高交联马铃薯淀粉非糊化特性研究

研究了以三氯氧磷为交联剂制备非糊化的高交联马铃薯淀粉的方法，测定了反应的取代度和布拉班德粘度曲线，研究了在沸水中受热后非糊化淀粉的颗粒形貌及粒度分布等特性。提出高交联非糊化马铃薯淀粉存在着不同于原淀粉颗粒的沸水中只发生轻度有限溶胀的非糊化颗粒态。     

三偏磷酸钠高交联玉米淀粉非糊化特征研究

研究了以三偏磷酸钠为交联剂制备非糊化的高交联玉米淀粉的方法，测定了反应的取代度和布拉班德粘度曲线，提出高交联玉米淀粉与原淀粉颗粒不同，在沸水只发生轻微溶胀，呈非糊化颗粒态。     

高交联木薯淀粉的非糊化特性

以三氯氧磷为交联剂制备非糊化的高交联木薯淀粉,并测定了反应的取代度和布拉班德粘度曲线,研究了在沸水中受热后非糊化淀粉的颗粒形貌及粒度分布等特性．提出高交联非糊化木薯淀粉存在着不同于原淀粉颗粒的在沸水中只发生轻度有限溶胀的非糊化颗粒态     

三偏磷酸钠高交联马铃薯淀粉非糊化特征研究

研究了以三偏磷酸钠为交联剂制备非糊化的高交联马铃薯淀粉的方法;测定了反应的取代度和布拉班德粘度曲线,提出高交联马铃薯淀粉与原淀粉颗粒不同,在沸水中只发生轻微溶胀,呈非糊化颗粒态。     

高交联木薯淀粉非糊化特征研究

研究了以三偏磷酸钠为交联剂制备非糊化的高交联木薯淀粉的方法,测定了反应的取代度和布拉班德粘度曲线,提出高交联木薯淀粉与原淀粉颗粒不同,在沸水中只发生轻微溶胀,呈非糊化颗粒态。     

三偏磷酸钠交联马铃薯淀粉颗粒膨胀历程及溶胀机理研究

本文利用淀粉与三偏磷酸钠的交联反应，通过控制交联反应程度，成功地控制了交联淀粉颗粒地膨胀并使其停留在不同的溶胀阶段，详细地研究了处在不同溶胀阶段交联淀粉颗粒的结构特征和变化趋势，揭示了交联淀粉颗粒由高交联非糊化到低交联溶胀糊化具体地膨胀历程及溶胀机理，即交联马铃薯淀粉是以颗粒尾端为主的不均衡膨胀。     

三氯氧磷交联马铃薯淀粉颗粒膨胀历程及溶胀机理研究

利用淀粉与三氯氧磷的交联反应 ,通过控制交联反应程度 ,成功地控制了交联淀粉颗粒的膨胀并使其停留在不同的溶胀阶段。本文详细地研究了处在不同溶胀阶段交联淀粉颗粒的结构特征和变化趋势 ,揭示了交联淀粉颗粒由高交联非糊化到低交联溶胀糊化的膨胀历程及溶胀机理 ,即交联马铃薯淀粉是以颗粒尾端为主的不均衡膨胀。     

木薯淀粉与黄原胶共混干热改性研究

研究了干热反应的温度、时间及共混物pH对木薯淀粉及黄原胶共混物的影响,对改性产物的交联度、淀粉糊粘度及透明度进行测定,用X-射线衍射仪(XRD)对淀粉结构进行分析。结果表明,干热处理能有效抑制淀粉糊化,降低透明度,证明木薯淀粉和黄原胶发生了交联反应,且淀粉与黄原胶在碱性条件下混合有利于交联反应的进行,交联程度随反应温度和时间的增加而增加。     

湿热交联甘薯抗性淀粉的制备及理化性质研究

以甘薯淀粉为原料,采用湿热交联协同处理,制备高含量抗性淀粉,探究最佳工艺条件并研究了其理化性质。结果表明,当交联剂质量分数为10%、pH11.5、水分20%及温度120℃时,制备的抗性淀粉质量分数达72.45%,结合磷质量分数为0.39%。通过31 P NMR检测,RS质量分数为72.45%产物中含有磷酸二淀粉酯(DSMP),而没有发现磷酸单淀粉酯(MSMP)。扫描电镜和偏光显微镜观测结果表明:在高水分下进行交联反应,淀粉颗粒易受水汽和热能的影响而部分糊化,表面发生部分破裂,从而影响淀粉的抗酶解性。X-射线衍射图谱显示,甘薯抗性淀粉的晶型仍为C型,但相对结晶度有稍许变化。糊化温度随水分增加而升高,糊化焓值则明显降低。     

