一种模块化机器人的标定方法研究

对一种可重构模块化机器人系统进行定位精度标定方法研究。采用装配映射矩阵描述任意给定的模块化机械臂组成模块间的装配关系,并根据装配信息自动生成指数积形式的运动学模型。根据指数积公式中关节旋量坐标的理论值和实际值之间的伴随变换关系将运动学模型改写成包含关节约束条件的等价形式。对运动学方程取微分得到机械臂末端定位误差与关节旋量误差及零位位置误差间的线性化模型。给出了一种基于最小二乘法的运动学参数标定模型及其生成方法。通过程序生成一种5自由度模块化机械臂的标定模型并采用激光跟踪仪作为测量设备进行运动学参数标定试验。试验结果表明标定过程能够快速收敛到稳定值。测试结果表明经参数标定机器人的平均定位精度提高了近4倍。     

绳驱动连续体机器人标定方法

为提高绳驱动连续体机器人的定位精度,提出了一种针对此类机器人的误差标定与补偿方法.该方法利用指数积(POE)公式建立连续体机器人关节模块的运动学模型,并利用运动学模型推导出误差传递模型.针对误差模型采用最小二乘方法进行误差的辨识,将辨识后的误差补偿至机器人的运动学模型,从而提高机器人关节模块的模型精度.制作了基于柔性支...     

可重构机器人误差旋量建模与灵敏度分析

针对可重构机器人模块结构设计制造与构型变化引起的尺寸及几何参数等静态误差,将可重构机器人静态几何参数误差等效为机器人关节上的结构误差和传动误差,并将其看成是一种假想广义运动副微小旋量运动的结果,从而建立可重构机器人含误差旋量的运动学指数积模型。基于可重构机器人输入误差与输出误差的关系,建立了误差参数灵敏度系数模型。基于MATLAB仿真分析了可重构机器人各误差参数的灵敏度系数以及误差参数对机器人末端位置的影响规律,有利于对可重构机器人轨迹精度进一步分析和优化,以及为不同精度要求的工业机器人设计与装配提供有效的理论支持。一种6自由度可重构机器人的仿真实验验证了误差旋量建模方法以及误差参数灵敏度分析方法是有效的。     

六轴工业机器人的误差补偿方法

提出一种基于误差模型的机器人运动学结构参数和角度参数补偿方法。利用D-H算法建立了机器人运动学方程,推导相对于末端坐标系的机器人运动学误差模型,提出将结构参数映射综合到关节角度参数的运动学参数补偿方法,为了解决补偿过程中各关节角度误差问题,设计了一套基于关节角度校正的机器人运动学参数补偿实验方法,实验结果验证了所提出方法的有效性。     

协作机器人的运动学误差模型及标定算法

针对六自由度协作机器人在实际应用中,由于加工、装配、传动和磨损等多方面因素,导致绝对定位精度低的问题,提出一种基于机器人工具末端的运动学误差模型建立方法.在无外部传感设备的条件下根据所设计的标定板,基于最小二乘法和采集的多组机器人实际位姿误差辨识误差模型,对机器人运动学参数与其理论值间的偏差进行补偿.修改底层控制器中参数,修正由于机器人内部机构偏差引起的绝对定位精度误差,提高机器人运行位置精度.     

一种可重构模块化机器人系统的运动学研究

介绍了一种可重构模块化机器人系统,进行了基于指数积法的模块化机器人的运动学研究。采用装配映射矩阵描述模块装配的拓扑结构信息。利用拓扑结构信息和模块坐标系间的齐次变换,获得了各个关节的旋量坐标并自动生成了基于全局指数积法的机器人运动学正解模型。通过对旋量坐标的伴随矩阵变换获得了机器人的空间雅克比矩阵,进而采用速度变换的方法得到了夹爪坐标系相对于空间坐标系的雅克比矩阵。采用Newton-Raphson迭代方法,利用雅克比矩阵的广义逆实现了运动学逆解的求解。并通过仿真实验验证了逆解求解方法的有效性。     

基于标定和关节空间插值的工业机器人轨迹误差补偿

轨迹精度是工业机器人重要的动态性能,目前工业机器人的轨迹精度远低于定位精度,提出一种基于机器人运动学标定和关节空间插值误差补偿的方法来提高机器人轨迹精度。基于MD-H方法建立机器人的运动学模型,在此基础上运用机器人微分运动学理论建立末端位置误差模型和轨迹误差模型。为克服最小二乘法等传统方法在数据噪声较大且不符合高斯分布时收敛慢甚至发散的问题,提出一种基于扩展卡尔曼滤波算法的机器人运动学参数辨识方法,实现运动学参数辨识的快速收敛。经过分析发现机器人误差在关节空间具有连续性的特点,为此提出一种关节空间插值误差补偿方法,建立网格形式的误差补偿数据库,并利用关节空间距离权重函数和已知的网格顶点误差计算各控制点的关节转角误差。通过试验对所提出的参数辨识和关节空间误差补偿方法进行了验证,试验结果表明：经过运动学参数辨识和补偿后机器人的绝对定位精度由1.039 mm提高到0.226 mm,轨迹精度由2.532 mm提高到1.873 mm,应用关节空间插值误差补偿后机器人的轨迹精度进一步提高到1.464 mm。     

