发泡温度对CM海绵性能的影响

试验研究发泡温度对CM海绵性能的影响。结果表明,随着发泡温度的升高,CM胶料的硫化速率指数明显增大,CM海绵的发泡效率提高,表观密度减小,硬度、拉伸强度、拉断伸长率和撕裂强度均减小。综合CM海绵的外观和物理性能,CM硫化和发泡的最佳工艺温度为175℃。     

硫化温度对硅橡胶发泡硫化动力学及性能的影响

采用动力学方程自催化模型Sestak-Berggren以及Arrhenius方程研究了模压过程中交联以及发泡的活化能,并结合扫描电镜(SEM)照片研究了不同硫化温度条件下发泡试样的力学性能及静压缩条件下的载荷保持率。实验结果表明,硫化过程的活化能大于发泡过程,即温度对硫化过程的影响程度较为明显。硫化温度对发泡材料的泡孔结构有很大的影响,温度越高,发泡倍率越大,其泡孔也越加均匀紧密。静态压缩条件下,硫化温度越高,试样内部的载荷保持率下降速度越快,强度也越低。     

EPDM海绵密封条硫化体系与发泡体系的匹配研究

为研究EPDM硫化体系与发泡体系的匹配问题,采用不同硫化促进剂和不同有机发泡剂安排了4因素3水平的正交试验。结果表明,采用硫化活性较高的促进剂组合,所得胶料焦烧时间较短,交联程度较高,海绵密封条表面相对较为光滑,但发泡倍率不足;采用较慢硫化促进剂组合,所得海绵密封条外观质量最差,表面不光滑。发泡剂AC的分解温度高于发泡剂OBSH,应与稍慢硫化体系配合;发泡剂OBSH容易发泡,应与较快硫化体系配合,所得海绵密封条的表面质量较好。     

氯化聚乙烯/废旧轮胎胶粉共混发泡性能研究

采用模压法进行发泡,以氯化聚乙烯（CM）为基体,研究了胶粉用量、硫化温度、硫化助剂对CM发泡体的泡体性能、泡孔结构的影响。结果表明,CM发泡体随着胶粉用量的增加,发泡密度逐渐增加,泡孔体积及发泡倍率逐渐减少。综合CM发泡体的泡体性能及泡孔结构,当胶粉用量为10份,170℃下硫化7min,使用TCHC作硫化助剂时,可得到发泡效果好,断面均匀分布,泡孔结构明显的CM发泡体。     

EPDM牌号对其发泡材料结构与性能的影响

研究了EPDM牌号对其发泡材料结构与性能之间关系的影响。结果表明:3960胶料的乙烯含量和门尼黏度低较,第三单体含量较高,发泡材料泡孔数量多而密,孔径尺寸小且分布范围窄,硫化后网状结构紧密,交联密度较大,硫化程度较高,发泡倍率较大,对弹性贡献较大,相对硬度增加较多,受外力作用时,抵抗能力强,当外力撤除后,变形恢复能力强,主要表现为压缩永久变形小,动静刚度比小。     

打印机色带盒橡胶海绵导轮的研制

橡胶海绵导轮胶料配方主要组分：生胶为丁腈橡胶，发泡体系为发泡剂ＡＣ＋发泡助剂，硫化体系为硫黄＋促进剂ＤＭ／ＴＭＴＤ／Ｄ，补强填充剂为白炭黑，防老剂体系为防老剂ＭＢ／ＲＤ／石蜡并用。生产工艺：将胶料在平板硫化机上模压硫化（１６３℃×４６０ｓ）成海绵胶管后，用外圆磨床研磨胶管，再用车床（微机控制）切割胶管成轮。产品耐色带油墨和压缩永久变形两个关键指标优于日本件，装机强化试验运行４５３ｈ（远远超过技术指标）。     

发泡体系和硫化体系对NBR海绵性能的影响

探讨发泡体系、硫化体系以及混炼胶门尼粘度和硫化条件对NBR海绵性能的影响。结果表明,采用硫黄/硫化剂DTDM/促进剂CZ/DM/PZ/ZBX硫化体系与发泡剂H/OBSH/BK-1/碳酸氢铵水溶液/尿素发泡体系配合,混炼胶的门尼粘度[ML(1+4)100℃]控制为45~60,硫化条件为170℃×8 min时,胶料的硫化速度与发泡速度匹配,海绵的闭孔率大,泡孔极小且分布均匀,表面光滑,表观密度和压缩永久变形较小。     

炭黑对氯丁橡胶发泡材料结构及性能的影响

研究炭黑N550和N774对氯丁橡胶(CR)海绵硫化发泡特性、微观形貌以及物理性能的影响。结果表明,随着炭黑的加入,焦烧时间缩短,硫化速度加快,硫化与发泡的匹配基本不受影响。相同炭黑用量下,添加炭黑N550的发泡材料综合物理性能较好,添加炭黑N774的发泡材料易于形成较大的泡孔尺寸、较多的泡孔和较薄的泡孔壁。随着胶料门尼粘度增加,发泡材料的发泡倍率减小,相同门尼粘度下,使用炭黑N550的发泡材料发泡倍率较大。动态热力学分析试验表明,炭黑的加入能够提高在0℃以上CR发泡材料的阻尼系数,使用炭黑N550补强的发泡材料损耗因子较大,且阻尼峰较宽,阻尼效果更好。     

