葡萄贮藏期间果肉质地参数变化规律的TPA表征

采用3种常用保鲜膜对巨峰葡萄进行气调包装,放于-0.3℃的冰温保鲜库中贮藏,分别在0、5、10、15、20、25、30 d利用质构仪质地多面分析(TPA)法测定葡萄果肉,得到葡萄贮藏期间果肉质地参数变化规律.结果表明:TPA测试反映了3种保鲜膜内的葡萄果内各项质地参数变化规律总体均呈现下降趋势;果肉硬度与黏着性、咀嚼性呈较好的正相关性,而与凝聚性呈负相关;果肉咀嚼性与硬度、黏着性、弹性呈较好的正相关性;果内弹性与凝聚性、咀嚼性、回复性呈较好的正相关性,而回复性与弹性、凝聚性以外的质地参数相关性较差;葡萄好果率与贮藏时间在一定范围内呈良好线性关系,提出一个经验公式将好果率与果肉硬度进行关联.     

质地多面分析(TPA)法评价葡萄贮藏期间果肉质地参数的研究

以巨峰葡萄为试材,应用质构仪质地多面分析(TPA)法对冰温结合四种不同浓度CO2气体贮藏期间的葡萄果肉质地参数进行了评价。实验结果表明:在整个冰温贮藏期间,TPA测试反映了四种不同浓度CO2气体下的葡萄果肉各项质地参数总体呈现下降趋势,且不同浓度CO2气体间各质地参数下降规律有所差异;果肉硬度与黏着性、咀嚼性呈较好的正相关性,而与凝聚性呈负相关;果肉咀嚼性与硬度、黏着性、弹性呈较好的正相关性;果肉弹性与凝聚性、咀嚼性、回复性呈较好的正相关性,而回复性与弹性、凝聚性以外的质地参数相关性较差。结论:质地多面分析法能很好地反映葡萄果肉质地参数变化规律,适合用于评价葡萄贮藏期间果肉质地变化情况。     

微环境气调保鲜箱对葡萄采后贮藏品质的影响

以‘阳光玫瑰’葡萄为试验材料，分别采用配备不同气调元件的保鲜箱(MAP1、MAP2、MAP3)进行包装，以无气调元件保鲜箱为对照(CK)，于冰温((–0.5±0.3)℃)条件下贮藏，研究不同气调元件保鲜箱对葡萄果实感官指标、营养指标、生理指标及相关酶活性的影响。结果表明，在冰温贮藏过程中，MAP1、MAP2、MAP3处理组O₂含量变化范围分别为：18.7%～19.7%、18.7%～19.5%和18.4%～19.0%;CO₂含量变化范围分别为：0.2%～0.8%、0.6%～1.4%和0.9%～2.3%。与CK相比，3种气调元件均可在不同程度上降低保鲜箱内O₂含量、提高CO₂含量，进而抑制葡萄果实的生理活动，延缓果实贮藏品质的下降。其中MAP3处理组可有效降低贮藏期间葡萄果实的腐烂率、落粒率和失重率，较好地维持葡萄果皮亮度和果肉硬度，延缓营养物质(Vc、可滴定酸和可溶性固形物)的流失，在一定程度上抑制葡萄果实的呼吸速率及乙烯生成速率，延缓丙二醛(MDA)含量和相对电导率的上升，较好地保持果实超氧化物歧化...     

金柑气调保鲜的研究

用不同的气调贮藏方式(自发气调和单氧指标的人工气调),在9℃条件下对金柑进行贮藏保鲜。测定了果实失重率、腐烂率、可溶性固形物、呼吸强度、总糖、VC和过氧化物酶活性等指标的变化,并与单独冷藏的进行对比。结果表明,自发气调的贮藏效果不好,而人工气调的贮藏效果极佳。     

