日本近年来轧钢技术发展概况

日本轧钢技术的发展重点,各个时期有所不同。六十年代以设备大型化为主,着重增产;七十年代因石油危机的影响,着重节能;八十年代则致力于轧制过程的直接化和连续化,不断扩大品种、改进质量、降低成本和提高产品的机械性能。从代表生产效率(包括低成本)的收得率,能耗及品种质量等主要指标来观察,近年来日本的轧钢技术发展情况有如下述:     

特殊钢棒线材工艺技术发展现状

高速无扭轧机以及无头轧制技术、精密轧机技术、低温轧制技术、控冷技术等的持续进步为提高棒线材产量、钢材收得率、降低能耗等提供了工艺装备和技术保证。介绍了国内外棒材生产厂普遍采用的先进工艺装备技术,包括No—Twis产高速无扭轧机,Stelmor冷却技术以及RSM、TMB、RSB精密轧机等。     

3辊减径定径机组(RSB)技术的最新应用

介绍了棒材轧制的精轧机和／或线材轧制的预精轧机的工艺流程及设计特点。最近试运转的RSB的操作结果在提高收得率和轧机利用率、可实现的公差（甚至是“自由尺寸”轧制）以及温控轧制应用方面证明了其杰出的性能。     

热装和直接轧制技术的发展

热装是将热坯不经过冷却和清理,在500℃左右装入加热炉;直接轧制则是把开坯钢坯或连铸坯不经加热直接送轧机轧制。为确保热装和直接轧制技术的实施,努力提高钢坯或连铸坯的质量,采取措施确保轧制温度,协调好各工序间的操作,并采用稳定操作技术。采用CC-DR法燃耗是335MJ/t,是IC-冷坯法的1/6;300～600℃热装时燃耗可降低210～460MJ/t。直接轧制带钢厚度差减小,收得率提高。鞍钢在建设新区时应考虑采用热装和直接轧制技术。     

直接还原铁在特钢行业中的应用

国内不少特钢企业针对直接还原铁(DRI)不同配入量对电炉炼钢的冶炼时间、吨钢电耗、钢水收得率及残余元素的影响进行试验研究,以实现冶炼过程对DRI的合理添加比例和方式,达到最佳使用效果。发展直接还原铁有利于实现节能减排、绿色发展,以及钢铁业的转型升级。     

连铸坯热送热装的生产实践

介绍包钢在连铸坯热送热装采取的措施及取得的成绩,为将来进一步扩大热送热装工艺奠定了基础.连铸坯热送热装直接轧制技术具有大幅度降低能耗,缩短产品的生产工艺流程,改善产品质量,提高金属收得率,节约投资,减轻工人劳动强度等优点.     

西门子与承钢开展节能环保技术交流日活动

正西门子奥钢联于近日在河北钢铁集团承钢办公室组织了西门子与承钢的节能环保技术交流日活动,介绍了西门子奥钢联的节能环保理念和最新的环保技术,包括高效能源利用及能源咨询服务、炼钢转炉煤气生物发酵制乙醇、烧结选择性烟气循环(SWGR)技术、MEROS烧结烟气脱硫技术、烧结烟气脱硝技术。此外,西门子奥钢联的技术专家还就直接还原炼铁技术和高炉干法处理技术进行了介绍。高效能源利用及能源咨询服务包括研究各个冶炼工序的节能潜力,对各工序进行能源消耗勘察、节能可行性评估、     

鹿岛钢铁厂将动工新建造月产25万吨连铸板坯直接轧制设备

据日本住友金属工业公司8月20日公布的计划:决定在鹿岛钢铁厂新建造板坯连铸设备。该套设备具有月产25万吨的能力,最大特点是连续热轧厂内的设置中包括真空脱气装置(RH 法),从而在本公司首次实现连铸坯直接轧制(CC—DR)。这使节能效果显著,收得率提高,估计每年可降低成本一百亿日元(约合人民币七百多     

切分轧制技术的发展状况和应用效益

切分轧制技术能够提高生产率１０％～１５％，同时节约投资和能源，降低成本，增加效益。在目前能源紧张的情况下，切分轧制技术是强化提高轧钢生产率的新工艺，是轧钢过程节能的新技术，值得推广和应用。     

连铸技术的进展（二）

铸坯表面质量的好坏是影响金属收得率和成本的重要因素。生产无缺陷铸坯，在热加工之前，铸坯表面不精整，这是铸坯热送热装和直接轧制的前提条件。     

Green thinking in the steel rolling mill

In terms of energy use and carbon footprint,it is the primary processes of ironmaking and steelmaking that command most attention in our industry.The rolling mills,although energy-intensive by comparison with most industrial finishing operations,are often overlooked when a steel company considers its environmental responsibilities and its energy-saving opportunities. The high gearing of energy consumption of the primary processes over the finishing processes has an important consequence,however.The key to green rolling is as much about yield(and avoiding the remelting of scrap) as it is about direct energy use. This paper uses a project case study,the design and commissioning of the Endless Strip Processing(ESP) plant of Arvedi in Italy to illustrate how modern rolling mills are contributing to a greener steel industry.The relevant technical features include the energy savings implicit in near-net shape casting and in direct rolling,without intermediate reheating,advances in drive and power conversion technologies and the aforementioned concept of energy saving through yield maximisation. Some notable co-operative efforts towards greener rolling are also explained,including university collaborations and in particular the WellMet2050 project at the University of Cambridge.In conclusion,the green credentials of steel usage in general industry are considered and key messages for the engineering community are sought.     