锥栗变性淀粉的热特性与结晶结构

应用差示扫描量热仪和X-射线衍射仪,研究了锥栗变性淀粉的热特性和结晶特性。结果表明:与原淀粉(或多孔淀粉)相比,交联淀粉(或交联多孔淀粉)糊的抗老化性、抗剪切性、抗酸性和冻融稳定性均有较大提高;锥栗原淀粉、多孔淀粉、交联淀粉和交联多孔淀粉糊化焓依次增高,而多孔淀粉、原淀粉、交联多孔淀粉和交联淀粉的糊化温度则依次增高;锥栗交联淀粉、原淀粉、交联多孔淀粉和多孔淀粉的结晶度、微晶尺寸依次增加,而微晶间距依次缩小。     

Cross-linking of wheat starch improves the crispness of deep-fried battered food

Wheat starches with different degrees of cross-linking were used to study the effect of starch gelatinization in the batter and crust characteristics of deep-fried battered food. Pasting properties, viscosity and batter pick up as well as moisture and oil content and crispness of the fried crusts were evaluated. In batters prepared with a constant solids/water ratio, the cross-linked starches increased batter viscosity and consequently the batter pick up. Batters, with comparable viscosity were prepared by varying the solid/water ratio which gave the same batter pick up.The pasting properties of cross-linked starches showed that the higher the cross-linking the more resistant was the starch to gelatinization and granule disintegration. In batters with a constant solids/water ratio, batter with high cross-linked starch had more water loss during frying. Cross-linked starches had lower moisture content after storage and less oil was retained after frying. Crispness, measured instrumentally as sound intensity, was the highest for the high cross-linked starch at 1 and 20 min after frying.Batters prepared with the same viscosity were used to study the effect of cross-linked starches when the pick up was the same. To obtain comparable viscosities between the batters, the batter with native starch was prepared using the lowest mixing water content and the one with high cross-linked starch with the highest. The batter with the high cross-linked starch, although it had the highest addition of water, had the best crispness after frying.In conclusion, high cross-linking of wheat starch enhances crispness perception of deep-fried battered food.     

玉米多孔淀粉颗粒结构及性质的研究

多孔淀粉是生淀粉酶在低于淀粉糊化温度下水解各种淀粉形成的一种中空的变性淀粉。作为一种高效、无毒、安全的新型有机吸附剂被广泛用于食品、医药、农业、化妆品、造纸等行业。本文探讨原淀粉被生淀粉酶水解后颗粒结构和性质的变化,为多孔淀粉工业化生产和拓宽其应用范围提供一定的理论依据。采用比表面积分析仪、扫描电镜、X射线衍射分析和差热分析等测试方法对酶解前后的玉米淀粉颗粒进行结构和性能分析。通过BET法测定的多孔淀粉的比表面积、比孔容大小均比原淀粉增大,淀粉颗粒表面呈蜂窝状,孔密度均一,结晶度提高,糊化温度范围变窄,但是吸热焓无显著变化。原淀粉通过生淀粉酶在低于淀粉糊化温度下水解得到的多孔淀粉缓释载体,其颗粒结构及性质均发生了变化。     

交联淀粉在纺织工业中应用的研究进展

交联淀粉属变性淀粉的一种,是以淀粉为原料,通过交联剂的交联作用而制备,其颗粒性能稳定,提高了糊化温度,具有良好的耐酸、耐碱、耐热及高抗剪切性等特点。简要介绍了交联淀粉的制备,综述了交联淀粉在纺织工业中应用的研究进展,讨论了目前研究中存在的问题,展望了其今后的发展趋势。     

交联变性对淀粉性质影响的研究进展

交联变性是常用的一种淀粉改性方法,交联淀粉性质受淀粉源、交联剂的种类、浓度以及交联方法等因素影响。文章综述交联变性对淀粉理化性质、微观结构、热力学特性、晶体结构等性质的影响,为特定功能的交联淀粉的研发及应用提供思路。     

非晶颗粒态玉米淀粉制备方法

系统地报道了水分散体系高温溶胀、常温碱分散体系强碱溶胀作用非晶颗粒态玉米淀粉制备方法,采用偏光显微镜对多晶态向非晶态的变化进行了确认,提出在一定条件下,高交联玉米淀粉可以由原淀粉多晶颗粒态制备成只含无定形结构的非晶颗粒态淀粉。     