几种配合剂对平衡硫化体系NR胶料性能的影响

探讨促进剂、多功能助剂PA、防焦剂苯甲酸和白炭黑对平衡硫化体系NR胶料硫化特性和物理性能的影响。试验结果表明，采用促进剂D／NOBS并用的NR胶料焦烧时间较长和正硫化时间较短，硫化胶的拉伸强度、拉断伸长率和撕裂强度较高；加入多功能助剂PA使胶料的焦烧时间略有延长，硫化胶的拉断伸长率提高；采用苯甲酸作防焦剂可以大幅度缩短胶料的正硫化时间，提高硫化胶的拉伸强度、拉断伸长率和硬度；白炭黑和偶联剂Si69(质量比100／3)直接加入的胶料正硫化时间明显缩短，硫化胶的拉断伸长率和撕裂强度较大。     

二段硫化条件对均聚氯醚橡胶(CO)性能的影响

研究了二段硫化条件(硫化温度和硫化时间)对均聚氯醚橡胶(CO)基本性能和压缩永久变形性能的影响。结果表明,二段硫化温度越高,硫化时间越长,胶料的拉伸强度和定伸应力越大,硬度越高;而撕裂强度、伸长率、拉断永久变形以及压缩永久变形越小,其中胶料的硬度、拉伸强度、伸长率、压缩永久变形在一定时间后基本上趋于平衡,较好的二段硫化条件为150℃～160℃×3～4h。     

Study on foaming kinetics and preparation of EPDM foams

Abstract

The ethylene–propylene–diene terpolymer (EPDM) foam article was prepared by mixing a compound in a two roll mill, extruding the compound through a cold feed extruder and finally vulcanising the extrudate in a circulating hot air oven. The blowing kinetics of EPDM compounds was studied using a moving die rheometer, and the effect of blowing agent content and process temperature on the cell structures was investigated. The results show that kinetic parameters determined from the autocatalystic model equation have good agreement with the experimental results. The calculated activation energy of azodicarbonamide (AC) decomposition is higher than that of rubber cure, which indicates the rate of blowing agent AC decomposition accelerates more quickly than that of rubber vulcanisation with increasing temperature. The density of foam article decreases with increasing blowing agent content or elevated temperature. The foams have a closed cell structure and the larger cells inlay among the smaller cells, which shows cell materials with structural multihierarchy. This shows the rubber vulcanisation and blowing agent decomposition could match only using extremely slow accelerator diphenylguanidine (DPG), which is dissimilar to the conventional EPDM sponge requiring very quick scorch.     

混炼胶品种对硅橡胶海绵的结构和性能的影响

采用3种不同混炼胶，通过化学发泡方法制作了硅橡胶海绵。分别比较了3种海绵的泡孔结构与密度、硬度、拉伸强度、压缩应力松弛、压缩应力应变性能。实验结果表明，混炼胶的性能、海绵的密度是影响海绵材料力学性能的重要因素。     

Rheological behavior of a microcellular,oil-extended ethylene–propylene–diene rubber compound: Effects of the blowing agent curing agent,and conductive carbon black filler

The rheological behavior of microcellular, oil-extended ethylene–propylene–diene rubber (EPDM) compounds was studied in extrusions containing a blowing agent. The cell morphology development and rheological properties were studied for unfilled and conductive carbon black (Vulcan XC72, Cabot Corp., Ltd., Alpharetta, GA) filled compounds with variations of the blowing agent, extrusion temperature, and shear rate. The apparent shear stress, apparent viscosity, die swell (%), and total extrusion pressure of the Vulcan XC72 filled, oil-extended EPDM compounds were determined with a Monsanto processability tester (St. Louis, MO). The effects of the curing agent and blowing agent on the rheological properties of the compounds were also studied. A significant reduction in the stress and viscosity with the blowing agent was observed in the compound in the presence of the curing agent in comparison with those without the curing agent. The viscosity reduction factor was found to be dependent on the blowing agent loading, shear rate, and temperature. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

Water based blowing agents for rubber extrusion

Physiologically hazardous chemical blowing agents are state of the art for the foaming of extruded rubber profiles. Water is a potential alternative to these blowing agents and is incorporated into rubber compounds in the form of water-leaded hygroscopic substances such as carbon blacks, silica, or hydrates. To achieve an optimum foaming result, the water desorption and cross-linking reaction has to be coordinated. In thermogravimetric investigations it is found that the inertia of the evaporation process plays an important role in water desorption mechanisms. It turned out that manual conditioning of the hygroscopic fillers with water is not reproducible. As a consequence, measurement uncertainties in characterization resulted, so that statistical proof of the expected effects on water desorption due to the specific properties of the fillers (e.g., silanol group density, specific surface area) could not be provided. However, carbon blacks are less suitable than silica due to the lower desorption temperature. The precipitated silica Ultrasil 360 with a relatively high pH-value showed higher water desorption rates than the other silica. The desorption temperature can reproducibly be adjusted as required by a suitable choice of hydrate. Since the absolute amount of water in the rubber compound is crucial to the foaming behavior during vulcanization Karl Fischer titration is used to determine the water content of a polar and a nonpolar rubber compound is determined over several weeks. Depending on the climatic conditions during storage, large deviations from the amount of incorporated water occur especially for polar rubber compounds such as nitrile butadiene rubber.     