关节机器人定位精度影响因素分析

通过调查研究找出机器人定位精度的影响因素,进行机器人运动学分析,建立以D-H模型为基础的MDH机器人运动学误差模型,结合已设计完成的机器人,利用SolidWorks软件的公差分析插件分析由零件制造误差、装配误差和关节间隙引起的运动学误差,得出机器人各关节精度偏差的极限值。分析结果得出在运动学因素的影响下,机器人名义位姿与实际位姿之间的误差较大,影响了机器人的定位精度,需进一步对其进行补偿。     

基于模块化关节的机器人结构设计和运动学分析

提出三种模块化转动关节,详述它们的结构参数,并用这三种模块化关节装配了写字机器人,对其进行运动参数 计算、运动学分析和写字的模拟实验。结果表明,提出的三种模块化关节在一定范围内能较好地实现模块化机器人的运 动功能。     

两步误差补偿法提高工业机器人绝对定位精度

针对大部分工业机器人结构需要满足Pieper准则无法直接补偿所有运动学参数误差的问题,提出一种两步误差补偿方法。首先,基于修正的D-H法和微分运动学建立机器人定位误差模型,建立机器人末端绝对定位误差与运动学参数误差之间的表达式;其次,利用最小二乘法迭代求解出运动学参数误差,并将可直接补偿的运动学参数误差直接补偿到机器人D-H配置参数中,将剩余的其它运动学参数误差转换为关节转角补偿值进行间接补偿;最后,搭建实验平台,在川崎RS010NA六自由度工业机器人上进行两步误差补偿实验验证。实验结果表明,通过两步误差补偿后机器人末端平均绝对定位误差由5.419 4 mm下降到1.160 5 mm,平均绝对定位精度提高约80%,该方法有效地提高了机器人的绝对定位精度。     

Motion error compensation of multi-legged walking robots

Existing errors in the structure and kinematic parameters of multi-legged walking robots,the motion trajectory of robot will diverge from the ideal sports requirements in movement.Since the existing error compensation is usually used for control compensation of manipulator arm,the error compensation of multi-legged robots has seldom been explored.In order to reduce the kinematic error of robots,a motion error compensation method based on the feedforward for multi-legged mobile robots is proposed to improve motion precision of a mobile robot.The locus error of a robot body is measured,when robot moves along a given track.Error of driven joint variables is obtained by error calculation model in terms of the locus error of robot body.Error value is used to compensate driven joint variables and modify control model of robot,which can drive the robots following control model modified.The model of the relation between robot’s locus errors and kinematic variables errors is set up to achieve the kinematic error compensation.On the basis of the inverse kinematics of a multi-legged walking robot,the relation between error of the motion trajectory and driven joint variables of robots is discussed.Moreover,the equation set is obtained,which expresses relation among error of driven joint variables,structure parameters and error of robot’s locus.Take MiniQuad as an example,when the robot MiniQuad moves following beeline tread,motion error compensation is studied.The actual locus errors of the robot body are measured before and after compensation in the test.According to the test,variations of the actual coordinate value of the robot centroid in x-direction and z-direction are reduced more than one time.The kinematic errors of robot body are reduced effectively by the use of the motion error compensation method based on the feedforward.     

Subassembly identification for assembly sequence planning

Assembly sequence planning is a typical of NP-complete problem which will spend a large amount of computation time or disk memory once the assembly becomes complex. The complex product or assembly is composed of many parts and the number of assembly relationships between them is numerous. To decrease the difficulty of assembly sequence planning of complex products, the subassembly identification methods are focused on. It aims to decompose a complex assembly into a limitative number of subassemblies. Each subassembly contains a relatively smaller number of parts and the assembly sequence planning tasks of them can be handled efficiently. The subassembly identification methods for assembly sequence planning are summarized with respect to assembly constraints. The assembly constraints including the topological, geometrical, and process constraints are considered and merged into the assembly models for subassembly identification. The assembly models are generally represented as directed or undirected assembly diagrams including these considered constraints. It is generally taken as the input information to generate appropriate subassemblies complying with the requirements. The graph theories and graph search algorithms, integer programming methods and the emerging techniques, such as the knowledge-based methods, the intelligent algorithms and the virtual technology, etc. are advocated to resolve the subassembly identification problem with respect to the assembly models. The hierarchical assembly tree is widely used to represent the results of subassembly identification. These useful methods are not only used to subassembly identification for assembly sequence planning, but also successfully referred to by product disassembly.     

