有机蒙脱土与白炭黑复合填充三元乙丙橡胶性能研究

采用溶液插层法分别制备了含乙烯基的有机蒙脱土(VMMT)和不含乙烯基的有机蒙脱土(OMMT),并通过与三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)机械共混方法制备了VMMT/EPDM、OMMT/EPDM两种纳米复合材料,对复合材料的力学性能和气体阻隔性能进行了研究。实验发现:当添加相同份数有机蒙脱土时,VMMT/EPDM复合材料的力学性能和气体阻隔性能优于OMMT/EPDM复合材料;当有机蒙脱土添加量为5份时,OMMT/EPDM的拉伸强度提高了60%、100%伸长模量提高了68%,N2透气率降低了29%;当有机蒙脱土添加量为7份时,VMMT/EPDM的拉伸强度提高了99%、100%伸长模量提高了157%、N2透气率降低了52%。结果表明:通过含乙烯基官能团的有机插层剂改性后,有机蒙脱土/EPDM纳米复合材料的力学性能和气体阻隔性能显著提高。     

熔融插层法制备PET/蒙脱土纳米复合材料及其性能的研究

采用熔融插层法制备PET/蒙脱土纳米复合材料.对制备的PET/蒙脱土纳米复合材料进行表征和研究,通过XRD分析了PET基体中蒙脱土片层的插层情况,发现达到预期效果;试验数据表明:有机蒙脱土使复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度下降,拉伸模量和弯曲模量上升;随着有机蒙脱土含量的增加,复合材料的阻隔性能得到提高.     

天然橡胶/固相改性蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备与表征

在固相对蒙脱土进行有机改性,并与天然橡胶机械混炼插层制备了纳米复合材料。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、橡胶加工分析仪(RPA)和透射电镜(TEM)等研究了天然橡胶/固相改性蒙脱土纳米复合材料的结构,同时考察了材料的力学性能和耐老化性能。结果表明:固相改性蒙脱土在天然橡胶中可以实现纳米级分散,得到天然橡胶/蒙脱土纳米复合材料。固相改性蒙脱土对天然橡胶不但具有明显的补强效果,大幅度提高材料的力学性能和耐热氧老化性能,而且还具有很好的促进硫化作用。     

聚合物/有机改性蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备方法研究进展

聚合物/蒙脱土纳米复合材料因具有独特的结构,以及较常规聚合物基复合材料更优异的性能,而展现出诱人的开发和应用前景。聚合物/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备也因此成为探索高性能复合材料的途径之一,受到新材料科学研究领域的普遍关注。本文综述了近年来在蒙脱土的有机改性、聚合物/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备方法方面的研究进展。     

PMAA/MMT及PMAA/MMT/SiO_2纳米复合材料的结构与性能研究

采用原位插层聚合法制备了聚甲基丙烯酸/蒙脱土(PMAA/MMT)纳米复合材料和聚甲基丙烯酸/蒙脱土/二氧化硅(PMAA/MMT/SiO2)纳米复合材料,并比较两种纳米复合材料的结构与性能。研究结果表明,PMAA/MMT纳米复合材料属于插层与剥离共存型纳米复合材料。PMAA/MMT/SiO2纳米复合材料中蒙脱土的特征衍射峰已经消失,蒙脱土与二氧化硅均匀分散在聚合物基体中。PMAA/MMT及PMAA/MMT/SiO2纳米复合材料均有一定的鞣制性能,但相对而言PMAA/MMT/SiO2纳米复合材料的鞣制效果较好。     

熔融插层法制备EPDM/OMMT纳米复合材料研究

采用熔融插层法,通过插层剂优选、配方设计与工艺优化,制备了密封用三元乙丙橡胶/有机蒙脱土(EPDM/OMMT)纳米复合材料,借助XRD分析了其微观结构,利用TG分析了其热稳定性,并初步研究了其气体阻隔性能与相关力学性能.结果表明,EPDM与OMMT经熔融插层形成插层型纳米复合材料,气体阻隔性能得到显著提高,相关力学性能也得以改善.     

环氧树脂/粘土纳米复合材料的制备与性能研究

研究了有机蒙脱土在环氧树脂中的插层和剥离行为,制备了两种环氧树脂/蒙脱土纳米复合材料并测试了其力学性能。实验结果表明,环氧树脂与有机土的相容性好,二者混合时环氧树脂很容易插入到粘土层间。使用经不同有机阳离子处理的两种有机蒙脱土,分别制得插层型和剥离型环氧/粘土纳米复合材料,力学性能结果表明,剥离型纳米复合材料的性能优于同组成的插层型纳米复合材料。     

原位插层聚合尼龙6/超分散有机蒙脱土剥离型纳米复合材料的结构和性能

采用原位插层聚合法制备了尼龙6/蒙脱土剥离型纳米复合材料,讨论了超分散有机蒙脱土的用量对复合材料性能的影响,用动态力学分析(DMA)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)等手段研究了纳米复合材料的结构和性能。结果表明,有机蒙脱土加入量为3%(质量分数,下同)时,复合材料综合性能最佳;有机蒙脱土的加入大大提高了尼龙6的综合性能,并提高了尼龙6的储能模量和玻璃化温度。有机蒙脱土在尼龙6基体中有良好的分散性和相容性,蒙脱土片层被完全剥离,在尼龙6基体中实现了纳米级分散。     

