非晶颗粒态马铃薯淀粉的制备方法

报道了水分散体系高温溶胀、常温碱分散体系强碱溶胀作用非晶颗粒态马铃薯淀粉的制备方法 ,采用偏光显微镜对多晶态向非晶态的变化进行了确认 ,提出在一定条件下 ,高交联马铃薯淀粉 ,可以由原淀粉多晶颗粒态制备成只含无定形结构的非晶颗粒态淀粉     

高交联玉米淀粉的非晶化特性

研究了以三氯氧磷为交联剂的高交联玉米淀粉的制备方法,报道了高交联玉米淀粉颗粒随反应取代度增加而逐渐非晶化的现象.采用偏光显微镜和广角X-射线衍射对其由多晶态向非晶态的渐变过程进行了研究,提出高交联玉米淀粉中存在不同于原淀粉多晶颗粒态的只含无定形结构的非晶颗粒态。对非晶颗粒态高交联玉米淀粉颗粒的粒度分布的进一步研究结果还表明,此时的淀粉颗粒发生了轻度的膨胀。     

甲醛交联高温溶胀法制备非晶颗粒态玉米淀粉

甲醛作为交联剂,高交联改性玉米淀粉后水域加热至78℃制备非晶颗粒态淀粉。考察不同的交联剂用量对原玉米淀粉非晶化的影响。用偏光显微镜观测处理后淀粉颗粒结构,结合X射线衍射曲线确认淀粉由多晶态向非晶态的变化。结果表明,当交联剂甲醛用量达到12.5%(淀粉干基)的时候,玉米淀粉可由多晶颗粒态的原淀粉制备出只含无定形结构的非晶颗粒态淀粉。     

环氧氯丙烷交联沸水溶胀制备非晶颗粒态淀粉

采用环氧氯丙烷高交联改性的方法处理玉米淀粉,然后对交联淀粉水浴加热至100℃制备非晶颗粒态淀粉.考察不同的交联剂用量对玉米原淀粉非晶化的影响.用偏光显微镜观测处理后淀粉颗粒结构,结合X射线衍射曲线确认淀粉由多晶态向非晶态的变化.结果表明,当交联剂环氧氯丙烷用量达到8.0%(淀粉干基)的时候,玉米淀粉可由多晶颗粒态的原淀粉制备出只含无定形结构的非晶颗粒态淀粉.     

混合酸交联高温溶胀制备非晶颗粒态淀粉

采用已二酸和醋酸酯的混合酸交联处理玉米淀粉,然后对交联淀粉水浴加热至80℃制备非晶颗粒态淀粉.本文考察了不同的交联剂用量对玉米原淀粉非晶化的影响.用偏光显微镜观测处理后淀粉颗粒结构,结合X射线衍射曲线确认淀粉由多晶态向非晶态的变化.结果表明,当交联剂用量达到13%（淀粉干基）的时候,玉米淀粉可由多晶颗粒态的原淀粉制备出只含无定形结构的非晶颗粒态淀粉.     

乙醇溶剂保护法制备非晶颗粒态玉米淀粉

基于乙醇溶剂具有抑制淀粉颗粒膨胀的特性,研究制备非晶颗粒态玉米淀粉的新方法。将玉米淀粉、水与乙醇按不同比例混合并在高温下反应,用偏光显微镜观测处理后的淀粉颗粒结构,结合X射线衍射曲线确认淀粉由多晶态向非晶态的变化。结果表明:当乙醇体积分数为50%,淀粉乳质量浓度为0.25 g/mL时,在85℃条件下反应,可以制备出质量较好的非晶颗粒态玉米淀粉。     

以捏合机为反应器制备非晶颗粒态玉米淀粉

以捏合机为反应器,研究制备非晶颗粒态淀粉的新方法。将淀粉与水分按不同比例混合并在高温下反应,用偏光显微镜观测处理后的淀粉颗粒结构。结果表明,当淀粉与水分质量比为3∶6时,温度80℃维持30min,90%以上的原玉米淀粉多晶颗粒态转化成无定形结构的非晶颗粒态。     

高温水分散体系交联玉米淀粉的非晶化现象研究

研究了用三偏磷酸钠为交联剂制备高交联玉米淀粉的方法,采用偏光显微镜和广角X-射线衍射对交联玉米淀粉由多晶态向非晶态的渐变过程进行了详细报道,发现了随着温度的升高交联玉米淀粉逐渐非晶化现象,提出在高温条件下交联玉米淀粉存在着只含无定型结构的非晶颗粒态,并用扫描电镜对非晶颗粒态玉米淀粉的结构进行了详细研究.     

高交联木薯淀粉非晶化特性研究

研究了以三氯氧磷为交联剂的高交联木薯淀粉的制备方法,报告了高交联木薯淀粉颗粒随反应取代度增加而逐渐非晶化的现象;同时,采用偏光显微镜和广角Ｘ－射线衍射对其由多晶态向非晶态的渐变过程进行了研究,提出高交联木薯淀粉存在着不同于原淀粉多晶颗粒态的只含无定形结构的非晶颗粒态。对非晶颗粒态高交联木薯淀粉颗粒的粒度分布的进一步研究结果还表明,此时的淀粉颗粒发生了轻度有限的膨胀     

高交联马铃薯淀粉非晶化特性研究

研究了以三氯氧磷为交联剂的高交联马铃薯淀粉的制备方法,报道了高交联马铃闰随反应承代度增加而逐渐非晶化的现象,同时,采用偏光显生镜和广角Ｘ－射线衍射对其由多晶态向非晶态的渐变过程进行了研究,提出主交联马铃薯淀粉存在着不同于原淀粉多晶颗粒态的只含无定形结构的非晶颗态。对非晶颗粒态高交联马铃薯淀粉颗粒的粒度分布的进一步研究还表明,此时的淀粉颗粒发生了轻度有限的膨胀。     

微波作用对木薯淀粉颗粒结晶的影响

利用物理场中微波对木薯淀粉颗粒进行处理,考察微波作用对木薯淀粉结晶形态的影响,通过偏光显微镜和扫描电镜观察作用后的木薯淀粉颗粒的结晶结构的变化。实验结果表明,微波作用木薯淀粉,以水为溶剂,配置木薯淀粉悬浮液的含量12.5%,微波作用时间60s,功率160W时,木薯淀粉状态最佳,此时的木薯淀粉颗粒不仅保持着原木薯淀粉的颗粒形状,无溶胀变大或者出现淀粉凝胶和糊化的现象,并且木薯淀粉颗粒的偏光十字呈现减弱或消失的状态,木薯淀粉颗粒的结晶结构减弱或消失。微波作用破坏了淀粉的结晶结构,使颗粒表面与反应试剂的接触面积增多,从而提高了反应活性。     

高温水分散体系交联马铃薯淀粉的非晶化现象研究

研究了用三偏磷酸钠为交联剂高交联马铃薯淀粉的制备方法,采用偏光显微镜和广角X-射线衍射对交联马铃薯淀粉由多晶态向非晶态的渐变过程进行了详细报道发现了随着温度的升高交联马铃薯淀粉逐渐非晶化现象,提出在高温条件下交联马铃薯淀粉存在着只含无定型结构的非晶颗粒态,并用扫描电镜对非晶颗粒态马铃薯淀粉的结构进行了详细研究。     

New insights into loss of swelling power and pasting profiles of acid hydrolyzed starch granules

The effect of acid hydrolysis on the swelling power of pea starch granules was studied by field emission SEM (FE‐SEM). The swelling power of the native starch granules (g water absorbed/g dry starch) was 13, and this decreased to less than 2 after 1 day of acid hydrolysis. The proportion of the starch that was soluble in hot water increased from 15% for native starch to 75% after 1 day of hydrolysis. The swelling power of the starch decreased further, and solubility increased, with more extended hydrolysis. The decrease in swelling power and increase in solubility were attributed mainly to the disruption of side chains of amylopectin. Observations with FE‐SEM indicated that starch granules were still able to melt and coalesce after 1 day of acid hydrolysis, but after 2 days solubilization of starch chains occurred predominantly rather than swelling when the granules were heated in excess water. The intactness of amylopectin is proposed to play a crucial role in the swelling power of starch granules and in the structure of granule ghosts.     

板栗淀粉加工特性的研究注

通过对板栗淀粉的纯化和有关成份测试,探索板栗淀粉加工特性指标。包括淀粉颗粒形貌,RVA分析结果,溶解度与膨胀度,糊化温度,直链,支链淀粉的含量等。并与马铃薯淀粉,玉米淀粉进行了比较。     

Physicochemical and Morphological Characteristics of Nixtamalized Maize Starch

The effect of nixtamalization on physicochemical and morphological characteristics of starch was studied. Determination of total starch, ash and amylose content, of swelling and solubility, gelatinization characteristics and morphological studies were carried out in starch isolated from native (S) and nixtamalized (NS) maize flours. Thermal analysis showed that nixtamalization produced starch annealing due to the higher gelatinization temperature obtained for NS. However, S had slightly lower enthalpy values. The swelling profile was similar for both starches, but the solubility values at the temperatures assessed were slightly higher in the NS samples. At temperatures below gelatinization, the granules showed the Maltese cross while at higher temperatures only ghost of granules were observed. The nixtamalized starch had larger granule sizes than the native starch, due to the partial swelling produced in the heating during the nixtamalization process. Larger granule sizes were also observed by image analysis, because major axis and area parameters were higher in NS samples than in S samples. The nixtamalization process produced changes in chemical, thermal and morphological characteristics, becoming important in products obtained from nixtamalized maize.     

玉米淀粉颗粒的膨胀历程及结构特征研究

采用水分散体系将淀粉逐步升温的方法,对玉米淀粉颗粒膨胀历程和结构特征进行研究,结果表明玉米淀粉颗粒膨胀历程和结构特征为：由较大颗粒的“爆裂式”膨胀与较小颗粒“均匀式”膨胀相结合的方式。     

Use of Iodine as a Tool to Understand Wheat Starch Pasting Properties

The ability of iodine to bind amylose has been used to understand a variety of structural and functional aspects of starch in food systems. In this study, the changes in starch granule swelling, polymer leaching and their relationship to pasting properties was investigated by adding iodine to the starch slurry at either room temperature or 95°C. The objective of the study was to investigate the contribution of leached and solubilized starch polymers on the pasting behavior of wheat starch. The addition of very small amounts of iodine (0.1%, dry basis, db) at room temperature increased peak and final pasting viscosities as compared to when no iodine was added. Further increases in iodine concentration resulted in a decrease in peak and final pasting viscosities. The amount of iodine required to completely inhibit granule swelling was more than that required to minimize amylose leaching from the granule. Adding increasing amounts of iodine at 95°C to the starch slurry resulted in the gradual decrease in peak and final pasting viscosities. The contrasting effects of iodine on paste viscosity behavior when added at room temperature or at 95°C suggest that the contribution of extra‐granular amylose on the setback viscosity is minimal and a larger proportion of amylose is retained in the intragranular spaces.