不同发泡剂及工艺条件对BR／SBR／NR发泡材料相结构及尺寸稳定性的影响

分别采用一段和两段模压法制备了以顺丁橡胶（BR）／丁苯橡胶（SBR）／天然橡胶（NR）为基体的橡胶发泡材料,研究了三种化学发泡剂N,N＇-二甲基戊次甲基四胺（H）、4,4＇-氧代双（苯磺酰肼）（OBSH）以及H／OBSH（质量比1：1）复配对发泡及硫化特性的影-向,以及3种发泡剂和2种成型工艺对收缩率及相结构的影响。结果表明,发泡剂H对硫化性能影响最大,含发泡剂H的混炼胶在分解过程中释放的热量最多;加入3种发泡剂都具有一种较大的泡孔镶嵌在较小的泡孔丛中的泡孔形态;密度和线收缩率均随着时间的增加而增加,经H／OBSH复配的发泡剂更适合该体系成型,材料线收缩率均比单独使用H和OBSH小,两段模压法可以有效地提高发泡材料的尺寸稳定性,收缩率降低至3．88％,同时发泡剂使用率最多可提高31．67％。     

发泡剂对EPDM海绵性能的影响

采用模压一步法制备EPDM海绵。研究发泡剂品种和用量对其性能的影响。结果表明，以发泡剂AC，OBSH或H制备EPDM海绵，最佳用量分别为5，5和3份；发泡剂用量为5份时，以发泡剂H制备的EPDM海绵发泡倍率最大。以发泡剂AC／OBSH，AC／H或OBSH／H并用制备EPDM海绵，最佳并用量分别为5，4和2份；发泡剂并用量为5份时，以发泡剂AC／OBSH并用制备的EPDM海绵发泡倍率最大。扫描电子显微镜观察发现．以发泡剂AC／OBSH井用制备的EPDM海绵微孔分散均匀。     

发泡剂对EPDM海绵性能的影响

采用热空气自由发泡制备EPDM海绵,研究发泡剂品种和用量对其性能的影响。结果表明,以发泡剂AC、OBSH和H制备EPDM海绵,最佳用量分别为15、10和10份;当发泡剂用量为10份时,以发泡剂OBSH制备的EPDM海绵发泡倍率最大。     

发泡剂对丙烯酸酯橡胶发泡材料性能的影响

采用模压法制备丙烯酸酯橡胶(ACM)发泡材料,研究了发泡剂品种和用量对其性能的影响。结果表明:以发泡剂4,4'-氧代双苯磺酰肼(OBSH)或偶氮二甲酰胺(AC)制备ACM发泡材料时,最佳用量分别为ACM用量的6%和7%;以复合发泡剂AC/OBSH、AC/碳酸氢钠、OBSH/碳酸氢钠分别制备ACM发泡材料时,最佳使用量分别为ACM用量的7%、7%、6%;当三组复合发泡剂使用量相同时,复合发泡剂AC/OBSH制备的ACM发泡材料发泡倍率最大,微孔孔径较一致,分散均匀。     

挤出发泡MVQ海绵的结构与性能

采用挤出发泡方法制备甲基乙烯基硅橡胶(MVQ)海绵,研究白炭黑、硫化剂和发泡剂用量对MVQ海绵泡孔结构和性能的影响.结果表明:MVQ海绵中含有大量闭孔结构,不同密度海绵的泡孔尺寸及分布密度存在差异;采用较低用量的白炭黑和发泡剂、较高用量的硫化剂可以得到密度和硬度较大的MVQ海绵;MVQ海绵的压缩应力松弛率随着密度的增大呈现先增大后减小的趋势,在密度为0.61 Mg·m-3时达到极大值18％;在低应力区域内,密度较大的试样应力增幅比密度较小的试样大.     

Effects of formulation and processing parameters on the morphology of extruded polypropylene‐(waste ground rubber tire powder) foams

This paper presents an experimental study of the foaming behavior of polypropylene (PP)/(waste ground rubber tire powder) (WGRT) blends when using a chemical blowing agent in an extrusion foaming process. The effects of formulations (i.e., WGRT content, blowing agent content, compatibilizer) and the processing parameters (i.e., die temperature, screw speed) on the void fraction, average cell size, cell density, and cell morphology of the PP/WGRT foams were investigated. The blowing agent loading affected the cell structure of the foams and the average cell size, and the void fraction increased with increasing blowing agent loading. Both increasing the screw speed and decreasing the die temperature could establish a high pressure drop in the extruder die, and these were beneficial to the foaming extrusion. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers