超高压处理对南京盐水鸭货架期的影响

为揭示超高压(UHP)中温结合处理后南京盐水鸭货架期和品质指标的变化规律,以200MPa和400MPa的压力分别在20、30、40℃条件下对真空包装盐水鸭胸脯肉进行10min处理。4℃贮藏条件下,每周对超高压处理样品中的微生物总数、pH值、脂肪氧化程度、颜色及感官指标进行测定。结果表明:超高压能够有效地杀灭产品中的初始微生物,抑制贮藏期间的微生物生长;贮藏初期超高压处理组比未处理组样品TBARS值略有上升,随着贮藏期延长,超高压组样品TBARS值上升不明显;处理组产品的pH值高于未处理组;感官评定难以区分处理组和未处理组。超高压中温结合处理能够有效延长盐水鸭的货架期,不会或很少引发贮藏期内品质指标的变化,能够较好的保持产品原有的风味和口感品质。     

槲皮素和NaCl添加量对牦牛肉饼蛋白质和脂质氧化的影响

为研究槲皮素（Quercetin,Q）和不同NaCl添加量（0%、2%、4%、6%,m/m）对牦牛肉饼在贮藏过程中蛋白质和脂质氧化的影响,测定了牦牛肉饼在冷藏15 d期间的pH值、色差、羰基含量、表面疏水性、色氨酸荧光强度、二聚酪氨酸含量、过氧化值（Peroxide Value,POV）和硫代巴比妥酸反应物（Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances,TBARS）值。结果表明,随着NaCl添加量增加,pH值增加（P<0.05）,L*、a*和b*值先增加后降低（P<0.05）;添加槲皮素后咸肉饼的pH值（P<0.05）、a*和b*值增加（P<0.05）、L*值降低（P<0.05）。添加NaCl使肉饼的羰基、表面疏水性、二聚酪氨酸、POV值和TBARS值增加（P<0.05）,色氨酸荧光强度减小（P<0.05）;但槲皮素处理使咸肉饼的色氨酸荧光强度、二聚酪氨酸、POV值及TBARS值降低,使4% NaCl（质量分数）肉饼的羰基含量降低了27.80%;表面疏水性在0~2% NaCl（质量分数）添加量下进一步增加（P<0.05）,而在4%~6% NaCl添加量下降低（P<0.05）。该研究表明,NaCl能促进牦牛肉饼蛋白质和脂质氧化,但加入槲皮素可有效缓解肉饼氧化。该结果可为槲皮素作为肉制品天然抗氧化剂提供参考。     

超高压处理对草莓汁贮藏期微生物及品质的影响

本文研究了超高压杀菌处理(600 MPa,20 min)和热处理(95℃,10 min)对4℃和25℃贮藏35 d的草莓汁中微生物及品质的影响。结果表明,超高压处理的草莓汁在贮藏期内可确保微生物的安全性;草莓汁亮度L*、黄度值b*、色差△E、p H值、可溶性固形物和总酚含量变化不显著,然而均优于热处理;4℃和25℃下草莓汁的红度值a*和花色苷含量有显著影响(P0.05);4℃下各品质指标的变化幅度小于25℃的变化幅度;超高压处理结合低温贮藏可以较好地保持草莓汁的品质,处理效果总体优于热杀菌。     

精氨酸协同壳聚糖对宰后牦牛肉成熟过程中品质的影响

为了明确不同浓度精氨酸（Arginine,Arg）与壳聚糖（Chitosan,CH）的协同作用对宰后牦牛肉成熟过程中品质的影响及潜在作用机制。本研究将不同浓度的Arg和CH复配注射到牦牛肉中,测定其对牦牛肉成熟过程中品质的影响。结果表明,0.4%～0.8%Arg和1.0%CH复配可以显著提高牦牛肉的pH,降低牦牛肉成熟期间的L*、b*值、高铁肌红蛋白含量和蒸煮损失,并显著提高a*值和氧合肌红蛋白含量（P<0.05）;同时,复配处理组肌原纤维小片化指数、硬度、咀嚼性、胶着性在成熟期间显著高于空白组,黏性和弹性则显著低于空白组（P<0.05）;复配处理提高了牦牛肉过氧化值和硫代巴比妥酸值;同时,0.8%Arg和1.0%CH复配显著降低了成熟5 d前的羰基含量（P<0.05）,但复配处理对巯基含量则没有显著影响（P>0.05）;组织学观察显示,复配处理更有利于肌细胞的完整性和饱满度,且减少了水分通道。综上,不同浓度Arg和不同浓度CH复配处理在一定程度上改善了宰后牦牛肉成熟过程中的品质,提高其肉色稳定性并降低蒸煮损失,促进嫩化,使肌细胞更加完整饱满,但对脂肪氧化和蛋白...     

