渗Si3N4预制件制备了Si3N4/Al复合材料,并对其性能进行了研究分析。结果表明:在无压浸渗过程中,Si3N4与铝合金发生了界面反应;Si3N4/Al复合材料的断裂机制以基体的韧性撕裂和增强体的脆性断裂为主;当无压浸渗用铝合金中硅质量分数从0增加到12%时,Si3N4/Al复合材料的硬度由69HRA增加到77HRA,抗弯强度由498MPa降低至333MPa。     

无压浸渗法制备氧化态SiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料

研究了SiC颗粒在1000~1200℃的氧化行为, 其氧化增重率与保温时间符合抛物线规律, 氧化增重受扩散过程控制, 氧化激活能为219 kJ/mol. 采用预氧化处理的SiC颗粒为增强体, 含Si、Mg的铝合金为基体, 通过无压浸渗方法制备了SiC_p/Al复合材料, 分析了复合材料的微观组织与界面形貌, 探讨了无压浸渗机理. 复合材料中颗粒分布均匀, 无偏聚现象. 材料制备过程中存在界面反应, SiC颗粒表面的氧化层与铝合金中的Mg、Al反应形成了一定数量的MgAl₂O₄. 界面反应的存在提高了润湿性, 促进了无压自发浸渗.     

无压浸渗法制备不同体积分数及梯度SiCp/Al复合材料

选用不同粒径大小的SiC颗粒,并通过对颗粒分布的有效控制,采用无压浸渗工艺制备了不同体积分数(15%～65%)的SiCp/Al复合材料,并在此基础上试制了梯度SiCp/Al复合材料.运用OM,XRD等手段对所制备的复合材料进行了显微组织观察与成分分析,并对选定体积分数的复合材料进行了密度以及力学测试.研究结果表明,无压浸渗工艺下不同体积分数的SiCp/Al复合材料组织均匀、致密,力学性能良好;具有梯度结构的SiCp/Al复合材料层间结合良好,没有层间剥离现象.     

无压浸渗制备B4C/Al复合材料工艺的研究现状

碳化硼(B4C)具有高硬度、高熔点、低密度、高耐磨性等优良性能和广阔的应用前景.综述了无压浸渗工艺的国内外研究现状以及顺利完成此工艺的前提.详细归纳总结了采用无压浸渗工艺制备B4C/Al复合材料的各道工序,并展望了其发展方向.     

熔渗温度对Si/Al复合材料组织及性能的影响

采用无压熔渗法制备Si/Al复合材料,研究了熔渗温度对所制备Si/Al复合材料Si相形貌的影响,对Si相间基体合金的凝固组织进行了分析,测试了Si/Al复合材料热膨胀系数、热导率及抗弯强度。结果表明,在相同熔渗时间下,随着熔渗温度升高,所制备Si/Al复合材料中Si相从颗粒状到形成网络状。Si相间的Al-Si基体合金中不再是典型的初生相和共晶组织,而是出现了类似离异共晶的结晶现象,即初晶Si和共晶Si是在原存的Si相上结晶长大。XRD分析显示在所制备复合材料中只有Si相和Al相。随着熔渗温度升高复合材料热膨胀系数、热导率以及抗弯强度均出现下降。     

网络陶瓷/金属复合材料的研究进展

介绍了网络陶瓷/金属复合材料近年来的发展.从网络陶瓷/金属复合材料体系出发,介绍了当前主要制备网络陶瓷的多种制备工艺和方法以及各种方法的优缺点;在制备复合材料的工艺中,介绍了无压浸渗和压力浸渗制备网络陶瓷/金属复合材料两种主要的材料复合方法,比较了无压和压力浸渗制备网络陶瓷/金属复合材料各自的优点和弊端;介绍了陶瓷/金属相的润湿类型以及通过添加元素、包覆及热处理等方法来改善金属对陶瓷的润湿;同时也介绍了复合材料中陶瓷与金属结合处的界面结构类型.总结了目前制备的网络陶瓷的不足之处,提出为了满足抗冲击材料的使用,制备网络陶瓷必须要解决的几个关键问题.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.