益生菌/草本提取物复方清咽作用的实验研究

目的探讨益生菌/草本提取物复方的清咽作用。方法大鼠灌胃给予益生菌和/或草本提取物45 d,依据2012修订的保健食品"清咽功能检验方法"进行大鼠棉球植入实验、大鼠足趾肿胀实验及小鼠耳肿胀实验。结果棉球植入实验中,益生菌高剂量、草本中剂量和高剂量、益生菌低剂量+草本中剂量、益生菌低剂量+草本高剂量、益生菌高剂量+低/中/高剂量草本剂量组,大鼠肉芽肿净量显著低于对照组(P0.05),具有干预肉芽肿(慢性炎症)形成的作用;足趾肿胀实验中,致炎1 h后,草本高剂量组大鼠足趾肿胀率显著降低(P0.05),致炎1、2、6h后,益生菌高剂量+草本高剂量组足趾肿胀率均显著低于对照组(P0.05)且低于益生菌高剂量组和草本高剂量组,提示益生菌草本高剂量复方干预致炎剂诱发的足趾肿胀作用效果优于单独给予高剂量益生菌或高剂量草本;小鼠耳廓肿胀实验中,各组耳廓肿胀值及肿胀率均无显著变化。结论高剂量草本和益生菌草本高剂量复方样品具有清咽作用,且益生菌草本高剂量复方干预致炎剂诱导的急性炎症效果优于高剂量草本。     

沸玉菁茶清咽功能的实验研究

按照原《保健食品检验与评价技术规范》及国家食药监局《关于印发抗氧化功能评价方法等9个保健功能评价方法的通知》中的清咽功能检验方法进行,包括SD大鼠棉球植入、SD大鼠足趾肿胀、ICR小鼠耳肿胀3个实验。分别将SD大鼠及ICR小鼠按体重随机分为3个剂量组(41.6、83.3、249.9 mg/kg)和1个空白对照组,分别给予不同浓度的受试物和纯净水,每天1次,连续灌胃30 d。实验结束当天再给1次受试样品,计算肉芽肿净量、足趾肿胀率和耳廓肿胀率。与空白对照组相比,各剂量组大鼠棉球肉芽肿净重,高剂量组1 h大鼠足趾肿胀率显著降低,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。与空白对照组相比,受试物低、中剂量组耳廓肿胀率均低于溶剂对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。沸玉菁茶清咽功能实验结果阳性,说明其具有清咽功能。     

红景天提取物抗疲劳作用的研究

目的探讨蔷薇红景天提取物的抗疲劳作用。方法随机将健康Wistar大鼠分为4组,分别为红景天低剂量组(0.01 g/kg)、中剂量组(0.1 g/kg)、高剂量组(0.3 g/kg)和空白对照组(蒸馏水),连续灌胃给药15 d后,进行负重游泳实验,记录大鼠力竭性游泳时间,随后测定血乳酸、血清尿素氮、肌糖原以及肝糖原。结果与空白对照组比较,低、中、高3个剂量组大鼠游泳时间分别延长了50.9%,73.5%和53.7%;血乳酸分别下降了27.5%,23.1%和25.4%;血清尿素氮分别下降了16.5%,20.4%和20.0%;肝糖原分别提高了38.2%,65.4%和53.8%;肌糖原分别提高了46.9%,81.9%和83.1%。以上结果均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论红景天具有良好的抗疲劳作用。     

桑叶茉莉茶对糖尿病小鼠的降血糖作用

目的 研究桑叶茉莉茶对糖尿病小鼠的降糖功效,为桑叶茉莉茶产品的研发提供理论基础。方法 取60只雄性ICR小鼠,其中10只设为空白组,剩余50只进行一次性腹腔注射四氧嘧啶(0.2 g/kg)建立糖尿病小鼠模型,并将模型构建成功的小鼠分为模型组、桑叶茉莉茶低(0.5 g/kg)、中(1.0 g/kg)、高剂量组(2.0 g/kg)。给药4周后,研究不同剂量组对糖尿病小鼠的一般状态、摄食量、饮水量、空腹血糖值、脏器指数及肝脏中丙二醛(malondialdehyde, MDA)、过氧化氢酶(catalase, CAT)水平的影响。结果 与空白组相比,模型组小鼠行为呆滞,反应迟缓,其饮水量、摄食量、空腹血糖值及肝、肾、脾脏指数均显著升高(P＜0.01),表明糖尿病小鼠模型建立成功;与模型组相比,桑叶茉莉茶各剂量组小鼠行为状态略有好转,且中、高剂量组小鼠饮水量、摄食量、空腹血糖值及肝、肾、脾脏指数均显著降低(P＜0.01),肝脏中MDA水平也显著降低(P＜0.01),CAT水平显著升高(P＜0.01)。结论 桑叶茉莉茶具有降低四氧嘧啶型糖尿病小鼠血糖的作用。     

修净胶囊辅助降血脂功能的研究

目的研究修净胶囊的辅助降血脂功能。方法采用混合型高脂血症动物模型,SD大鼠按体重随机分为模型组(40只)和空白对照组(10只),模型组给予高脂饲料,空白组给予维持饲料,7天后将模型组大鼠根据血清总胆固醇水平随机分为模型对照组和修净胶囊低、中、高(0.2,0.4,0.8 g/kg)3个剂量组,每组10只。修净胶囊各剂量组灌胃给予相应剂量的受试样品30 d,模型对照和空白对照灌胃给予等容积的溶媒。第31天取血检测血清甘油三酯(TG),总胆固醇(TC),低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平。结果与模型对照组比较,0.8 g/kg剂量组大鼠血清TG和血清TC均显著降低(P0.05或P0.01),0.4和0.8 g/kg剂量组LDL-C显著降低(P0.05或P0.01),3个剂量组血清HDL-C无明显变化。结论修净胶囊具有辅助降血脂功能。     

蔷薇红景天低聚原花青素对D-半乳糖诱导小鼠过氧化损伤的拮抗作用

目的:探讨蔷薇红景天低聚原花青素(OPCRR)对D-半乳糖(D-gal)诱导小鼠过氧化损伤的拮抗作用。方法:采用D-半乳糖建立ICR小鼠过氧化模型中灌胃给予受试物连续49d,高、中、低剂量组分别添加蔷薇红景天原花青素320、160、80mg/kg·bw,考察血清和心、肝、脑组织中SOD、GSH、GSH-Px、MDA指标及肝、脑组织中的MAO指标。结果:与模型对照组相比,一定剂量的OPCRR可显著提高小鼠血清、心、肝、脑组织中SOD、GSH-Px活性,并显著降低MDA含量,且在高剂量组表现最突出;高剂量组血清、心、肝和脑组织中SOD活力分别增加了29.5%、28.1%、62.7%和90.8%,GSH-Px活性分别增加了67.8%、58.4%、32.1%和50.3%,MDA含量分别降低了19.2%、30.0%、33.3%和19.2%。此外,中、高剂量组极显著降低脑组织MAO活力(p<0.01),分别降低了22.3%和28.6%;高剂量组显著降低肝脏MAO活力(p<0.05),降低了36.5%。结论:OPCRR可一定程度地保护机体,拮抗D-gal的过氧化损伤,预防衰老。     

德国洋甘菊总黄酮对糖尿病小鼠的降血糖作用研究

目的研究德国洋甘菊中总黄酮对糖尿病小鼠的降血糖作用。方法将糖尿病小鼠随机分为5组:模型组、阳性组(盐酸二甲双胍150 mg/kg)、德国洋甘菊低(78.86 mg/kg)、中(157.73 mg/kg)、高(315.46 mg/kg)剂量组。连续灌胃给药4w后,测定小鼠体重、空腹血糖、糖化血清蛋白、血清胰岛素,分别测定各组小鼠口服葡萄糖0、30、60、120 min后的血糖值,并计算曲线下面积(area underthe curve,AUC)。结果与模型组比较,德国洋甘菊总黄酮各剂量组小鼠体重均有增加,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);德国洋甘菊总黄酮中、高剂量组小鼠空腹血糖降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);中、高剂量组小鼠糖耐量降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);中、高剂量组小鼠GSP水平降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);高剂量组小鼠胰岛素增加,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论德国洋甘菊总黄酮对糖尿病小鼠有一定的治疗作用。     

南极磷虾油灵芝孢子油纳米乳复合物提高小鼠的免疫功能

本文研究了乳化溶剂蒸发法制备的南极磷虾油与灵芝孢子油纳米乳复合物对小鼠免疫功能的作用效果。将350只健康雌性小鼠随机分为5批(N=70),每批随机分为7组(n=10),阴性对照组、纳米乳复合物与非纳米乳复合物低(0.25 g/kg·bw)、中(0.50g/kg·bw)、高(1.50g/kg·bw)剂量组,分别相当于人体推荐摄入量的5、10、30倍。经口灌胃30d,每日1次。检测受试物对小鼠各项免疫指标的影响。结果表明,与阴性对照组相比,纳米乳复合物低、中剂量组提高小鼠脾淋巴细胞转化能力分别为35.72%(p0.05)、157.13%(p0.01),高剂量组增强小鼠迟发性变态反应效果为32.41%(p0.05);中剂量组促进小鼠抗体生成细胞增殖效果为21.12%(p0.05),低、中、高剂量增强小鼠产生血清溶血素的效果依次为:63.22%(p0.01)、77.64%(p0.01)、55.31%(p0.01);中、高剂量组增强小鼠NK细胞的活性效果分别为58.92%(p0.01)和134.83%(p0.01),且经纳米乳化后效果优于单纯的复合物。南极磷虾油与灵芝孢子油纳米乳复合物对小鼠具有提高免疫力的作用。     

地龙蛋白胶囊对大鼠动静脉血栓生成的抑制作用

通过对小鼠的凝、出血时间,动、静脉血栓造模实验以及对大鼠凝血三项的检测实验,验证活性地龙蛋白胶囊在动物体内抗凝及抑制血栓生成的活性。ICR小鼠随机分为空白对照组,阳性药组,地龙低(22.50 mg/kg)、中(45.00 mg/kg)、高剂量组(90.00mg/kg),每天给予灌胃给药(1 mL/100 g),连续7 d。末次给药后1 h,于小鼠尾尖剪断和内眦球后静脉丛取血分别观察小鼠出、凝血时间。另有SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、阳性药组(13.00 mg/kg)、地龙低(15.63 mg/kg)、中(31.26 mg/kg)、高剂量组(62.52 mg/kg)。每天给予灌胃给药(1 mL/100 g),连续7 d。末次给药1 h后计算两侧颈总动脉及下腔静脉血栓形成抑制率以及眼底静脉丛取血观察凝血酶原时间(PT)、鞣花酸活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶时间(TT)。与正常组比较,地龙胶囊可以延长小鼠尾出血及凝血时间(p0.01),且具有剂量依赖性,高剂量组(90.00 mg/kg)延长尾出血活性(18.88 min)及凝血效果(82.63s)最好。另外,与模型组相比,地龙胶囊随剂量升高抑栓效果逐渐增强,高剂量组(62.52 mg/kg)活性最好(湿重抑制率76.53%;干重抑制率72.49%)。实验表明地龙胶囊具有抑制血栓生成的作用。     

沙棘原花青素软胶囊对酒精性肝损伤的保护作用

沙棘原花青素软胶囊(沙棘籽提取物、沙棘油、紫苏籽油组方)按人群推荐摄入量(人均3g/d)确定摄入剂量为0.05g/kg·BW(成人体重均值以60kg计),并按照人群推荐日摄入量的10,20,30倍设置低、中、高3个剂量组(即0.5,1.0,1.5g/kg·BW),连续灌胃SPF级昆明种小鼠30d后,以50%乙醇建立雄性小鼠化学性肝损伤模型,16h后测定各项指标。结果显示各剂量组间小鼠体重增长均无显著性差异(P0.05);在模型成立的情况下,高剂量组小鼠肝匀浆中MDA和TG含量显著降低(P0.05),还原性GSH含量显著升高(P0.05);病理组织学显示,高剂量组能显著减轻肝脏脂肪变性程度(P0.05)。说明沙棘原花青素软胶囊对酒精性肝损伤有保护作用。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Influence des ions sur le pouvoir hydratant de l'ure e: e tude sur peau de porc ex vivo

This study deals with the influence of ions (NaCl and MgSO4) in a W/O emulsion containing 10% urea. Moisturization kinetics are assessed by corneometry on pig skin ex vivo. The formula's influence on urea penetration is measured by infrared spectrometry with an ATR device and the stripping method. Corneometry and spectroscopy were chosen to record simultaneously the hydratation levels and urea localization into superficial cell layers. Urea crystallization after evaporation of emulsions and aqueous solutions is described. Results show that urea does not hydrate nor penetrate when applied to the skin through an aqueous gel. In a W/O emulsion, sodium chloride increases the ability of urea to moisturize without improving penetration. In vitro urea crystallization is disturbed by sodium chloride or magnesium sulphate for solutions and emulsions. This stabilization by ions is correlated with good moisturization values. The stabilization of urea in the solute state provided by ions increases its water epidermal binding capacity without enhancing penetration.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Analysis on Economic Indicators from 62 Enterprises in Printing Machinery Industry in Q1 2014

Operation of printing machine industry was still unsatisfactory in the first quarter of 2014.Analysis on operation of printing machine industry.a.Market demand was not strong;sales of product undulated and declined.According to the statistics,the total industrial output value fell by 19.28% in the first quarter of 2014 than the average quarter value in 2013; industrial added value decreased by 4.16%; sales revenue dropped by 22.83%. h. Business operation of enterprises was in poor condition. c. R＆D of new products is an important transformation guarantee for enterprises. d. To take self explore new ways upgrading advantages,and explore new ways.