基于YUV空间球状码元码本背景模型的运动物体检测算法研究

在光照变化强烈的场景中,传统的码本背景模型对运动目标检测效果较差,该文融入了梯度信息来改变传统码本背景模型中的亮度范围,对传统度量颜色距离的柱状单词结构做了改变,用YUV颜色模型建立码本背景模型,降低了传统的码本背景模型在光照变化比较频繁的场景中的敏感性。通过改进的算法对一组典型的复杂背景视频图像对进行验证,证明了改进的球状码本背景模型的算法确实能够取得更好的检测效果。     

一种基于随机码本的运动目标检测算法

针对传统码本算法模型建立时间过长、更新效果 差等问题,将视觉背景提取(ViBe)算法中模型建 立和更新的 思想用于改进码本算法,提出了一种基于随机码本(RCB)的运动目标检测算法。为减少计算 量,提出了一种基于 YUV空间的码本模型;为减少背景建模时间、提高模型的洁净度 ,提出了随机选取第1帧图像空间领域内 像素点的码本训练方法;为提高背景模型对复杂场景的适应能力,提出了基于随机策略的码 本更新方式。 与典型算法进行了两组实验。结果表明,本文算法兼有二者的优点,不仅能迅速适应场 景的转换,而 且在检测精度、动态适应能力和实时性等方面都有较大提高。     

一种改进码本的运动目标检测方法

针对运动目标检测中存在的阴影及背景噪声和树枝摇摆等问题,提出一种改进型码本模型检测方法。该方法对YUV空间分通道进行处理以解决阴影问题,针对干扰和噪声等影响,在背景差分图像的基础上,对视频帧进行二维网格区域划分,然后再对各个区域进行处理。与原始码本算法及经典检测方法的对比实验表明,该算法检测效果更好,并能满足实时检测需要。     

一种改进的高亮度区域肤色像素检测算法

高亮度条件下肤色和非肤色具有很高的相似性,导致高亮度肤色像素的检测一直是基于肤色分割的一个难点。为了提高肤色分割的效果,提出一种能够检测出图像中高亮度肤色区域的方法。首先在YCbCr颜色空间中利用阈值自适应的单高斯模型检测出图像中具有正常亮度的肤色像素,再结合像素的邻域信息和亮度边缘信息进一步检测出图像中高亮度区域的肤色像素,有效地解决了传统肤色检测方法对高亮度肤色区域漏检的问题。实验结果表明,采用该算法可以较准确地检测出图像中的高亮度肤色区域。     

YUV空间中基于稀疏自动编码器的无监督特征学习

现有无监督特征学习算法通常在RGB色彩空间进行特征提取,而图像和视频压缩编码标准则广泛采用YUV色彩空间。为了利用人类视觉特性和避免色彩空间转换所消耗的计算量,该文提出一种基于稀疏自动编码器在YUV色彩空间进行无监督特征学习的方法。首先在YUV空间随机采集图像子块并进行白化处理,然后利用稀疏自动编码器进行无监督局部特征学习。在预处理阶段,针对YUV空间亮度和色度通道相互独立的特性,提出一种将亮度和色度进行分离的白化措施。最后用学习到的局部特征在大尺寸图像上进行卷积操作从而获得全局特征,并送入图像分类系统进行性能测试。实验结果表明:只要对亮度分量进行适当的白化处理,在YUV空间中的无监督特征学习就能够获得相当于甚至优于RGB空间的彩色图像分类性能。     

基于SVM和背景模型的显著性目标检测算法

针对显著性目标多样性和不确定性,机器学习算法无法检测没有先验信息的图像问题,提出了一种基于图像边缘信息构建背景模型结合SVM分类算法的显著性目标检测算法.该方法对输入图像进行超像素预处理,使像素级转化为超像素级,既抑制噪声,又提高了计算效率.利用图像边缘超像素构建图像的初始背景模型,得到初始显著图.基于SVM算法建立目...     

使用L1失真测度及其派生方法的无乘法矢量量化

提出了一个基于梯度的算法来设计码本。该算法不需要任何乘法或中项计算,其收敛性在非常微弱的条件下得到了严格的证明。仿真举例将该技术与LBG算法的表现进行了比较,结果表明,尽管前者简单,但在平均失真条件下其产生的码本与后者等量。该设计码本的算法进而被扩充为一个具有分段线性特性的失真算法。通过对失真测度的参数的近似选择,编码和码本的设计又一次能在没有乘法的情况下得以实现。将本技术应用于图像的预测矢量量化,并证明了对图像数据进行无乘法预测矢量量化技术的实用价值。     

基于多条件随机场模型的图像3D空间布局理解

图像3D空间布局理解在自动驾驶系统以及目标识别中扮演着重要的角色.本文提出一种基于多条件随机场模型集成的图像3D空间布局理解算法.首先,基于多次图像分割生成多个不同尺度的超像素图像;然后,结合LBP表面纹理特征、LM滤波器组获得的方向纹理特征、颜色特征以及图像中超像素的位置和形状特征,建立各尺度的超像素图像中超像素的特征表达;最后,为各尺度的超像素图像分别构建相应的条件随机场模型,并应用D-S证据合成理论对多个条件随机场模型的推断结果进行集成,实现对图像3D空间布局的理解.在公共数据集GC和KITTI Layout上的实验结果表明,同已有算法相比,本文提出的算法提高了图像3D空间布局理解的准确率.     