应用超高压手段延长低温烟熏火腿的货架期

为揭示超高压处理后低温烟熏火腿货架期、品质及营养指标的变化,以400MPa和600MPa的压力在22℃条件下对切片包装后的烟熏火腿进行10min超高压处理,以未经高压处理样品作对照,4℃贮藏条件下,于0、1、30、90d测定超高压处理样品中的各腐败微生物总数,同时对超高压处理烟熏火腿的脂肪氧化程度、游离脂肪酸含量以及部分感官指标进行评定。结果表明：超高压能够有效杀灭烟熏火腿中的肠杆菌、热杀索丝菌、假单胞菌以及霉菌和酵母,乳酸菌中的部分属较为耐压,是低温烟熏火腿贮藏后期的优势腐败菌;超高压处理组比未处理组样品的饱和脂肪酸含量略有上升,不饱和脂肪酸含量略有下降,且随压力升高饱和脂肪酸增加和不饱和脂肪酸减少的量也相对较大;贮藏初期超高压处理组与未处理组样品TBARS值都没有显著变化,而随贮藏期延长,超高压处理组样品TBARS值比未处理组略有上升。超高压处理能够有效延长低温烟熏火腿的货架期,不会或较小引起游离脂肪酸、贮藏期内色泽和脂肪氧化指标的显著变化,能够较好的保持产品原有游离脂肪酸组成及口感品质。     

超高压处理对烟熏火腿色泽、游离脂肪酸及脂肪氧化指标的影响

为探究超高压处理手段应用于烟熏火腿保鲜的同时是否能够保持产品原有的品质,本实验以400MPa和600MPa的压力在常温下(22℃)对切片真空包装后的烟熏火腿进行10min超高压处理,与未经超高压处理产品(NT组)作对照,4℃下贮藏,研究了超高压前后产品色泽、游离脂肪酸以及脂肪氧化指标的变化。结果表明:超高压处理组样品能够保持原有鲜亮色泽,而未经超高压处理组出现明显褪色;超高压处理后样品的各游离脂肪酸含量变化不显著;贮藏初期超高压处理组与未经超高压处理组样品TBARS值都没有显著变化,而随贮藏期延长,高压处理组样品TBARS值比未处理组略有上升,但TBARS最大值小于0.5mg/100g肉样。实验所用超高压处理条件不会引起真空包装烟熏火腿色泽、游离脂肪酸指标的显著变化,能够较好地保持产品原有游离脂肪酸组成及鲜亮色泽,也不会造成产品的氧化酸败。     

刺梨水提物对牦牛肉糜贮藏过程蛋白质和脂质氧化影响的研究

本研究旨在探讨刺梨水提物（Rosa roxburghii Tratt Aqueous Extract,RRTAE）对牦牛肉糜在贮藏过程蛋白质和脂质氧化的影响规律。与空白对照、0.02%二丁基羟基甲苯（Butylated Hydroxy Toluene,BHT）进行比较,添加0.02%、0.10%、0.20% RRTAE到牦牛肉糜中,测定贮藏1、3、6、9 d各组牦牛肉糜的色泽、pH、硫代巴比妥酸（Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances,TBARS）值、荧光化合物（有机相δ For、水相δ Faq）、共轭二烯（Conjugated Diolefins,CD）值、羰基含量、表面疏水性、色氨酸含量、二聚酪氨酸含量、感官品质。结果表明,与空白对照、阳性对照（0.02%BHT）相比,0.10%、0.20%RRTAE可显著降低牦牛肉糜的pH（P<0.05）,0.02%RRTAE与阳性对照组效果接近,且RRTAE可改善其感官品质,显著抑制a*、b*值的降低（P<0.05）,但对L*值有一定的负面作用;0.02% RRTAE可显著降低其TBARS值、二聚酪氨酸含量（P<0.05）,且抑制效果随RRTAE添加量的增加而提高;添加0.20% RRTAE可显著降低其δ Faq、羰基含量、表面疏水性、色氨酸荧光值（P<0.05）。本研究认为,RRTAE具有改善牦牛肉糜贮藏过程理化特性的作用,可以作为肉糜保鲜中有潜力的抗氧化剂。     