MC尼龙蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备与表征

在超声条件下以KH550硅烷偶联剂插层蒙脱土,采用阴离子聚合反应制备MC尼龙蒙脱土纳米复合材料(MMT/PA),并对改性蒙脱土和纳米复合材料的结构进行表征与性能测试。结果表明,在超声分散条件下KH-550硅烷偶联剂进入蒙脱土的片层间,增大层间距;聚合过程中己内酰胺进入蒙脱土的片层间,实现蒙脱土与己内酰胺的键性结合,并使得最终尼龙分子插层进入蒙脱土的片层间形成纳米复合材料。蒙脱土以部分剥离的多片层聚集体均匀地分散在尼龙基体中,起到增强增韧作用,当蒙脱土含量在3%左右时纳米复合材料的力学性能达到最优。     

UP/Na-MMT纳米复合材料的制备与性能

研究了UP／Na-MMT纳米复合材料的制备与性能，并考察了插层剂种类、有机蒙脱土加入量及离子交换量对复合材料性能的影响。结果表明，UP／Na-MMT纳米复合材料的XRD曲线中蒙脱土晶体结构的布拉格衍射峰已经消失，说明其晶层已被树脂撑开，达到纳米级分散；复合材料的耐热性能得到明显改善，其冲击强度和拉伸强度均有较大提高。     

The comparison of EPDM/clay nanocomposites and conventional composites in exposure of gamma irradiation

The effect of gamma irradiation on the properties of EPDM/clay nanocomposites and its conventional composites with pristine clay is studied. The dispersion of the silicate layers in the EPDM matrix is characterized by XRD (X-ray Diffractometer) and TEM (Transition Electron Microscopy) analyses. XRD and TEM results indicate that the alkylammonium chains are intercalated between the nanolayers silicate after modification. The mechanical behavior of samples is investigated by dynamic mechanical analysis and tensile test. The DMTA results demonstrate that their α-relaxation peaks are shifted to higher temperature, and storage modulus increases with increase of irradiation dose. The experimental data suggest that the exposure of EPDM hybrids to gamma rays improves the tensile strength of samples at lower irradiation doses due to cross-linking effect. The nanocomposites exhibit superior irradiation-resistance properties than that of unfilled EPDM and conventional composites.     

St-PMI-AN/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备与性能

采用乳液插层聚合的方法制备了苯乙烯（St）-N-苯基马来酰亚胺（PMI）-丙烯腈（AN）/蒙脱土纳米复合材料,并对复合材料的结构、热性能及力学性能进行了表征.结果表明,与蒙脱土插层复合后,复合材料的综合性能有很大提高.采用未经有机化处理的蒙脱土（MMT）制备St-PMI-AN/MMT纳米复合材料,制备工艺比采用有机化蒙脱土（OMMT）简单,而且得到的复合材料的综合性能与St-PMI-AN/OMMT相当,甚至其冲击强度略高.     

EPDM/PS交替多层复合材料的力学性能分析

用自行设计的微纳多层共挤出体系制备了三元乙丙橡胶/聚苯乙烯(EPDM/PS)交替多层复合材料。偏光显微镜和扫描电镜分析表明, 所制备的复合材料具有规则层状交替结构。与同组分的一般共混样品相比, 64层EPDM/PS交替复合材料表现出不同的拉伸断裂行为: 初期的PS断裂行为和后期的EPDM拉伸行为。EPDM和PS层保持了较好的连续性, 且EPDM层阻止了PS层裂纹向相邻PS层的发展, 使64层样品与同组分的一般共混样品相比具有较高的拉伸强度和杨氏模量。讨论了在PS相中加入相容剂苯乙烯-乙烯-丁烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SEBS)对64层EPDM/PS交替复合材料力学性能的影响, 发现SEBS的加入提高了PS相的韧性, 并且改善了EPDM层与PS层界面的相互作用。      

溶液聚合制聚丙烯酰胺/蒙脱土纳米复合材料

利用溶液聚合法制备了聚丙烯酰胺／蒙脱土插层复合材料。XRD、IR等表明，聚丙烯酰胺已进入蒙脱土层间，并使之剥离。DSC表明，剥离型纳米复合材料的热稳定性提高，这是由于蒙脱土纳米片层与基体大分子链相互作用的结果。研究结果表明，复合材料调湿性能优于基体材料。     

Synthesis and characterization of thermoplastic polyurethane/montmorillonite nanocomposites produced by reactive extrusion