预处理方式对提子类葡萄贮藏期间质地的影响

质地是鲜食型水果重要指标之一,为探讨不同预处理方式对鲜食型提子类葡萄贮藏期间质地的变化,采用5种预处理方式对红白两种不同欧亚种提子类葡萄进行处理,然后在(4±1)℃下冷藏,分别在0,10,20,30,40d利用质构仪质地多面分析法测定红白提子类葡萄果实的质地,得到红白提子类葡萄贮藏期间果实质地参数变化规律。结果表明:果实硬度与胶着性、弹性、断裂性均呈很好正相关(r=0.943~1.00),与内聚性呈负相关(r=-0.722~-0.708);果实断裂性与弹性、胶着性和咀嚼性呈较好的正相关(r=0.846~0.996);弹性与胶着性、咀嚼性呈正相关(r=0.961~0.968),胶着性与咀嚼性呈显著正相关(r=0.954~0.944)。果实的硬度与胶着性和咀嚼性呈正相关(r=0.846~0.996),确定以提子类葡萄果实硬度、胶着性和咀嚼性用于比较提子类葡萄质地变化的参数。5种预处理后冷藏的提子类葡萄各项质地参数变化规律总体呈现下降趋势,但不同的预处理表现出的质地下降趋势不同,其中B处理(抗菌保鲜处理)下降趋势最明显。试验证明:贮藏前预处理技术是影响产品贮藏期间质地的重要因素,不同的预处理改变了提子类葡萄的质地,增大了果实的硬度、胶着性和咀嚼性。     

二氧化硫(SO_2)对葡萄果实采后质构和果皮蜡质损伤的影响

为探讨二氧化硫(SO_2)熏蒸后葡萄果实质地的变化规律、果皮蜡质结构对质构的影响,以红地球葡萄为试材,采用质地多面分析方法(TPA)测定不同浓度SO2(0、100、500μL/L)处理红地球葡萄果实的各项质地参数,通过相关性分析和主成分分析法(PCA)对果实质地参数进行分析。结果表明,随着贮藏时间的延长,果实质地参数均有不同程度的降低,SO_2可延缓果实硬度、胶黏性和咀嚼性的降低,弹性和内聚性能维持在较高水平;果实的硬度、弹性与咀嚼性;果肉内聚性与胶黏性、弹性、咀嚼性;果肉弹性与果肉胶黏性、咀嚼性;果实硬度、咀嚼性、内聚性、弹性、胶黏性呈较好的正相关性。扫描电镜观察表明,100μL/L SO_2处理能抑制葡萄果皮蜡质结构的变化;通过PCA分析,5个TPA质构指标中提取2个主成分,累积方差贡献率达96.81%,两个主成分可较好的将对照、100、500μL/L SO2处理区分开来。综上所述,采用100μL/L SO2处理能够较好的保持红地球葡萄的质地,减少果皮蜡质的损伤。     

几种保鲜模式对荔枝贮藏效果对比

为研究保鲜模式对荔枝果实贮藏品质变化的影响,在模式可控的保鲜厢体上,以"桂味"荔枝果实作为试验材料,分别在气调、控温控湿和仅控温3种保鲜模式下,开展荔枝果实贮藏试验,比较不同保鲜模式对荔枝果实贮藏效果的影响。试验结果表明,贮藏20 d后,气调模式荔枝的好果率接近1.00,控温控湿模式好果率为0.81,仅控温模式荔枝好果率为0.59;在贮藏期前5 d,不同保鲜模式下的荔枝果实品质差异不显著;仅控温模式荔枝在贮藏过程中果皮水分百分含量迅速下降至0.57、果实失重率迅速增长至11.52%;气调和控温控湿模式下,荔枝果实失重率分别上升至2.91%和2.05%,果皮水分百分含量分别从0.73降至0.69和0.71;不同保鲜模式对荔枝果肉TSS和TA含量变化影响不显著;第20 d货架期试验表明,气调模式能够延缓荔枝果实货架期失重率的变化。研究结果为荔枝果实贮运方式选择提供一定的参考。     

蓝莓微气调贮藏技术研究

以蓝莓为试材,研究其微气调贮藏技术,比较不同微气调材料的贮藏效果,观察微气调贮藏后果实的货架期和贮藏期间果实内部品质的变化,并探讨品种的耐贮性。研究发现,微气调E的贮藏效果显著优于其他材料,贮藏75d好果率达94%,贮藏前后果实内部品质无显著性差异,但需低温销售延长货架期;初步得出,蓝丰品种的耐贮性显著高于达柔、埃利奥特,贮藏60d好果率高出14%、20%。结论:应用微气调技术贮藏蓝莓可比其他方式延长贮藏期30～45d。     

贮藏温度对巨峰葡萄采后生理和贮藏品质的影响

为了明确在不同贮藏温度条件下巨峰葡萄的品质变化规律,进一步开发鲜食葡萄的市场,更好地与生产实际相结合,以巨峰葡萄(Kyoho)为试材,于0、5、10、25℃(室温)的条件下贮藏,通过对贮藏过程中果实相关生理指标和品质指标的检测和分析,研究不同贮藏温度对巨峰葡萄采后生理和贮藏品质的影响。结果表明:不同的贮藏温度对巨峰葡萄的外观影响极大,而对可溶性固形物、可滴定酸等营养品质指标的影响很小。而且低温贮藏能有效保持葡萄果实采后品质,增加贮藏期,其中0℃贮藏的效果最好。     