超高压和高温短时杀菌对NFC橙汁品质的影响

本文对比了超高压（Ultral high pressure processing,HPP,600 MPa,1 min）和高温短时（High temperature short time,HTST,110℃,8.6 s）杀菌处理对非浓缩还原（Not from concentrate,NFC）橙汁处理前后及4℃、25 d贮藏期内微生物、基本理化指标以及颜色、稳定性、生物活性成分、抗氧化活性等品质的影响,并在贮藏期末对杀菌橙汁进行了感官评价。结果表明,HPP和HTST处理后NFC橙汁菌落总数、霉菌和酵母菌、乳酸菌、嗜冷菌均降低至检测限以下（<10 CFU/mL）,储藏25 d后HPP处理橙汁微生物仍未检出,符合国家果蔬汁饮料行业标准《NY/T 434-2016》,而HTST处理橙汁在贮藏期末菌落总数和霉菌酵母数量开始增加。HPP处理对橙汁色泽的L*、b*值无显著影响（P>0.05）,使a*值显著增大（P<0.05）,总色差ΔE低于HTST处理。HPP处理对橙汁悬浮稳定性的保持和果胶甲基酯酶（Pectin methylesterase,PME）的钝化效果较差,处理后HPP组和HTST组PME残留活性分别为92.31%和14.42%,贮藏末期分别为30.77%和0.03%,贮藏期间HPP组悬浮稳定性下降了95.45%。HPP处理显著提高了NFC橙汁的总酚含量13.50%（P<0.05）,对维生素C含量、DPPH自由基清除能力、FRAP铁离子还原能力、综合感官评价无显著影响（P>0.05）,显著高于HTST处理橙汁（P<0.05）。综上所述,HPP处理有助于保持橙汁的营养和感官品质,保留新鲜风味,比HTST处理更具优势,但对PME酶的钝化效果有待提高。     

蓝莓复合果泥超高压和热杀菌的比较分析

以蓝莓、草莓和苹果为原料,通过感官评价分析,研制出一款蓝莓复合果泥。利用超高压（UHP）和热杀菌（TS）处理果泥,分析处理前后和4 ℃贮藏40 d内其微生物、理化指标、色泽、花青素、香气和流变特性的变化。结果表明,两种处理后果泥菌落总数、大肠菌群和霉菌均未检出,贮藏40 d时仍符合食品标准限量。pH值在处理后和贮藏期内都显著降低（P<0.05）。可溶性固形物在UHP处理后无显著变化（P>0.05）,TS处理后显著增大（P<0.05）,贮藏结束时均为7.80 °Brix。TS处理后果泥花青素含量显著降低（P<0.05）,UHP组无显著变化（P>0.05）,贮藏期间,UHP组花色苷含量显著高于TS组。UHP和TS组果泥贮藏期间ΔE最大值分别为1.26和3.47,TS组果泥贮藏时出现明显颜色变化。电子鼻结果表明UHP比TS能更好地保留果泥的香气成分。流变仪结果表明UHP组果泥贮藏期间具有更好的稳定性。综上,UHP对蓝莓复合果泥的品质保存效果好,是一种适用于蓝莓复合果泥加工的杀菌方式。     

