硅基键合InP-InGaAsP量子阱连续激光器的研制

采用键合技术在Si基上制备了InP-InGaAsP量子阱激光器,实现了电注入室温连续工作.采用低温直接键合的方法,将Si衬底和InP-InGaAsP外延片键合在一起,并制成条宽6μm的脊波导边发射激光器.室温连续工作的1.55μm激光器阈值电流为48mA,对应的阈值电流密度和微分电阻分别为2.13kA/cm2和5.8Ω,在约220mA时输出光功率达15mW.     

键合法制备硅基1.55μm InP-InGaAsP量子阱激光器

在硅基上成功地制备出了1.55μm InP-InGaAsP量子阱激光器.设计并生长了适合于键合的量子阱激光器结构材料,通过直接键合技术,将Si衬底与InP-InGaAsP外延片键合到一起.剥离去掉InP衬底后,在5～6μm的薄膜上制备出20μm条形边发射激光器.室温下,阈值电流160mA(电流密度为2.7kA/cm2),功率可达10mW以上(在约350mA电流下),实现了1.55μm长波长边发射激光器与Si的集成.目前,该结果国际上还未见报道.     

键合法制备硅基1.55μm InP-InGaAsP量子阱激光器

在硅基上成功地制备出了1.55μm InP-InGaAsP量子阱激光器.设计并生长了适合于键合的量子阱激光器结构材料,通过直接键合技术,将Si衬底与InP-InGaAsP外延片键合到一起.剥离去掉InP衬底后,在5～6μm的薄膜上制备出20μm条形边发射激光器.室温下,阈值电流160mA(电流密度为2.7kA/cm2),功率可达10mW以上(在约350mA电流下),实现了1.55μm长波长边发射激光器与Si的集成.目前,该结果国际上还未见报道.     

1.5μm InGaAsP/InP P型衬底隐埋新月型(PBC)结构激光器

本文简要报道了P型衬底1.5μm隐埋新月型激光器的制备和特性,激光器在室温下连续工作的典型阈值电流为20mA低的为15mA,发射波长为1.53μm,最高连续工作温度105℃.     

磁场对反应离子刻蚀速率影响的研究

本文简要报道了P型衬底1.5μm隐埋新月型激光器的制备和特性,激光器在室温下连续工作的典型阈值电流为20mA低的为15mA,发射波长为1.53μm,最高连续工作温度105℃.     

键合方法研制InAsP/InGaAsP量子阱1.3μm垂直腔面发射激光器

设计并研制了由InAsP/InGaAsP应变补偿多量子阱有源层、SiO2/TiO2介质薄膜和GaAs/Al(Ga)As半导体分布布拉格反射镜(DBR)构成的垂直腔面发射激光器(VCSEL).采用直接键合技术实现InP基有源层与GaAs基DBR的晶片融合,并经过侧向湿法腐蚀定义电流限制孔径和沉积介质薄膜DBR等关键器件工艺,研制出InAsP/InGaAsP量子阱垂直腔面发射激光器,其阈值电流为13.5mA,单模激射波长为1288.6nm.     

键合方法研制InAsP/InGaAsP量子阱1.3μm垂直腔面发射激光器

设计并研制了由InAsP/InGaAsP应变补偿多量子阱有源层、SiO2/TiO2介质薄膜和GaAs/Al(Ga)As半导体分布布拉格反射镜（DBR）构成的垂直腔面发射激光器（VCSEL) . 采用直接键合技术实现InP基有源层与GaAs基DBR的晶片融合,并经过侧向湿法腐蚀定义电流限制孔径和沉积介质薄膜DBR等关键器件工艺,研制出InAsP/InGaAsP量子阱垂直腔面发射激光器,其阈值电流为13.5mA,单模激射波长为1288.6nm.     

高斜效率高功率850nm氧化限制型垂直腔面发射激光器

报道了MOCVD生长的高性能850nm氧化限制型垂直腔面发射激光器.研制出的氧化直径为9μm的激光器25℃时的斜效率和阈值电流分别为0.82mW/mA和2.59mA,激光器在23mA时输出16mW最大光功率.氧化直径为5μm的激光器25℃时的最小阈值电流为570μA,其最大饱和光功率为5.5mW.     

分子束外延生长高应变单量子阱激光器

采用分子束外延方法研究了高应变InGaAs/GaAs量子阱的生长技术.将InGaAs/GaAs量子阱的室温光致发光波长拓展至1160nm,其光致发光峰半峰宽只有22meV.研制出1120nm室温连续工作的InGaAs/GaAs单量子阱激光器.对于100μm条宽和800μm腔长的激光器,最大线性输出功率达到200mW,斜率效率达到0.84mW/mA,最低阈值电流密度为450A/cm2,特征温度达到90K.     

MEMS封装用局部激光键合法及其实现

对常规激光键合在Si-玻璃键合工艺中因高温而引起的负面效应进行了分析,从而设计出芯片表面活化预键合与激光键合工艺相结合的方法.该方法已用于微电子机械系统(MEMS)样片封装实验中.实验过程是:先用一种特殊的化学方法形成亲水表面,然后将Si和玻璃置于室温下进行预键合,最后取波长1064nm、光斑直径500μm、功率70W的Nd∶YAG激光器作局部激光加热.结果表明,该方法在不施加外力下能实现无损伤低温键合,同时拉伸实验也说明了样片键合强度达到2.6～3.0MPa,从而既保证了MEMS芯片的封装质量又降低了其封装成本.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Curved crystal spectrometer for the measurement of X-ray lines from laser-produced plasmas

In order to diagnose the laser-produced plasmas, a focusing curved crystal spectrometer has been developed for measuring the X-ray lines radiated from a laser-produced plasmas. The design is based on the fact that the ray emitted from a source located at one focus of an ellipse will converge on the other focus by the reflection of the elliptical surface. The focal length and the eccentricity of the ellipse are 1350 mm and 0.9586, respectively. The spectrometer can be used to measure the X- ray lines in the wavelength range of 0.2-0.37 nm, and a LiF crystal （200） （2d = 0.4027 nm） is used as dispersive element covering Bragg angle from 30° to 67.5°. The spectrometer was tested on Shengnang- Ⅱ which can deliver laser energy of 60-80 J/pulse and the laser wavelength is 0.35 μm. Photographs of spectra including the 1 s2p ^1P1-1s^2 ^1S0 resonance line（w）, the 1s2p ^3P2-1s^2 1S0 magnetic quadrupole line（x）, the 1s2p ^3P1-1 s^2 ^1S0 intercombination lines（y）, the 1 s2p ^3S~1-1 s^2 ^1S0 forbidden line（z） in helium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅺ and the 1 s2s2p ^2P3/2-1 s622s ^2S1/2 line（q） in lithium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅹhave been recorded with a X-ray CCD camera. The experimental result shows that the wavelength resolution（λ/△ 2） is above 1000 and the elliptical crystal spectrometer is suitable for X-ray spectroscopy.     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.     

Electronic Structure of Semiconductor Nanocrystals

This paper reviews our recent development of the use of the large-scale pseudopotential method to calculate the electronic structure of semiconductor nanocrystals, such as quantum dots and wires, which often contain tens of thousands of atoms. The calculated size-dependent exciton energies and absorption spectra of quantum dots and wires are in good agreement with experiments. We show that the electronic structure of a nanocrystal can be tuned not only by its size,but also by its shape. Finally,we show that defect properties in quantum dots can be significantly different from those in bulk semiconductors.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.