不同液位下低温绝热气瓶漏热量研究

低温绝热气瓶用于储存低温液体时,内部低温液体储量(即液位)的变化会引起气瓶漏热量的变化。为了获取低温气瓶漏热量和低温液体液位之间的关系,从一维传热模型出发,利用自然对流关联式提出了低温气瓶气相和液相漏热的比例系数GLA数,并以此推导出了利用液相漏热量计算低温气瓶总漏热量的方法,最终获得了低温气瓶漏热量与液位之间的关系式。为了验证关系式的正确性,利用液氮对不同液位下的低温气瓶进行了漏热量实验,通过记录气瓶的蒸发流量来计算漏热量。最终验证结果表明,提出的关系式与实验值的误差均在10%以下,可认为关系式具备良好的可靠性,并可应用于工程实际。     

低温绝热气瓶的有限元热分析与试验研究

通过有限元方法对充满低温液体的气瓶进行传热分析,与试验的结果相结合,分析气瓶的颈管、支撑结构和绝热结构的漏热量并对产品结构进行优化设计,来保证达到优良的绝热性能.     

不同液位下低温绝热气瓶静态蒸发率的变化趋势研究

对常见的几种不同容积大小、不同型式的低温绝热气瓶进行静态蒸发率测试,研究不同液位下同一气瓶的静态蒸发率及变化规律。测试结果表明,对于同一立式低温绝热气瓶,随着瓶内深冷介质液位的逐渐降低,其静态蒸发率逐渐减小,静态蒸发率与液位存在确定的线性关系。然而,对于同一卧式低温绝热气瓶,静态蒸发率与液位不存在完全线性关系,其液位高于40%时,静态蒸发率相对稳定。     

低温绝热气瓶漏放气性能的研究

以低温绝热气瓶为研究对象,设计并搭建气瓶漏放气及残余气体分析实验台,开展了室温和低温下容器漏放气和残气分析的实验研究。通过理论分析与实验研究相结合得出:室温下,气瓶真空夹层内残余气体中H2的含量约为70%,可以利用复合材料扩散放气模型预测低温绝热气瓶的漏放气;低温下,气瓶真空夹层内残余气体中H2的平均含量达到81%,可以利用金属材料扩散放气模型预测低温绝热气瓶的漏放气。本文的研究有助于推动真空维持技术的应用,对于提高高真空多层绝热低温容器产品的寿命、降低成本和确保产品的可靠性,都具有十分积极的意义。     

一种新型车用低温气瓶后端支撑结构性能分析

提出了一种新型的低温气瓶后端支撑结构,使用有限元数值仿真方法对该结构进行传热分析和承载能力分析。仿真结果表明,与常用的十字形支撑结构相比,该结构具有更低的漏热率并且具有良好的承载能力。该结构能够提高车载低温气瓶的绝热性能、满足承载能力要求。     

在用LNG低温真空绝热容器漏热量监测

LNG低温真空绝热容器在使用过程中因真空绝热夹层内材料放气、漏气以及夹层材料的老化、松散等原因,可导致低温容器真空绝热性能下降,致使低温容器内的低温液体的蒸发量增加,造成液体的浪费,此时储罐蒸发率可能超过要求,使得储罐不能继续使用。论文介绍了一种简单的方法对低温容器的漏热量进行实时监测,若储罐漏热量超过限定值时报警提醒,确保低温容器的使用安全、人员安全。     

多层绝热和支撑辐射对低温传输管线的影响分析

为了确保低温传输管线的设计质量,采用高真空多层绝热方式减少管线的漏热。通过分析多层绝热和支撑表面辐射,对低温传输管线进行了传热模拟研究,得到了内管道壁面间的辐射换热量和支撑总体漏热量。分析了三角形和正方形支撑漏热量的不同;同时对比了不同发射率支撑表面下,支撑辐射换热量、导热量和温度分布的变化。结果表明:在满足支撑强度条件下,应当增大热传导距离,减小支撑的接触面积以及辐射换热面积;随着支撑表面发射率增大,支撑表面辐射换热量增加,导热量减少,总体漏热量增大,当发射率为1时,模拟得到的漏热量仍小于1 W/m。     

基于ZBO存储的低温储箱漏热分析

由于低温液体的存储温度很低,造成周围环境的热量漏入贮箱内部,导致低温液体的蒸发和贮箱内部压力升高.为了解决上述问题,采用被动绝热与主动制冷相结合的零蒸发无损存储(ZBO)方案,通过分析计算进入低温贮箱内的热量,包括通过储箱体、颈管及连接管路进入储箱的热量,为进一步减小漏热量及优化ZBO存储性能提供理论依据.     

高真空多层绝热低温容器真空丧失后的传热试验

利用一个工业化的高真空多层绝热低温量热器,以液氮为介质研究了真空突然丧失对高真空多层绝热低温容器漏热量的影响.主要研究了低温量热器绝热层的变化及破空气体(空气和干燥氮气)的不同对真空丧失后低温容器漏热量的影响,指出绝热层数和破空气体种类都是影响真空丧失后低温容器漏热量的重要因素.     

国内外低温绝热气瓶应用现状及关键技术

介绍了低温绝热气瓶的发展和应用,并重点分析了目前低温绝热气瓶绝热、支撑、加注和无损储存关键技术的研究现状及发展方向,可为中国低温绝热气瓶的生产厂家提供参考.     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Estimation of potentialities of methods of summation of direct measurement errors

Conventional methods for summation of direct measurement errors are considered. Conditions under which these methods provide consistent results are stated. It is proposed to utilize for characteristic of the total error, its interval estimator or the half-sum of the value obtained by adding up its arithmetic and geometric random errors.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 10–12, April, 1995.     

空压机轴承箱蜗壳温度探头油封改造

由于空压机进气侧轴承箱蜗壳温度探头密封效果不好,使空压机及其后续管道受到油污染。后将温度探头的O形圈密封改为骨架油封,杜绝了轴承箱漏油问题。文章简介空压机的结构和技术参数,详细介绍了骨架油封的制作和优点。     

Characteristics of mechanical properties of materials in studies of conditions of attainment of marginal states

It is shown that conditions of attainment of marginal states in the material of structural components are formulated on the basis of analysis of force and deformation criteria of formation and development of destruction. The parameters of these criteria are data on types of structural materials, standard and special characteristics of their mechanical properties, structural forms of considered elements of the equipment, and their operating stress loading. In this case, the construction of a system of state equations for describing interrelation of current damage, external actions, and responses to them is based on the concept of calculating variations in properties of materials at all stages of the design life cycle.     

Determination of parameters of microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by the method of modeling

The article suggests a method of evaluating the microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by modeling. The method includes the measurement of deformations of metal according to meshes of a dividing grid with small base and the calculation of the distribution parameters of microdeformations in model representation. It is shown that the modeling method makes it possible objectively to evaluate the microinhomogeneity of deformation of metals independently of the chosen mesh size of the dividing grid. New structural characteristics are introduced: the base and wave of variation expressing the degree of crumbling or amalgamation of metal grains by inhomogeneity of deformation.Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 7, pp. 40–44, July, 1991.     

Analysis of the rate of propagation of the wave of change of boiling modes

An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.