不同气调包装材料对红香酥梨贮藏品质的影响

为了初步筛选红香酥梨的气调包装材料,本研究选用7种常见的塑料包装材料(CPP、LDPE、HDPE、PP6、PP12、OPP、PO)作为气调贮藏包装,分别进行N2、空气、真空处理,以敞口放置作为对照,进行红香酥梨的气调保鲜实验。红香酥梨气调包装后置于室温下进行贮藏,考察贮藏期间包装袋内气体含量、失重率、感官品质的变化,并将贮藏始末果实品质指标(果实硬度等)的变化进行对照。结果表明:气调包装材料种类及厚度对红香酥梨保鲜效果差异较大,PO、LDPE、CPP材料较适合于红香酥梨的气调保鲜,N2处理效果明显优于空气和真空处理。     

气调包装对杨桃贮藏品质的影响

以香蜜甜杨桃为材料,研究12℃条件下、非气调包装、被动气调包装(初始气体比例为21%O2+0%CO2+79%N2)和主动气调包装(初始气体比例为5%O2+5%CO2+90%N2)对杨桃果实保鲜效果的影响。结果表明:与非气调包装相比,被动气调包装和主动气调包装在一定程度上延迟了杨桃色泽的黄化,使果实的失重率维持在2%以内,果实硬度维持在0.4 MPa以上,3种包装在这3个指标的测量值上差异显著(P≤0.05)。对可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、VC的含量和pH值的维持效果来说,主动气调包装比被动气调包装的维持效果好,两者的差异极显著(P≤0.05)。被动气调包装与主动气调包装的总酚和类黄酮含量得到有效地维持,两者无显著差异(P≤0.05)。与非气调包装相比,主、被动气调包装都抑制了过氧化物酶的活力,使其达峰时间从25 d推迟到35d。果皮色泽、失重率和硬度可作为杨桃是否衰老的指标,非气调包装、被动气调包装和主动气调包装的杨桃的货架期分别为20～25 d,25～35 d和35～40 d。     

生鲜冷却肉MAP包装保鲜技术的研究

应用MAP包装设备及技术研究生鲜冷却肉的保鲜,研究不同气氛条件下冷却肉的指标(感官性质、TVB-N、pH、菌落总数、货架期)。研究结果表明,CO2浓度为30%~40%,O2浓度为40%~60%时,对生鲜冷却肉有较好的保鲜效果,冷鲜肉MAP保鲜理想气氛条件为CO2%L∶O2%∶N2%=30∶50∶20,在4℃条件下储藏,货架期达8d以上。     

Microbial and sensory quality of vegetables for soup packaged in different atmospheres

Fresh prepacked vegetables for soup have become very popular on the Italian market, since they are already peeled, cut, washed and ready-to-use. The packaging and the modified atmosphere can prolong their shelf-life and maintain their hygienic, physicochemical and sensory characteristics during storage at + 4°C. The hygienic and sensory quality was evaluated by analysing microbial growth and atmosphere composition at the moment of packaging and at the end or the shelf-life of vegetables prepacked in air on under modified atmospheres, and by determining the browning or blackening of parsley and the loss of carrot exudates. A large number of different groups of microorganisms was found in raw vegetables. In spite of this high starting concentration of microbial flora, the prepackaging systems investigated did not seem to significantly influence their growth during vegetable storage at +4°C. No pathogenic microorganisms were isolated from the prepackaged vegetables. The hygienic quality was similar in all packaging systems used. However, the vegetables packaged in perforated. film kept their sensory characteristics better than those packaged in air or under a modified atmosphere.     

The performance of several oxygen scavengers in varying oxygen environments at refrigerated temperatures: implications for low-oxygen modified atmosphere packaging of meat

The oxygen scavenging capacity of four commercially available iron-based oxygen scavengers was studied. Individual oxygen scavenger sachets were placed in pouches and filled with 1%, 2%, 6%, 12% or 22% oxygen, 40% carbon dioxide and balance nitrogen, and stored at 3 °C or 10 °C, with or without a drip pad infused with water and monitored over 24 h. The four scavengers all reduced oxygen from the packs at the oxygen concentrations and temperatures tested. However, for all of the conditions measured, the scavengers did not absorb their nominal capacity in the 24-h period. In anoxic modified atmosphere packaging of beef steaks, it is essential to reduce residual oxygen levels to below 0.05% as quickly as possible to minimise the formation of metmyoglobin. While the scavengers tested were effective in removing oxygen, the rate of removal would appear not to be fast enough to create the anoxic conditions required to prevent metmyoglobin formation in beef steaks, particularly in those cuts, which are highly susceptible to metmyoglobin formation. Reproducibility was also a critical issue for the scavengers, particularly at low oxygen concentrations. None of the scavengers had a coefficient of variation of less than 20% at the low oxygen concentrations. Therefore, to obtain consistent results, it is recommended that multiple scavengers be used.     

绿芦笋自发气调贮藏保鲜袋的设计和适宜气体组成确定

以产品呼吸和薄膜渗气往一定条件下达到平衡时，能自发调节保鲜袋内O2和CO2浓度为依据，用改变薄膜厚度、面积、贮藏量的方法调节袋内气体组成。在大量试验数据基础上，用计算机回归设计的芦笋自发气调贮藏保鲜袋，能够使芦笋贮藏保持在3．2％～8．3％O2；3．5％～5．3％CO2的适宜气组成范围内，保鲜效果优良。     

冰箱气调贮藏对水果的保鲜效果

为研究冰箱（5℃）气调贮藏对水果保鲜效果的影响,本研究选取了四种水果车厘子、草莓、红元帅苹果、蓝莓,在对照冰箱（常氧21%）和气调冰箱（O₂含量18~18.5%）中冷藏7 d,通过测定贮藏期间失重率、维生素C含量、花青素含量及果实表层细胞形态来检测气调冰箱的保鲜效果。结果表明:冰箱低温气调贮藏的四种水果保鲜效果最好,均能够显著（P<0.05）降低失重率,提高维生素C和花青素的保留率,改善果实的表观品质,减缓水果的感官品质劣变,维持水果的新鲜度,并维持水果良好的表皮细胞形态。因此,冰箱低温气调贮藏更有利于水果的保鲜。     

包装与贮藏温度对蚕豆采后品质的影响

为明确适宜于鲜食蚕豆采后贮藏的温度与自发气调包装材料,以无保鲜膜包装的蚕豆为对照,研究了(1.0±0.5)℃下聚乙烯(PE)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、微孔(W)3种保鲜膜包装和(5±1)℃PE保鲜膜包装对蚕豆硬度、色泽、水分含量等品质指标的影响。结果表明,(1.0±0.5)℃下采用PVC保鲜膜包装的蚕豆品质优于其它处理,蚕豆贮藏28d,仍保持较好品质。     

Quality of Atlantic Mackerel (Scomber scombrus L.) Fillets during Modified Atmosphere Storage

Sensory, physical, biochemical and microbial quality were investigated in mackerel fillets stored under CO₂ modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) at -2°C for 21 days. Packaging gas composition remained constant during storage. An experienced sensory panel found seaweedy and cucumber-like odors (raw) decreased whereas sourness corresponded with lactic acid bacteria increase. Both sensory (raw) fillet ‘yellowness’ and Hunter ‘b’ values increased. Visual (cooked) moistness and expressible fluid decreased but no difference was found in cooking losses. Small increases in total volatile base-nitrogen and trimethylamine-nitrogen paralleled aerobic plate counts; ethanol increased linearly. Coliforms, yeasts and molds were detected at < 10 CFU/g. CO₂ MAP storage at – 2°C can maintain Grade 1 shelf-life extension for ≥ 21 days     

气调包装技术在肉类保鲜中的应用和研究进展

气调包装是目前在肉类产品保鲜中应用较广的先进技术,文章对气调包装保鲜的机理、气体组成和主要影响因素进行介绍,详细阐述了气调包装技术目前国外的研究进展。以期为肉类保鲜以及促进肉类产业发展提供有益参考。     

Modeling of O2and CO2 Exchange Dynamics in Modified Atmosphere Packaging of Burlat Cherries

ABSTRACT: A simple mathematical model has been applied to estimate the optimal conditions for modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) of Burlat cherries. The model describes gas exchange in flexible packages, taking into account the respiration rate of the fruit and the transmission rate of gases through the film. The model predicts the evolution of the gas composition inside the package at different conditions. To verify experimentally the model estimations, Burlat cherries were packaged in air and in 3 mixtures of gases at 2 temperatures using 3 different films. Experimental results agree satisfactorily with the predicted values if the O₂ concentration is higher than 2 %.