HPLC法快速测定婴幼儿配方奶粉中维生素B_1

建立了快速测定婴幼儿配方奶粉中维生素B_1的高效液相色谱法。样品经水提取,饱和乙酸铅溶液沉淀蛋白,碱性铁氰化钾衍生,采用C_(18)色谱柱分离,以乙酸钠-甲醇(65∶35,V/V)为流动相,荧光检测器检测。该方法检出限为0.2 mg/kg,线性范围为0.01~1.0μg/m L,样品加标回收率在86.0%~88.8%之间。该方法样品前处理简便快速、测定结果符合定性定量要求,适用于婴幼儿配方奶粉中维生素B_1的测定。     

高效液相色谱法测定保健食品中三氯蔗糖的含量

目的建立一种保健食品中三氯蔗糖含量测定的高效液相色谱检测法。方法样品采用Rad pak C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)进行分离,以1.0 m L/min乙腈:水(V:V=15:85)为流动相,最后用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)-示差折光仪为检测器进行测定,外标法定量分析。结果高效液相色谱法在0.482~2.892 mg/m L浓度范围,三氯蔗糖的浓度和峰面积的线性良好,相关系数为0.999(r0.99),该方法的检出限和定量限分别为19.58 mg/g和65.27 mg/g,在不同的添加水平下,该方法的回收率范围为95.0%~95.6%,相对标准偏差为0.3%(n=9)。结论高效液相色谱法灵敏度、准确度均较高,适用于保健食品中三氯蔗糖的含量测定。     

HPLC法快速测定婴幼儿配方奶粉中维生素B1

建立了快速测定婴幼儿配方奶粉中维生素B1的高效液相色谱测定法.采用Zorbax XDB-C18(5μm,4.6mmx250mm i.d)K相色谱柱,以浓度为O.05 mol/L乙酸钠水溶液与甲醇比为65:35(体积比,调pH值为4.5)为流动相,流速为1.0 mL/min,进样量20μL.方法定量限为O.5 mg/kg,加标回收串92.1%～103.8%,线性范围O.O0～1.00 mg/L,相对标准偏差为4.34%.该法具有样品预处理简单,灵敏度高,分析时间短等优点,适用于婴幼儿配方奶粉中维生素B1的快速测定.     

婴幼儿配方奶粉中维生素B1的检测及其衍生物稳定性的研究

建立了测定婴幼儿配方奶粉中维生素B1的高效液相色谱法。样品在稀盐酸介质中恒温水解、中和再酶解,水解液用碱性铁氰化钾溶液衍生,正丁醇萃取后,经Agilent SB C18(150mm×4.6mm×5μm)色谱柱分离,高效液相-荧光检测器检测,外标法进行定量。同时对衍生产物的稳定性进行研究。结果表明,该方法检测维生素B1保留时间稳定且峰形良好,能够满足检测要求。本方法的线性范围为0.05～1.0 mg/L,相关系数为0.99992,维生素B1方法检出限为0.2 mg/kg,平均回收率为89.6%～97.7%,相对标准偏差小于5%。且经过试验,维生素B1衍生后保存条件对其含量没有多大影响,在16 h内有明显的降解(在10%以内),16 h后直至7 d内,维生素B1衍生产物含量趋于稳定,方便了今后的批量检测。     

高效液相色谱法测定奶粉中酪蛋白磷酸肽的含量

采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法对奶粉中酪蛋白磷酸肽(CPP)含量进行测定,样品通过调节p H、超声提取、离心分离和浓缩等方式进行前处理,C18柱分离,流动相为乙腈+0.1%TFA和水+0.1%TFA,梯度洗脱,检测波长215 nm,以保留时间定性,外标法定量,并与钡-乙醇沉淀法测定的结果进行对比。结果表明,HPLC检测CPP与杂质分离效果良好,线性范围0.1~2.0 mg/m L,加标0.1%~0.3%,回收率97.59%~100.00%;并测定多个厂家奶粉中的微量CPP,与实际添加量较接近,适用性良好,表明该方法简便,准确度和灵敏度高,其检测限为15.34 mg/kg、定量限为51.14mg/kg,适用于奶粉中微量CPP含量检测。钡-乙醇沉淀法测定奶粉中CPP含量结果与实际差别太大,不适用于奶粉中CPP含量的测定。     