热协同超高压处理对含防褐变剂鲜榨苹果汁贮藏品质的影响

采用HPLC等分析方法研究了400MPa单独处理,50℃协同300MPa处理和50℃单独处理对含防褐变剂鲜榨苹果汁在4℃贮藏时品质的影响。研究发现:经过45d的贮藏,仅经过400MPa压力处理的和仅经过50℃处理的果汁中酚类物质含量比经过50℃协同300MPa处理的含量低,差异显著(P<0.05)。50℃协同300MPa处理还可显著降低果汁中微生物数目,同时果汁在贮藏期内的L值和a值均优于其他2种样品。50℃协同300MPa处理鲜榨苹果汁的可溶性固形物含量和pH值贮藏前后没有显著差异(P>0.05)。经过贮藏,所有样品中的总VC的保留率>95%。     

Effect of high pressure treatment on the quality of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and mahi mahi (Coryphaena hippurus)

ABSTRACT:  High pressure processing (HPP) is becoming a promising seafood preservation method. The objective was to investigate the effect of HPP on quality of rainbow trout and mahi mahi during cold storage. Skinless fillets treated with different pressures (150, 300, 450, and 600 MPa for 15 min) and stored at 4 °C were analyzed at 1, 3, and 6 d storage. Red muscle was analyzed for lipid oxidation products by measuring thiobarbituric reactive substances (TBARS) and whole muscle was analyzed for total aerobic count, texture profile analysis, and color. A pressure of 300 MPa effectively inactivated the initial microbial population in rainbow trout (6-log reduction). However, inactivation of the initial population on mahi mahi was only about 4-log reduction at the same pressure. Microbial growth was significantly retarded after HPP. Color results showed that redness ( a * value) of rainbow trout at 300 MPa and above was significantly ( P < 0.05) lower compared to mahi mahi. TBARS values for rainbow trout increased with increased pressure, whereas the same trend was not seen for mahi mahi where maximum oxidation was found at 300 MPa and then declined. This study demonstrates the usefulness of HPP in seafood processing and the influence of species variation on processing parameters. The optimum HPP conditions for influencing lipid oxidation, microbial load, and color changes were found to be 300 MPa for rainbow trout and 450 MPa for mahi mahi.     

低场核磁共振研究高压处理对乳化肠特性的影响

以低温乳化肠为材料,对0.1 ～ 400 MPa 压力处理组肉糜进行扫描电镜观察和低场核磁共振检测,评估加热后的感官特性,并进行相关性分析,从显微结构和水分子弛豫特性变化角度揭示高压处理对乳化肠感官特性改善的原因。结果表明：与对照组相比,压力从100 MPa 增大到200 MPa,感官特性得分增加,而200 MPa 到400 MPa得分减小（P ＜ 0.05）;扫描电镜结果显示各组肉糜显微结构存在明显差异;T2 弛豫结果显示,实验组T21 峰面积大于对照组而T22 峰面积小于对照组（P ＜ 0.05）,T21 弛豫时间在压力从100 MPa 增大到200 MPa 过程中升高,而在200 MPa 到400 MPa 降低（P ＜ 0.05）;相关性分析表明,感官特性各指标与T21 弛豫时间及其峰面积正相关,与T22 峰面积负相关（P ＜ 0.05）。因此,高压处理使自由水部分转化为不易流动水,并影响不易流动水与肉糜蛋白的结合程度,而转化比例和结合程度的强弱又会显著影响肉糜微结构及其加热后的感官特性。     

Monitoring the effects of high pressure processing and temperature on selected beef quality attributes

The combined effects of high pressure processing (HPP) and temperature on meat quality attributes were assessed in bovine M. pectoralis profundus, with particular focus on lipid oxidation and fatty acid composition. Beef samples were pressurised at 200, 300 and 400 MPa at two different temperatures 20 °C and 40 °C. Both pressure and temperature regimes had significant effects on colour, cook loss and lipid oxidation. Pressurisation at 200 MPa had a lower impact on colour parameters than higher pressurisation levels. Cook loss also increased when higher levels of pressure were applied. Across all pressure conditions, lower cook loss was observed at 40 °C compared to 20 °C. An increase in TBARS values was observed at the higher pressure levels (300, 400 MPa). While some alterations of individual fatty acids were observed, high pressure had no effect on polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acid (PUFA/SFA) or omega 6/omega 3 (n6/n3) ratio. The temperature at which HPP was applied had a significant effect on the sum of saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MONO) and polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acids. HPP at 40 °C showed higher SFA and PUFA and lower MONO compared to HPP at 20 °C. These results show that high pressure at low or moderate temperatures improves the microbiological quality of the meat with minimal affects on meat quality.     

