基于小波收缩的改进阈值脑电信号去噪方法研究

脑电（EEG）信号是脑神经细胞的电生理活动在大脑皮层的反应,但采集到的脑电信号一般都含有大量噪声信号。为了有效去除噪声信号并保留有用信息,在经过研究分析后提出一种基于小波收缩的改进阈值去除脑电信号噪声的方法,改进的阈值可以随着分解层数的变化而变化,在实际中可灵活应用。首先利用小波变换对脑电信号进行分解,得到多层的高频系数和低频系数;然后根据分解层次的不同,对小波系数进行自适应的阈值处理;将缩放后的小波系数重构,得到去噪声后的脑电信号。以信噪比（SNR）、均方根误差（RMSE）作为去噪效果的定量指标,通过实验对比了改进阈值法和软硬阈值法以及自适应阈值法,实验结果表明基于小波收缩改进的阈值法去噪效果优于其他三种阈值法。     

基于Matlab的小波去噪算法研究

小波阈值去噪是通过小波变换技术将含噪信号分解及重构,通过一个阈值限定小波分解后的小波系数来去除噪声的方法。在小波分析域中分析了传统的软阈值法和硬阈值去噪方法的特点,同时指出传统分析法中存在的缺点,提出了软硬阈值折衷的去噪方法。采用雷达信号用Matlab对去噪效果进行仿真,证明了改进方法的去噪效果优于单纯的软阈值与硬阈值方法。     

基于DSP的小波阈值去噪算法的实现

小波去噪是信号处理领域中的热点与前沿课题。阐述了小波去噪的基本原理和方法,利用TMS320F2812 DSP高速的运算能力、强大的实时处理能力等特点,在DSP上实现小波阈值去噪算法,为小波去噪提供了实时处理平台。采用软阈值函数和tein无偏风险阈值2t（rigrure规则）对噪声污染信号进行小波阈值去噪处理,实验发现,该法可以很好的去除噪声,满足信号去噪的光滑性和相似性准则。     

一种改进的小波阈值去噪法

基于小波变换的阈值去噪法是去除数字信号中白噪声的有效算法,其中阈值函数的选择关系着重构信号的连续性和精度。但是硬阈值函数在阈值点具有不连续性,软阈值函数中估计的小波系数与信号的小波信号间存在恒定偏差的缺陷,这些缺点限制了阈值去噪法的进一步应用。将硬阈值和软阈值函数进行加权平均,选取适当的权值函数,可以构造出一种克服了软硬阈值缺点的新的阈值函数。仿真结果表明,该方法具有较好的去噪效果。     

小波阈值法在图像去噪中的应用

介绍了小波去噪的基本理论以及小波阈值法去噪的原理。小波阈值法去噪的关键是阈值的设置和阈值函数的选择。本文归纳了阈值的设置方法和阈值函数的选择方法,并针对图像去噪进行了仿真实验,将一幅混有不同水平高斯白噪声的图像分别进行软、硬阈值函数去噪。实验得出软阈值函数的去噪效果比硬阈值函数的去噪效果好这个结论。     

小波阈值去噪法的深入研究

针对以往小波阈值图像去噪法在去除图像噪声的过程中会出现的去噪不彻底、噪声残留、和噪声误判的问题,对小波阈值去噪方法中两个重要因素阈值选取方式和阈值函数进行改进,以达到更好去除噪声的目的。在以往的统一阈值基础上加以修改,使阈值能随着分解尺度的变化而改变,减少小波系数和原系数之间的偏差;对传统的软阈值和硬阈值的优点予以保留,改进它们各自的缺点,产生一种新的阈值函数,使它在处理小波系数时更加灵活。通过Matlab的仿真实验和对算法的精度分析表明,用改进后的小波阈值去噪法处理加高斯噪声的lean图像可以很好的去除图像噪声,使图像的信息熵,对比度和信噪比均得到很大的提高,图像质量和视觉效果也得到提升。     

傅里叶变换与小波变换在信号去噪中的应用

对于高频信号和高频噪声干扰相混叠的信号,采用小波变换去除噪声可以避免用傅里叶变换去噪带来的信号折损。对于噪声频率固定的平稳信号,在对信号进行傅里叶变换后使用滤波器滤除噪声。对高频含噪信号则采用正交小波函数sym4对信号分解到第4层,利用极大极小值原则选择合适的阈值进行软阈值处理,最后利用处理后的小波系数进行重构。实验结果表明,对于高频含噪信号傅里叶去噪会出现严重的信号丢失现象,使用极大极小值原则选择阈值进行小波去噪可以有效地保留高频部分的有用信号。     

基于小波分析的心电信号去噪算法研究

心电信号在临床诊断上有非常重要的作用,但由于容易受到噪声干扰,采集的心电信号中通常包含很强噪声,为了有效去除噪声干扰,该文提出了一种基于自适应阈值的小波模极大值算法来进行信号去噪.关键点是在每个分解尺度上自适应的选取合适的阈值,用来对小波变换系数的模极大值点进行筛选,以去除噪声极值点.该文采用MIT/BIH数据库中的数据对算法进行仿真验证,结果表明该算法有更好的去噪效果,同时心电信号能被很好的保留.     

基于小波变换的信号去噪方法研究

对小波闽值去噪方法进行了研究,阐述了小波变换和小波去噪的基本原理和方法,利用四种自适应阈值规则对含噪信号分别进行去噪处理,并比较了去噪效果。以采集到的语音信号为例,采用不同的阈值去噪方法去噪,在MATLAB下进行仿真,结果表明小波变换既能有效地去除信号噪声,又能较好地保留原信号中的突变信息。     

ECG信号改进阈值函数小波去噪算法研究

本文针对心电信号(ECG)微弱、频率范围低、易受噪声干扰等问题,提出一种改进小波阈值去噪算法。不但能通过可变参数h调节自身软、硬特性从而确定合适的阈值函数,而且根据分解层数不同,自适应地调整通用阈值。通过选取MIT-BIH库的部分数据,结合常见的三种小波基,进行实验验证。结果表明改进的小波阈值去噪算法可以有效抑制心电信号噪声,得到较好的信噪比,同时对MSE也有所改善。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.     

Curved crystal spectrometer for the measurement of X-ray lines from laser-produced plasmas

In order to diagnose the laser-produced plasmas, a focusing curved crystal spectrometer has been developed for measuring the X-ray lines radiated from a laser-produced plasmas. The design is based on the fact that the ray emitted from a source located at one focus of an ellipse will converge on the other focus by the reflection of the elliptical surface. The focal length and the eccentricity of the ellipse are 1350 mm and 0.9586, respectively. The spectrometer can be used to measure the X- ray lines in the wavelength range of 0.2-0.37 nm, and a LiF crystal （200） （2d = 0.4027 nm） is used as dispersive element covering Bragg angle from 30° to 67.5°. The spectrometer was tested on Shengnang- Ⅱ which can deliver laser energy of 60-80 J/pulse and the laser wavelength is 0.35 μm. Photographs of spectra including the 1 s2p ^1P1-1s^2 ^1S0 resonance line（w）, the 1s2p ^3P2-1s^2 1S0 magnetic quadrupole line（x）, the 1s2p ^3P1-1 s^2 ^1S0 intercombination lines（y）, the 1 s2p ^3S~1-1 s^2 ^1S0 forbidden line（z） in helium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅺ and the 1 s2s2p ^2P3/2-1 s622s ^2S1/2 line（q） in lithium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅹhave been recorded with a X-ray CCD camera. The experimental result shows that the wavelength resolution（λ/△ 2） is above 1000 and the elliptical crystal spectrometer is suitable for X-ray spectroscopy.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Electronic Structure of Semiconductor Nanocrystals

This paper reviews our recent development of the use of the large-scale pseudopotential method to calculate the electronic structure of semiconductor nanocrystals, such as quantum dots and wires, which often contain tens of thousands of atoms. The calculated size-dependent exciton energies and absorption spectra of quantum dots and wires are in good agreement with experiments. We show that the electronic structure of a nanocrystal can be tuned not only by its size,but also by its shape. Finally,we show that defect properties in quantum dots can be significantly different from those in bulk semiconductors.     

Critical Stage Rule-Based Real Time Dispatch（RTD）System in Highly-Mixed-Products （HMP） FAB

An improving utilization and efficiency of critical equipments in semiconductor wafer fabrication facilities are concerned. Semiconductor manufacturing FAB is one of the most complicated and cost sensitive environments. A good dispatching tool will make big difference in equipment utilization and FAB output as a whole. The equipment in this paper is In-Line DUV Scanner. There are many factors impacting utilization and output on this equipment group. In HMP environment one of the issues is changing of reticule in this area and idle counts due to load unbalance between equipments. Here we'll introduce a rule-based RTD system which aiming at decreasing the number of recipe change and idle counts among a group of scanner equipment in a high-mixed-products FAB.