Partial Leaching of Granule‐Associated Proteins from Rice Starch during Alkaline Extraction and Subsequent Gelatinization

Starch granule‐associated proteins, including granule‐bound starch synthase (GBSS), were found to be partially lost during alkaline extraction of rice starch. Variability in amount of loss of GBSS and other granule proteins was found among different rice lines. Also, part of the GBSS and other granule proteins leached out during gelatinization of the alkali‐extracted rice starch. Confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed that some protein still existed in gelatinized starch granules prepared from starch isolated using alkaline extraction. The starch that retained more GBSS and other granule proteins after alkaline extraction tended to have more protein in the isolated gelatinized starch granules, indicating that proteins resistant to alkaline extraction also tended to resist leaching during gelatinization. The study suggests that leaching of granule‐associated proteins may contribute to variations in paste properties of alkali‐extracted starches.     

莲藕淀粉的糊化特性研究

以莲藕淀粉为原料,采用X- 射线衍射仪、动态流变仪对莲藕淀粉糊化特性进行系统研究并探讨了莲藕淀粉的糊化机理。通过测定莲藕淀粉糊的润胀特性、碘蓝值和酶解力的变化及晶体崩解变化综合分析了淀粉的糊化过程。莲藕淀粉糊化的本质是淀粉颗粒的润胀、晶体的崩解和直链淀粉的释放。莲藕淀粉在过量水分下糊化形成以直链淀粉溶液为连续相和以支链淀粉颗粒或团块为分散相的多相体系。     

芋头淀粉的研究

本文研究了芋头淀粉的性质，实验采用高分辨分析透射电子显微镜JEM2010拍摄了芋头淀粉颗粒的形态；用D／max2550V型X射线衍射仪测定了X-光衍射图样及结晶结构；用高效液相色谱仪测定了芋头淀粉及其直、支链淀粉的重均聚合度、数均聚合度、分子量分布及分散度等，并与大米淀粉进行了比较。在淀粉的应用中，糊的性质至关重要，实验采用德国Branbender连续粘度计，通过测定芋头淀粉在不同浓度、pH及蔗糖添加量下的粘度曲线，研究了不同条件对糊粘度的影响。为指导芋头淀粉生产、开发和应用提供理论基础。     

Isolation of Velvet Bean (Mucuna pruriens) Starch: Physicochemical and Functional Properties

The velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens) is an excellent potential starch source as it contains approximately 52 % of this carbohydrate. The physicochemical and functional properties of velvet bean starch were evaluated and compared to those of other starches. The chemical composition was: moisture 10.78 %; solid matter: protein 0.71 %; fiber 0.54 %; ash 0.28 %; fat 0.40 %; starch 98.1 %; and phosphorus 0.015 %. Amylose content was higher (39.21 %) than in tuber and cereal starches but similar to other legume starches. Average granule size was 23.6 μm, granules having an oval shape. Paste properties were: gelatinization temperature, 74.82 °C; gelatinization temperature range, 70—80 °C; and alkali number, 3.22. Gels produced with velvet bean starch were firmer than those produced with corn starch, and had a higher degree of retrogradation, even at high concentrations. At 90 °C, solubility was 16.2 % and swelling power was 16.17 g of water/g of starch. Given these properties, velvet bean starch has potential applications in food products requiring high temperature processing, such as jams, jellies and canned products.     

Comparative analysis of starch properties of different root and tuber crops of Sri Lanka

The physicochemical properties of starches of six different root and tuber crop species grown mainly in Sri Lanka showed significant differences among the tested crop species and varieties. The median granule size of starch of tested root and tuber crop species varied from 33.5 to 10.2 μm. The largest granule size and the highest blue value were given by the canna, Buthsarana, and yam species, in that order. The amylose content of cassava was higher than those of sweet potato and many yams. High peak viscosities, high breakdown, and high final viscosities were observed in yams, and, generally, such starch showed a high swelling power. According to the correlation analysis, these pasting properties would mainly be due to their larger starch granule size. Based on the thermal properties, cassava starch showed less energy requirement for gelatinization and thus gelatinized at lower temperatures. Furthermore, a higher susceptibility of raw cassava starch toward fungal glucoamylase was observed. The low enzyme digestibility of raw yam starch would be due to its large granules. Correlation analysis showed that the blue value and starch granule size were important in determining the pasting, thermal, and other properties of starch.