一种高效的灰度图像真彩化方案

提出了一种高效的灰度图像真彩化方案。该方案的关键技术包括:YUV亮色分离、采样点序列去冗余精简和基于像素空间相关性的匹配点搜索。YUV亮色分离技术在复杂度低、计算量小的同时,有效去除了RGB颜色空间中存在的相关性。通过去除采样点序列的数据冗余,节省了后续整幅目标图像的匹配点搜索时间。利用图像像素点的空间相关性进行匹配点搜索,提高了搜索效率和准确性。经实验验证,本文算法在取得和Welsh算法相近效果的同时,可以节省50%～70%的彩色化处理时间。     

一种利用无方向性滤波器设计的空域自适应隐写算法

为了提高隐写算法的安全性能,提出了一种利用无方向性滤波器设计的空域自适应隐写算法.首先,利用无方向性滤波器对载体图像进行滤波计算,获得图像中难于被建模检测分析的复杂区域,然后利用高斯低通滤波器对复杂区域进行平滑处理,增加嵌入信息区域相邻像素间的相关性,进而得到损失函数,最后按照损失函数通过校验格编码完成信息嵌入.抵抗富模型隐写分析实验表明:当信息嵌入率较小时,该算法的抗检测性能与S-UNIWARD算法相近;当信息嵌入率较大时,该算法优于S-UNIWARD算法.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.     

Curved crystal spectrometer for the measurement of X-ray lines from laser-produced plasmas

In order to diagnose the laser-produced plasmas, a focusing curved crystal spectrometer has been developed for measuring the X-ray lines radiated from a laser-produced plasmas. The design is based on the fact that the ray emitted from a source located at one focus of an ellipse will converge on the other focus by the reflection of the elliptical surface. The focal length and the eccentricity of the ellipse are 1350 mm and 0.9586, respectively. The spectrometer can be used to measure the X- ray lines in the wavelength range of 0.2-0.37 nm, and a LiF crystal （200） （2d = 0.4027 nm） is used as dispersive element covering Bragg angle from 30° to 67.5°. The spectrometer was tested on Shengnang- Ⅱ which can deliver laser energy of 60-80 J/pulse and the laser wavelength is 0.35 μm. Photographs of spectra including the 1 s2p ^1P1-1s^2 ^1S0 resonance line（w）, the 1s2p ^3P2-1s^2 1S0 magnetic quadrupole line（x）, the 1s2p ^3P1-1 s^2 ^1S0 intercombination lines（y）, the 1 s2p ^3S~1-1 s^2 ^1S0 forbidden line（z） in helium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅺ and the 1 s2s2p ^2P3/2-1 s622s ^2S1/2 line（q） in lithium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅹhave been recorded with a X-ray CCD camera. The experimental result shows that the wavelength resolution（λ/△ 2） is above 1000 and the elliptical crystal spectrometer is suitable for X-ray spectroscopy.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Electronic Structure of Semiconductor Nanocrystals

This paper reviews our recent development of the use of the large-scale pseudopotential method to calculate the electronic structure of semiconductor nanocrystals, such as quantum dots and wires, which often contain tens of thousands of atoms. The calculated size-dependent exciton energies and absorption spectra of quantum dots and wires are in good agreement with experiments. We show that the electronic structure of a nanocrystal can be tuned not only by its size,but also by its shape. Finally,we show that defect properties in quantum dots can be significantly different from those in bulk semiconductors.     

Critical Stage Rule-Based Real Time Dispatch（RTD）System in Highly-Mixed-Products （HMP） FAB

An improving utilization and efficiency of critical equipments in semiconductor wafer fabrication facilities are concerned. Semiconductor manufacturing FAB is one of the most complicated and cost sensitive environments. A good dispatching tool will make big difference in equipment utilization and FAB output as a whole. The equipment in this paper is In-Line DUV Scanner. There are many factors impacting utilization and output on this equipment group. In HMP environment one of the issues is changing of reticule in this area and idle counts due to load unbalance between equipments. Here we'll introduce a rule-based RTD system which aiming at decreasing the number of recipe change and idle counts among a group of scanner equipment in a high-mixed-products FAB.