采用异构搜索的多子群协同进化粒子群算法

针对传统的单种群粒子群优化算法易陷入局部最优、搜索精度低的问题,提出一种异构多子群粒子群算法。算法由自适应子群、精英子群和若干普通子群构成,精英子群由普通子群和自适应子群中的优秀个体组成,每个子种群采用不同策略进行进化,根据种群的早熟收敛程度和粒子的适应度值自适应地调整惯性权重,自适应子群根据普通子群的适应度值和速度自适应调整飞行方向,采用免疫克隆选择算子对精英子群进行精细搜索,普通子群、自适应子群与精英子群之间通过迁移操作实现信息的充分交流。针对典型的Benchmark 函数优化问题测试,仿真结果表明所提算法能较好地保持粒子多样性,收敛精度高且全局搜索能力强,具有良好优化性能。     

求解约束优化问题的融合粒子群的教与学算法

为了求解约束优化问题,提出了一种融合粒子群的教与学算法。算法采用了一种自适应的教学因子,使得算法的搜索性能可以自适应的调整。引入了自我学习和相互学习的学习模式,使得信息交流更加多样化,增强了算法的全局搜索能力。最后根据适应度值将整个种群分为两个子种群,对适应度值差的子种群采用粒子群算法以提升收敛性能,对适应度值优的子种群采用教与学优化算法以增强种群的多样性,通过两种算法的优势互补,提升了算法的整体优化性能。通过在22个标准测试函数的实验和与其它3种算法的比较表明,融合粒子群的教与学算法求解精度高,收敛速度快,它是一种可行、高效的优化算法。     

一种求解二元约束满足问题自适应粒子群算法

提出了一种求解二元约束满足问题的自适应粒子群算法（SAPSO）,其中每个粒子具有两种状态,定义了一个反应粒子活跃程度的变量以决定粒子所属的状态。为了平衡粒子不同进化阶段的开发和探测能力,在SAPSO中引入了随着每个粒子的进化状态和粒子群的进化状态动态改变的惯性权重。利用自适应的选取方式代替随机选择的盲目搜索方式,使群体在解空间搜索时,能够自适应地去探索新的区域,选择有希望找到更优解的地方搜索。使用随机约束满足问题的实验表明,改进后的算法比原算法（PS-CSP）能以更快的速度收敛到全局解。算法的效率大约提高两倍,平均迭代次数大约为原来的一半。     

一种基于单纯形搜索的粒子群优化算法

为了改善粒子群优化算法的求解性能,提出了一种基于单纯形搜索和粒子群优化的混合算法。该算法一方面自适应地确定惯性权重、认知以及社会参数来达到免参数目的,另一方面利用单纯形搜索来引导部分粒子的搜索方向,从而加速算法收敛。数值实验结果表明,与传统的粒子群算法和其他基于单纯形的粒子群算法相比,提出算法在评估次数、求解精度方面表现良好。     

融合变异策略的自适应蝴蝶优化算法

蝴蝶优化算法是近年来提出的一种新型自然启发式算法。针对基本蝴蝶优化算法收敛速度慢、求解精度低、稳定性差等问题,提出了一种融合变异策略的自适应蝴蝶优化算法。通过引入动态调整转换概率策略,利用迭代次数和个体适应度的变化信息动态调整转换概率,有效维持了算法全局探索与局部搜索的平衡;通过引入自适应惯性权重策略和局部变异策略,利用惯性权重值和混沌记忆权重因子进一步提高了算法的多样性,有效避免算法早熟收敛,同时加快了算法的收敛速度和求解精度。利用改进算法对12个基准测试函数进行仿真实验,与基本蝴蝶优化算法、粒子群算法、樽海鞘群算法、灰狼优化算法等其他算法对比表明,改进算法具有收敛速度快、寻优精度高、稳定性强等优异性能。     

自适应种群更新策略的多目标粒子群算法

针对粒子种群较差的局部搜索能力,提出了一种自适应种群更新策略的多目标粒子群算法。该算法在每次种群进行迭代时,根据种群的多样性测度以及每个粒子的适应度值,自适应地改变速度权重,以此来提高种群粒子在局部搜索时的活性,使算法具有较强的局部搜索能力同时又保留了足够的全局搜索能力。最后利用多组经典测试样例进行仿真,并与传统的粒子群算法以及速度线性衰减算法做比较,在单目标优化中,自适应粒子群算法能够更快地寻找最优位置;在多目标优化中,自适应粒子群算法能够更快速地收敛于帕累托最优边界。     

自适应变异的粒子群优化算法

针对粒子群算法的早熟收敛问题,提出一种新的基于群体适应度变化率自适应变异的粒子群优化算法。该算法根据群体适应度变化率自适应调整惯性权重的取值,根据当前种群的平均粒距对种群中部分粒子进行变异操作。自适应调整与变异操作能增强算法跳出局部最优的能力,增大寻找全局最优的几率。对几种典型函数的测试结果表明,新算法的全局搜索能力有了明显的提高,有效避免了早熟收敛问题。     

基于Tent映射的自适应混沌嵌入式粒子群算法

为避免粒子群算法后期出现早熟收敛,提出一种基于Tent映射的自适应混沌嵌入式粒子群算法。将混沌变量嵌入到标准粒子群算法中,且对参数进行自适应调整。算法采用Tent映射生成的混沌序列来取代基本粒子群算法中的随机数,充分利用了混沌运动的随机性、遍历性和规律性;惯性权重和学习因子采用非线性的自适应调整策略;建立平均粒距与适应度方差相结合的早熟收敛判断机制,并且以混沌搜索的方式来跳出局部最优。测试函数仿真结果表明,该算法具有良好的全局搜索能力,寻优精度较高,鲁棒性好。     

基于自适应选择和变异的改进粒子群算法

针对基本粒子群优化算法搜索精度低和易早熟的缺点,提出了一种基于自适应选择和变异算子的改进粒子群算法。选择算子可提高粒子群的整体适应度,增强粒子群的局部搜索能力;变异算子则能扩大粒子群的搜索范围,防止粒子群陷入局部最优。搜索时,根据全局极值在迭代过程中的变化情况,自适应地调整选择算子和变异算子使粒子群飞向全局最优。典型函数的算例测试表明,改进的粒子群算法较传统算法具有更高的搜索精度和更强的抗早熟能力。     

自适应动态学习鸡群优化算法

针对标准鸡群优化算法存在求解精度偏低、局部搜索能力弱等问题,提出了一种自适应动态学习鸡群优化算法ADLCSO（Adaptive Dynamic Learning Chicken Swarm Optimization algorithm）。该算法利用反向觅食机制自适应更新每只公鸡的位置,并添加了非线性递减学习因子来动态调整公鸡位置的更新步长,以增强种群跳出局部极值的能力,从而提高算法的收敛速度和求解精度。此外,提出了一种基于个体间适应度值之差的种群相似度指标,并利用该指标对每只母鸡的位置进行自适应调整,以抑制种群多样性的衰减,从而进一步提高算法的求解精度。通过对12个经典测试函数进行仿真实验,结果表明ADLCSO算法在收敛速度、求解精度、稳定性及对高维问题的求解能力上均优于其他对比算法。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。