A connector-based approach to the modular formulation problem for a mechanical product

To respond to marketing competition, companies strive to provide a large variety of products to meet consumers requirements. With more choices in products, such variety brings the company closer to the consumers. However, manufacturers are facing a new challenge. The assembly and partitioning of components and subassembly are becoming increasingly more complicated, which cause not only a proliferation of subassemblies but also increases the difficulty in manufacturing. To solve this problem, modular design is a key issue.This study presents a methodology for the formulation of modules on the basis of the connector concept. Based on the information entry in the assembly network sequence proposed by Tseng and Li [12], a modular partition based on the connector concept is explored. Moreover, the problem of assigning components after partitioning and the evaluation of the partitioning results are discussed.In this study, the definition and representation of connectors are described first. Then, the algorithm for the formulation of modules is discussed. Finally, a case study with a detailed analysis is provided to illustrate the application of the proposed methodology.     

六自由度工业机器人末端定位误差参数辨识与实验研究

为了提高六自由度工业机器人绝对定位精度,对工业机器人进行了运动学建模,并建立了基于MD-H参数误差的机器人末端定位误差辨识模型,应用激光跟踪仪测量系统采集样本点数据,应用基于奇异值分解的最小二乘法求解辨识模型,以获得几何参数误差,并根据辨识出的误差对机器人末端定位精度进行补偿,实验结果表明,经过辨识和补偿后,工业机器人...     

四轴联动加工中心误差补偿技术的研究

基于多体系统理论建立了四轴联动加工中心的运动误差模型,提出了几何误差参数的辨识方法以及相应的测量技术,运用传统的测量方法与先进的Ｒｅｎｉｓｈａｗ８测量系统相结合可准确地辨识出四轴联动加工中心的２７项误差参数;在四轴联动加工中心上进行软件误差补偿一坐标测量机进行了检验。结果表明,建模方法具有较强的实用性,对多坐标联动加工中心误差补偿效果明显。     

车铣复合加工中心综合误差检测及补偿策略

根据五轴车铣复合加工中心的结构及其运动链构型特点,设计了综合误差检测方案。检测包括车主轴床身至铣主轴运动链的空间误差检测以及车主轴的热误差检测两部分。由于检测方案使刀具-工件之间构成了完整的运动链,解决了单纯的空间误差检测方法未考虑车主轴运动链误差影响的问题。文中同时提出了车铣复合加工中心综合误差补偿策略以及运用神经网络算法的几何误差和热误差综合补偿模型。采用分步体对角空间误差检测后,实施了空间误差补偿。补偿后四条体对角线的空间误差都明显减小,减小幅度从15.24 μm到50.83 μm,误差补偿效果从39.10%提高到78.06%。本文提出的方法极大地改善了空间误差补偿精度。     

Plane kinematic calibration method for industrial robot based on dynamic measurement of double ball bar

A new calibration method is proposed to improve the circular plane kinematic accuracy of industrial robot by using dynamic measurement of double ball bar (DBB). The kinematic model of robot is established by the MDH (Modified Denavit-Hartenberg) method. The error mapping relationship between the motion error of end-effector and the kinematic parameter error of each axis is calculated through the Jacobian iterative method. In order to identify the validity of the MDH parameter errors, distance errors and angle errors of each joint axis were simulated by three orders of magnitude respectively. After multiple iterations, the average value of kinematic error modulus of end-effector was reduced to nanometer range. Experiments were conducted on an industrial robot (EPSON C4 A901) in the working space of 180 mm × 490 mm. Due to the measuring radius of DBB, the working space was divided into 30 sub-planes to measure the roundness error before and after compensation. The average roundness error calibrated by the proposed method at multi-planes decreased about 21.4%, from 0.4637 mm to 0.3644 mm, while the standard deviation of roundness error was reduced from 0.0720 mm to 0.0656 mm. In addition, by comparing the results of positioning error measured by the laser interferometer before and after calibration, the range values of motion errors of end-effector were decreasing by 0.1033 mm and 0.0730 mm on the X and Y axes, respectively.     

Improving robotic machining accuracy through experimental error investigation and modular compensation

Machining using industrial robots is currently limited to applications with low geometrical accuracies and soft materials. This paper analyzes the sources of errors in robotic machining and characterizes them in amplitude and frequency. Experiments under different conditions represent a typical set of industrial applications and allow a qualified evaluation. Based on this analysis, a modular approach is proposed to overcome these obstacles, applied both during program generation (offline) and execution (online). Predictive offline compensation of machining errors is achieved by means of an innovative programming system, based on kinematic and dynamic robot models. Real-time adaptive machining error compensation is also provided by sensing the real robot positions with an innovative tracking system and corrective feedback to both the robot and an additional high-dynamic compensation mechanism on piezo-actuator basis.     

虚拟装配环境下运动副自动识别方法

为有效地减少在装配仿真完成后进行机构运动仿真的前处理工作量,提高机构运动仿真的智能化程度,提出了一种在虚拟装配环境下面向运动仿真的机构运动副自动识别方法。通过提取虚拟装配环境下零部件间的装配约束信息,计算两个相连接零部件间所有约束的约束度,并利用计算所得的约束度自动映射出运动仿真机构中相应的运动副,为机构运动仿真中建立机构信息模型提供了基础信息。结合自主研发的原型系统虚拟装配工艺规划软件,给出了基于虚拟装配系统实现运动仿真的底层数据结构、机构模型的数据结构、信息传递过程和算法实现流程,并通过具体实例验证了方法的有效性。