膦酸酯糖苷衍生物的合成与抗肿瘤活性

以α-羟基膦酸酯和溴代单糖为中间体,碱性离子液体[Bmim]OH为催化剂,微波辅助,以79.6%-84.1%的收率合成了系列膦酸酯糖苷化合物（Ⅲa-Ⅲf）,经IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR确认了产物结构。采用溴化噻唑蓝四氮唑 (MTT) 法进行了体外抗肿瘤活性测试。结果表明：该类化合物对人胃癌细胞 (SGC-7901)和人肺癌细胞 (A-549)有增殖抑制作用,其中,含葡萄糖基片段的目标物Ⅲa、Ⅲb对SGC-7901有较优的增殖抑制作用,IC50分别为12.9±0.9μmol/L、14.3±1.1μmol/L;含半乳糖基片段的目标物Ⅲc、Ⅲd对A-549有较显著活性,IC50分别为15.9±0.9μmol/L、14.2±1.3μmol/L。     

苯并咪唑基取代的甾体衍生物合成

以孕烯醇酮为原料,通过对孕烯醇酮的C-17 ''支链进行化学修饰,设计合成了18个甾核的C-17 ''-支链为苯并咪唑基取代的甾体化合物,通过IR、1H NMR、13C NMR和HRMS 对化合物进行了结构表征,采用溴化噻唑蓝四氮唑(MTT)法测试了这些化合物对人口腔上皮癌细胞(KB)、宫颈癌细胞(HeLa)、人肝癌细胞(HepG)、人鼻咽癌细胞(CNE-2)、乳腺癌细胞(BT474)、卵巢癌细胞(SKOV3)的体外抑制活性。结果表明,部分化合物具有中等程度的活性,其中氟基取代的苯并咪唑甾体化合物5c和6c对人体卵巢癌细胞(SKOV3)具有良好的选择性抑制作用,IC50 (半抑制浓度)值分别为(15.4±3.8)和(9.2±0.5)μmol/L。该类化合物可为设计开发新型抗肿瘤药物提供参考。     

Synthesis and antitumor activity of N

摘要：以STX-0119为先导化合物基于生物电子等排原理设计并合成25个N"-苯亚甲基-2-(3-吡啶基)喹啉-4-酰肼衍生物（产率：20.4-42.6%），通过1H NMR、MS、13C NMR确证了产物结构，采用MTT和台盼蓝法以以人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞、人肺癌A549细胞、人慢性粒细胞白血病K562细胞、人急性B淋巴细胞白血病RS4:11细胞为测试细胞株评价了目标化合物的体外抗肿瘤活性。目标化合物Ⅶr表现出最强的抗A549细胞增殖活性（IC50 = 7.42 ± 0.83 μmol/L），目标化合物Ⅶq表现出最强的抗RS4:11细胞增殖活性（IC50 = 2.4 ± 0.17 μmol/L）目标化合物Ⅶl不仅表现出最强的抗MCF-7细胞增殖活性（IC50 = 4.91 ± 0.33 μmol/L），而且也表现出最强抗K562细胞增殖活性（IC50 = 1.24 ± 0.19 μmol/L），分子对接结果显示其发挥抗肿瘤的作用可能与STAT3通路有关，值得进一步深入研究。 关键词：喹啉；酰肼；合成；抗肿瘤；生物电子等排     

基于膦酸酯骨架的氨基酸衍生物的合成与抗肿瘤作用

为了获取抗肿瘤活性化合物,通过拼合原理,设计合成了9个目标化合物,经IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR及元素分析确认结构。采用溴化噻唑蓝四氮唑（MTT）法进行了抗肿瘤活性测试。结果表明,该类化合物对所测肿瘤细胞有增殖抑制作用,其中化合物Ⅲf、Ⅲi有较好抗肿瘤活性,尤以Ⅲi最为突出,对肿瘤细胞A-549、SGC-7901和EC-109均有显著抑制作用,IC50分别为（7.0±0.8）、（6.9±0.8）、（7.3±0.7）μ mol/L,与对照药cisplatin相当。该类化合物值得进一步研究。     

槲皮素衍生物的合成及其生物活性研究

槲皮素是一种优良的天然抗氧化剂。以槲皮素为先导物,选择性对C环3位羟基进行修饰。以廉价的芦丁为原料,经苄基选择性保护、Williamson成醚反应,再经Pd/C催化加氢脱苄基得到5个槲皮素酰胺类衍生物,均未见文献报道,目标产物结构经IR、~1H NMR、~(13)C NMR、ESI-MS确证。采用DPPH法考察了5个目标化合物的抗氧化活性,结果显示,大部分目标化合物的SC_(50)小于槲皮素或与槲皮素相当,这表明3-OH不是槲皮素抗氧化活性的必需基团。采用MTT法考察了5个槲皮素酰胺类衍生物对人食管鳞癌细胞EC109、人食管鳞癌细胞EC9706、人胃癌细胞SGC7901及小鼠黑色素瘤细胞B16-F10的增殖抑制作用。结果显示,通过化学方法对槲皮素进行结构修饰后,其体外抗肿瘤活性增强。其中,化合物7-1对SGC7901的抑制作用(IC_(50)=67.228μmol/L)明显优于母药槲皮素(IC_(50)=91.115μmol/L)和5-FU(IC_(50)=78.236μmol/L),是一个很有潜力的新型抗肿瘤候选化合物。     