Energy and Exergy Analysis of the Primary Aluminum Production Processes: A Review on Current and Future Sustainability

The common industrial practice for primary aluminum production consists of the Bayer process for the production of alumina followed by the Hall–Héroult process for the production of aluminum. Both processes were developed at the end of the 19th century and despite continuous optimization, their basic thermodynamic inefficiencies and environmental issues remain till today unchanged. As a result, primary aluminum production industry is the world's larger industrial consumer of energy, is ranked among the most CO₂ intensive industries, and is associated with the generation of enormous quantities of solid wastes. In this paper a detail energy and exergy analysis of the primary production of aluminum is presented and alternative sustainable processes are reviewed.     

轧制工艺对气瓶钢板示波冲击性能的影响

应用示波冲击试验测量了不同终轧温度下HP295钢板在系列温度下的冲击韧性，测量了冲击断口试样的横向扩张量，利用扫描电镜分析了示波冲击断口形貌，结果表明，终轧温度提高，钢的韧脆转变温度提高，钢的冲击韧性下降，裂纹扩展功下降，示波冲击温度越低，终轧温度对韧性的影响越显著，冲击韧性与冲击断口的横向扩张量和断口的形貌具有较好的对应关系。     

中厚板精轧机辊道控制方式改进

分析了中厚板精轧机辊道控制系统存在的问题。通过改造方案讨论,设计出新的辊道控制模式。实践表明,该方案可以较大程度地节约电能,对钢板定位、精轧机区域传动控制更加有效,PLC联动及协调运行更加精准,提高了精轧机辊道传动控制系统的技术水平,降低了设备维护费用,提高了经济效益。     

终轧温度和晶粒度对非调质钢JGF45V冲击功的影响

对非调质钢JGF45V终轧1 000℃热轧态和860℃正火态冲击功试样进行金相分析和扫描电镜分析,得出晶粒度是影响非调质钢JGF45V室温冲击功的重要参数。通过终轧温度由1 000℃降低至900~930℃,冷却速度为0.3℃/s的工艺试验,晶粒度级别由5提高到7,室温U型冲击功由32 J提高到≥55 J。     

黄铜带材精轧机电机的技术改进

黄铜带材精轧机配用的电机在能耗、产能和产品精度控制方面存在明显不足,通过分析查找原因,用Y型电机替代YCT电机,用变频器对Y型电机进行调速控制,用PLC技术使黄铜带材的厚度测量仪测得的数据与变频器形成动态反馈调整。技术改进后降低了能耗、提高了单台轧机的产能、带材厚度公差明显缩小、轧机运行更加平稳。     

Potential of Renewable Energies in Turkey

Turkey has a large economy and, thus, it expects a very large growth in energy demand. Today, Turkey’s economy is mainly dependent on oil, natural gas, and electricity. On the other hand, Turkey’s energy production meets nearly 35% of its total primary energy consumption. Turkey is an energy importing country. Turkey presently has considerable renewable energy sources. The most important renewable sources are hydropower, wind, solar, geothermal, and biomass. Turkey has about 1% of the total world hydroelectric potential and its significant potential for geothermal power production is ranked seventh in the world. This paper presents the energy situation and potential of the renewable energy sources in Turkey.     

废水中硫氰酸根的脱除研究现状

含有硫氰酸盐的废水来自许多工业过程,主要是湿法冶金、浮选、煤焦化、印染纺织品、腈纶生产、光整和电镀,由于它的抗水解性和非挥发性,它对人体和水生生物有潜在的毒性,另外对于良好的水质也存在一定威胁,因此,硫氰酸盐在释放到环境前必须中和或从废水中去除。主要概述了可用于废水中硫氰酸盐的方法及其优缺点,并对其未来发展进行了展望。     

Possible mechanisms for the nucleation of primary fracture zones during deformation-induced phase transformations in solids: III. Local melting at the prefracture stage

The mechanism and kinetics of the nucleation of primary damage in a crystal lattice are considered at the stage of its prefracture. The zones of local melting of a solid phase near stress concentrators are shown to be the most probable damages, whose accumulation significantly accelerates the development of fracture processes in solids during plastic deformation.     

非调质钢50MnSiV新能源汽车电机轴的开发

非调质钢50MnSiV(/%:0. 50C,0.52S,1.20Mn,0.010P,0.025S,0.15Cr,0.10V,0.015Ti,0.015N)制造的新能源汽车电机轴,省去传统调质钢20CrMnTiH渗碳热处理和矫正精整工序,不仅可提高材料95%利用率和2天交货周期,还可以降低25%成本。50MnSiV钢抗拉强度1100 MPa、屈服强度858 MPa、冲击功48J。其静扭扭矩(4697 Nm)、疲劳寿命(±1600 Nm双向扭转12万次、±1400 Nm双向扭转27万次)较渗碳20CrMnTiH钢提高了27%和93%～140%,并且其性能指标和8万公里的路试结果均满足电机轴的技术要求。