Effect of pressure and holding time on colour,protein and lipid oxidation of sliced dry-cured Iberian ham and loin during refrigerated storage

The effect of high pressure (HP) treatments (200 MPa 15 min, 200 MPa 30 min, 300 MPa 15 min, 300 MPa 30 min) on colour, lipid and protein oxidation in sliced vacuum-packed dry-cured Iberian ham and loin during refrigerated storage (90 days, + 4 °C) was evaluated. Pressure level and holding time increased the extent of lipid oxidation in both products. Dry-cured ham showed a higher susceptibility to lipid oxidation than dry-cured loin since HP treatment increased TBA-RS values in dry-cured ham samples while HP treatment decreased TBA-RS values in dry-cured loin samples. However, HP treatment did not affect protein oxidation in both meat products. On the other hand, HP treatment affected instrumental colour since non-pressurized dry-cured meat products showed higher redness than pressurized ones. Regarding changes under storage, after 90 days of refrigerated storage lipid and protein oxidation increased while redness decreased in both HP treated and non-treated dry-cured meat products. Changes induced by HP were only noticeable after HP treatment, as storage reduced the initial differences between HP treated and non-treated samples. Therefore, the lack of differences in long stored dry-cured ham and loin HP treated and non-treated indicates that the application of HP (200–300 MPa/15–30 min) could not affect the quality of dry-cured meat products.Industrial relevanceDry-cured meat products are the meat-based products with the highest sensory quality in Spain and have a high projection in exterior markets. High pressure processing is effective in controlling pathogen and spoilage microorganisms in meat and meat products although it can promote color and oxidation changes that modify sensory characteristics. The study aimed the evaluation of pressure and holding time on color changes and protein and lipid oxidation at vacuum packed slices of Iberian dry-cured ham and loin during subsequent extended chilled storage. High pressure treatment of dry-cured Iberian ham and loin induce changes after treatment although initial differences are not maintained along refrigerated storage.     

鲤鱼肉蛋白水解物对生猪肉糜抗氧化作用的研究

将鲤鱼肉蛋白应用碱性蛋白酶(Alcalase)水解4h,得到蛋白水解物,并将其应用到生肉糜中进行抗氧化研究.试验分为6组,包括对照组、2.0%的未水解鲤鱼肉蛋白组、1.0%、1.5%、2.0%的水解物(4 h)对照组、0.02%的丁基羟基茴香醚(butylated hydroxyanisole,BHA)对照组.在冷藏过...     

冻融次数对牦牛肉胶原蛋白特性及品质的影响

为探究冻融次数对牦牛肉胶原蛋白特性和品质的影响。以牦牛肉为研究对象,分析不同冻融次数下牦牛肉剪切力、pH、解冻损失、蒸煮损失、色差、质构、胶原蛋白含量及溶解性、酶活性及微观结构的变化规律。结果表明,随着冻融次数的增加,牦牛肉剪切力下降了59.72%,牦牛肉胶原蛋白溶解性、β-半乳糖苷酶和β-半乳糖醛酶活力、解冻损失、蒸煮损失和b^*值显著上升(P<0.05),胶原蛋白含量、剪切力、pH、L^*值、a^*值以及质构显著下降(P<0.05)。相关性分析表明:剪切力与L^*值、a^*值、pH、胶原蛋白含量和溶解性、质构指标呈显著正相关(P<0.01),与解冻损失、蒸煮损失、b^*值、β-半乳糖苷酶活性和β-葡糖醛酸酶活性呈极显著负相关(P<0.001);pH与胶原蛋白特性呈极显著正相关(P<0.001);胶原蛋白特性与质构指标呈极显著正相关(P<0.001)。牦牛肉组织结构随冻融次数增加表现为破坏严重,肌纤维边界模糊。综上,冻融次数增加,...