HPLC-DAD/FLD测定婴幼儿配方奶粉中B族维生素及不确定度分析

建立了高效液相色谱法同时测定婴幼儿配方奶粉中维生素B2、烟酸、烟酰胺、吡哆醇、吡哆醛的方法。样品经1%甲醇的0.1%磷酸水溶液提取并沉降蛋白后,采用Thermo Hypersil GOLDTMaQ(5μm,4.6 mm×250 mm)分离,以二极管阵列检测器(DAD)和荧光检测器(FLD)串联模式检测。同时构建了不确定度评定模型,考察了不确定度的来源。结果表明,维生素B2、吡哆醇、吡哆醛在0.025～4.000μg/m L,烟酸、烟酰胺在0.125～20.00μg/m L范围内,标准曲线呈现良好的线性(R²>0.999),加标回收率在93.20%～108.00%(n=6),相对标准偏差(RSD)<8%。当婴幼儿配方奶粉中烟酸、烟酰胺含量为4 mg/100 g时,其扩展不确定度分别为0.300 mg/100 g(k=2)、0.182 mg/100 g(k=2);当吡哆醇、吡哆醛、VB2含量为800μg/100 g时,其扩展不确定度为100μg/100 g(k=2)、71.5μg/100 g(k=2)、41.9μg/100 g(k=2),其不确定度主要来源...     

高效液相色谱法测定乳粉及液态奶中牛磺酸含量

建立高效液相色谱法测定乳粉和液态奶中牛磺酸含量。样品用水溶解,超声提取10 min,提取液经亚铁氰化钾和乙酸锌沉淀蛋白后,离心,上清液用异硫氰酸苯酯和三乙胺衍生化,室温衍生1 h,加入正己烷为衍生化终止剂,静置分层,下层溶液用水定容后过0.22μm微孔滤膜,过滤液经Diamonsil AAA氨基酸分析柱(4.6×250 mm,5μm)分离,以0.05 mol/L乙酸钠水溶液(pH值=6.50)和甲醇/乙腈(1/1,V:V)为流动相进行梯度洗脱。采用外标法定量,在5.0～40μg/mL线性范围内相关系数(r)大于0.999,线性关系良好,定量限为5 mg/100 g(S/N≥10),添加水平为5、10、25 mg/100 g时,回收率范围在90%～108%之间,相对标准偏差范围为1.16%～2.24%。结果显示,本方法准确、可靠,满足乳粉和液态奶中牛磺酸含量的有效确定,特别对于特膳奶粉比GB方法更适合样品中牛磺酸含量的有效检测。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定婴幼儿配方食品中的叶黄素

建立了反相高效液相色谱法测定婴幼儿配方食品中叶黄素测定方法。选用色谱柱YMC Carotenoid4.6mm×250mm,5μm,以甲醇、甲基叔丁基醚为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速为1mL/min,于445nm波长下,测定婴幼儿配方食品中叶黄素的含量,叶黄素含量在0.0164～0.492μg/mL范围内呈线性关系,R=0.9998,平均回收率为99.2%,RSD为1.1%。该方法可以简便准确的测定婴幼儿配方食品中叶黄素的含量。     

HPLC法测定婴幼儿配方奶粉中香兰素

建立了婴幼儿配方奶粉中香兰素的高效液相色谱测定法。方法采用C18（5um,4.6mm×250mm i.d）反相色谱柱,流动相为乙腈和0.02moL/L磷酸二氢钠溶液（调pH值4.0）,流速1.0mL/min,检测波长276nm,柱温30℃,进样量20μL。方法定量限10mg/kg,加标回收率96.9%～102.8%,线性范围1.00～50.00μg/mL,相对标准偏差为2.15%。该法具有样品预处理简单,灵敏度高,分析时间短等优点,适用于婴幼儿配方奶粉中香兰素的快速测定。     

超高效液相色谱法测定婴幼儿配方奶粉中5种核苷酸

建立并优化了超高效液相色谱检测婴幼儿配方奶粉中5种核苷酸(尿苷酸(UMP)、腺苷酸(AMP)、肌苷酸(IMP)、鸟苷酸(GMP)、胞苷酸(CMP))的方法。样品用水提取后,经乙酸沉淀蛋白质和Oasis HLB固相萃取柱净化,采用Waters BEH Amide(1.7μm,2.1×100 mm)色谱柱分离,以乙腈、10 mmol/L磷酸二氢钠溶液和0.1%(v/v)磷酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,紫外检测器(波长为254 nm)检测。标准曲线相关系数为0.9995～0.9999;回收率为97.0%～102%之间;6次样品测定5种核苷酸RSD为2.5～4.7%;定量限为1.5～2.0 mg/kg。该方法分离效果好,回收率高,重复性好,可作为婴幼儿配方奶粉中5种核苷酸的有效检测方法。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.