The novel polyurethane/montmorillonite (PU/MMT) nanocomposites based on poly (propylene oxide) glycol (POP), 4,4′-diphenymethylate diisocyanate (MDI), 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BD) and MMT has been synthesized using a one-step direct polymerization-intercalation technique by twin-screw extruder. Its structure and thermal properties are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and High-resolution electron microscopy (HREM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), respectively. The results of XRD and HREM analyses show that the silicate layer is well dispersed in PU matrix and this mesostructure can be considered as a delaminated nanocomposites. The TGA analysis indicates that the thermal stability properties of the PU/MMT nanocomposites are increased slightly compared with the pristine PU, due to the increase of the char residue. The mechanical and flammability performances are examined by electronic Universal Tester and Cone calorimetry, respectively. The layered silicate, which acts as a high aspect ratio reinforcement, enhances tensile strength of the PU. Specifically, there is a 25% increase in the tensile strength of PU nanocomposites containing 4 wt.% MMT compared with that of pristine PU. However, the elongation at break of PU/MMT nanocomposites is lower than that of pristine PU. The loading of MMT leads to the remarkably decrease of heat release rate (HRR), contributing to the improvement of flammability performance.     

不同改性蒙脱土对聚丙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料性能的影响

采用四种不同的改性剂对蒙脱土进行处理,在三单体固相接枝聚丙烯作用下,将聚丙烯与四种改性蒙脱土进行复合,制备聚丙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料,研究了四种复合材料的结构与力学性能.结果表明,经十六烷基三甲基氯化胺或自制的长碳链带有反应基团的不饱和季胺盐改性的蒙脱土与聚丙烯复合可制备性能优良的纳米复合材料,从力学性能来说,十六烷基三甲基氯化铵改性蒙脱土的效果最好.     

大分子偶联剂的合成及其对SiO_2/三元乙丙橡胶复合材料性能的影响

为改善SiO2在三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)复合材料中的分散性并获得良好界面性能,通过传统自由基聚合法合成了一系列不同接枝率的大分子偶联剂,即EPDM、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)和γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH-570)的三元共聚物。采用不同接枝率的大分子偶联剂对SiO2/EPDM复合材料进行改性。通过FTIR、1 H-NMR、TGA、DMA和SEM对三元共聚物的结构和SiO2/EPDM复合材料的性能进行研究。结果表明:添加了大分子偶联剂的SiO2/EPDM复合材料的相容性得到了显著改善,拉伸强度和撕裂强度比未经偶联剂处理的SiO2/EPDM复合材料分别提高了109.4%和44.0%;SiO2表面改性后的SiO2/EPDM复合材料的储能模量和玻璃化转变温度有所升高。     

Carbon black–clay hybrid nanocomposites based upon EPDM elastomer

The present study explored the effect of nanoclay on the properties of the ethylene–propylene–diene rubber (EPDM)/carbon black (CB) composites. The nanocomposites were prepared with 40 wt% loading of fillers, where the nanoclay percentage was kept constant at 3 wt%. As the modified nanoclay contains the polar groups and the EPDM matrix is nonpolar, a polar rubber oil extended carboxylated styrene butadiene rubber (XSBR), was used during the preparation of nanocomposites to improve the compatibility. Primarily the nanoclay was dispersed in XSBR by solution mixing followed by ultrasonication. After that EPDM-based, CB–clay hybrid nanocomposites, were prepared in a laboratory scale two roll mill. The dispersion of the different nanoclay in the EPDM matrix was observed by wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy. It was found that the mechanical properties of the hybrid nanocomposites were highly influenced by the dispersion and exfoliation of the nanoclays in the EPDM matrix. Thermo gravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis was carried out for each nanocomposite. Among all the nanocomposites studied, the thermal and mechanical properties of Cloisite 30B filled EPDM/CB nanocomposite were found to be highest.     

Preparation and characterization of poly (styrene-acrylonitrile) (SAN)/clay nanocomposites by melt intercalation

Poly (styrene-acrylonitrile) (SAN)/clay nanocomposites have been prepared by melt intercalation method from pristine montmorillonite (MMT), using hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (C16) and hexadecyl triphenyl phosphonium bromide (P16) as the reactive compatibilizers between polymer and clay. The influence of the reactive compatibilizers proportion relative to the clay on the structure and properties of the SAN/clay nanocomposites is investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The effects of the two different clays (MMT and organic modified MMT) on the nanocomposites formation, morphology and property are also studied. The results indicate that the SAN cannot intercalate into the interlayers of the MMT and results in microcomposites. In the presence of the reactive compatibilizers, the dispersion of clay in SAN is rather facile and the SAN/clay nanocomposites reveal an intermediate morphology, an intercalated structure with some exfoliation and the presence of small tactoids. The appropriate proportion with 3 wt% reactive compatibilizers to 5 wt% MMT induces well-dispersed morphology and properties in the SAN matrix. The TGA analyses show that the thermal stability properties of the SAN/clay nanocomposites have been improved compared with those of the pristine SAN. The DMA results show that the storage modulus and glass transition temperature (Tg) of the SAN/clay nanocomposites have remarkably enhancements compared with the pristine SAN. At last the intercalation mechanism of the technology is discussed.