雌酚酮-17-(靛红取代)腙衍生物的合成及抗肿瘤活性评价

为寻找高效的潜在抗肿瘤药物,设计合成系列雌酚酮衍生物并测定其抗肿瘤活性。以雌酚酮为原料,合成7个雌酚酮-17-(靛红取代)腙衍生物。所有合成化合物都通过MS、~1HNMR和~(13)CNMR结构表征。另外,分别选用人肝癌细胞(HepG2)、人宫颈癌细胞(Hela)和人肺癌细胞(A549)对化合物的抗增殖活性进行评价。结果表明,雌酚酮-17-(5-溴靛红)腙对HepG2细胞和Hela细胞具有显著抑制活性,IC_(50)值分别为9. 46μmol/L和7. 30μmol/L。可进一步拓展取代底物,更深入地探索该类化合物的构效关系。     

噻唑并嘧啶类衍生物的设计合成及抗肿瘤活性研究

为了发现具有良好抗肿瘤活性的新型先导化合物,在综合分析多种高活性化合物结构特点的基础上,设计、合成了一系列含噻唑并[3,2-a]嘧啶-5-酮类化合物。以6-氨基-2-硫脲嘧啶为原料,经4步反应制得目标化合物,其结构经IR,1 H NMR,13C NMR和HRMS确证,并对该类化合物合成影响因素和结构特点进行了探讨。采用噻唑蓝(MTT)法测试了所合成化合物的体外抗肿瘤(A549,MCF-7)活性,测试结果表明大部分化合物对于所试验的癌细胞的增殖都有一定程度的抑制作用。     

含噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶的查尔酮类化合物的合成和抗增殖活性

运用药物分子片段原理及拼合原理,设计并合成了10个含噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶的查尔酮类衍生物,并对该类化合物的体外抗对肿瘤细胞增殖活性进行初步研究。目标化合物的结构通过1H NMR、13C NMR和HRMS (ESI)表征。以人肺腺癌细胞株A549、人肝癌细胞株HepG2和人前列腺癌细胞株PC-3三种肿瘤细胞为测试细胞株,采用MTT法评价了目标化合物的抗增殖活性。体外活性实验表明,10个化合物对三种肿瘤细胞株均具有很好的抑制活性。其中化合物Ⅶh活性突出,对三种肿瘤细胞株的IC50 值分别为0.87 μmol/L、2.43 μmol/L和2.02 μmol/L,优于阳性对照药索拉非尼。含噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶的查尔酮类化合物具有很好的抗肿瘤活性,值得进一步研究。     

含膦酸酯的L-苯丙氨酸二肽衍生物的合成及其抗肿瘤作用

为了寻找抗肿瘤活性化合物,以芳香醛和亚磷酸二乙酯为原料,在三乙胺作用下,制备中间体Ⅰ;以L-苯丙氨酸甲酯盐酸盐和Boc-氨基酸为原料,经缩合、酯水解制备中间体Ⅱ;然后,中间体Ⅰ与中间体Ⅱ经1-乙基-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳酰二亚胺盐酸盐/1-羟基苯并三唑缩合,脱保护,制备了9个含膦酸酯结构的L-苯丙氨酸二肽衍生物,经~1HNMR、~(13)CNMR和MS对合成产物结构进行了确证。采用溴化噻唑蓝四氮唑(MTT)法对目标化合物进行了体外抗肿瘤活性测试。结果表明,部分目标物对所测肿瘤细胞有增殖抑制作用,呈现潜在的抗肿瘤活性。尤以O,O'-二乙基[α-(4-氟苯基)-α-(L-脯氨酰-L-苯丙氨酰氧基)]甲基膦酸酯(Ⅲi)最为突出,对人肺癌细胞(A-549)和人食管癌细胞(EC-109)均有显著抑制作用,对应的半抑制浓度(IC_(50))分别为(6.8±0.9)、(7.0±1.2)μmol/L,与对照药顺铂接近。     

基于膦酸酯骨架的氨基酸衍生物的合成与抗肿瘤作用

为了获取抗肿瘤活性化合物,通过拼合原理,设计合成了9个目标化合物,经IR、~1HNMR、~(13)CNMR及元素分析确认结构。采用溴化噻唑蓝四氮唑(MTT)法进行了抗肿瘤活性测试。结果表明,该类化合物对所测肿瘤细胞有增殖抑制作用,其中化合物Ⅲf、Ⅲi有较好抗肿瘤活性,尤以Ⅲi最为突出,对肿瘤细胞A-549、SGC-7901和EC-109均有显著抑制作用,IC50分别为(7.0±0.8)、(6.9±0.8)、(7.3±0.7)μmol/L,与对照药cisplatin相当。该类化合物值得进一步研究。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.