利用手机数据分析上海市域的职住空间关系——若干结论和讨论

使用手机信令数据计算出了上海市域居民通勤数据,用于分析上海市域的职住空间关系。中心城居民通勤范围集中在中心城及周边的通勤区内。在中心城及通勤区内,超过97%的居民实现了职住平衡。在郊区新城中,宝山新城、闵行新城大部已经进入中心城通勤区。其余7个郊区新城居民至中心城通勤的比例均低于5%。郊区新城中居民主体仍是在新城内部通勤、或者新城以外的本区域内通勤。要优化上海市域居民职住空间关系,需要在中心城内合理布局就业次中心和安排居住人口,郊区新城应以增加就业岗位为主要目标。     

上海市消费者出行特征与商业空间结构分析

运用上海市第二次交通调查的相关数据 ,从上海市消费者购物出行角度对商业空间结构进行了分析。指出上海市商业空间结构具有等级序列明确、空间分布不均和强中心线型结构的特征。一级商业中心 (市级商业中心 )南京东路 ,二级商业中心(准市级商业中心 )四川北路 ,三级商业中心 (次商业中心 )静安寺、人民广场、淮海中路 ,四级商业中心 (区商业中心 )沪西体育场、国际展览中心、上海电视台、豫园、杨浦体育场、虹口体育场、和平公园、徐家汇、五角场构成等级结构清晰的四级商业体系。研究还揭示了徐家汇地区有成为准市级商业中心的可能 ,在浦东、彭浦与闸北地区交界区域、杨浦地区有潜力形成次市级商业中心的可能。     

居住郊区化与商业中心关系新解析及其启示——基于符号消费理论

基于符号消费理论,以广州市为例,从商业步行街、商业业态和经营类型、品牌、购物中心和消费者的感知五个层面分析大城市商业中心的符号系统及其消费表征功能,以郊区生活风格的符号化为切入点解析居住和商业的关系,结论指出在广州市郊区化过程中,郊区居住和城区商业中心两大符号消费系统,重构了大城市的中心-边缘关系,构建了一种独立于经济法则之外的符号消费法则。在这个关系下,郊区的居住空间得以拓展而商业业态空间受到抑制,难以发展高等级的现代业态;城区商业中心则加速被符号化,中心地位进一步得到强化。     

利用手机数据识别上海中心城的通勤区

用手机数据识别了用户的日间驻留地、夜间驻留地,从中提取出日间在上海中心城内驻留用户、夜间在中心城内驻留用户,分别计算出其通勤范围.根据其夜间驻留地、日间驻留地的分布密度识别出上海中心城的通勤圈,并将其转换为以街道行政边界为空间单元的中心城通勤区.在中心城及通勤区内,超过97％的居民实现了职住平衡.研究表明上海市域空间结构在“中心城”和“郊区”之间还存在一个“中心城通勤区”层次.中心城通勤区以内、以外区域存在较显著差异.中心城通勤区的识别结果可加深对上海市域空间结构的认识,为在市域范围内分层次、分区域制定有针对性的规划政策提供依据.     

外滩12号大楼：上海外滩历史文化风貌保护区的建筑代表

上海外滩历史文化风貌保护区包括43个街坊,总用地面积为100．8公顷,多处繁华的市级商业中心在此集聚。保护区西靠南京路市级商业街,南接豫园商城,北邻四川北路市级商业街,区位优势得天独厚。外滩历史文化底蕴深厚,是中心城优秀近代建筑最集中、历史风貌特征最为显著、风貌价值最高的历史文化风貌区。     

基于网络数据分析的昆明市主城区商业空间热点识别与集聚特征分析

本文在圈层结构理论的基础上,运用网络平台数据,借助核密度分析法,探究昆明市城市主城区的商业空间集聚特征,使用莫兰指数识别昆明市城市主城区商业空间中心并对其分级。研究结果表明,昆明市主城区商业空间结构是由内圈层、中圈层和外圈层组成的圈层结构,三个圈层的商业点密度值随着圈层的外扩而降低,根据商业点数量将商业空间中心分为市级商业中心、市级商业次中心、区级商业中心和区级商业次中心四个级别,可以得出昆明市城市主城区商业空间呈现的"一核多心"发展态势。     

基于职住空间关系分析上海郊区新城发展状况

利用手机信令数据识别出上海市域居民的就业地和居住地,获取了就业密度和通勤联系数据,从职住空间关系视角分析了上海9个郊区新城的发展状况。首先,通过就业密度识别就业密集区、计算各新城平均就业密度。随后,通过通勤联系分析各新城就业者来源地,划分了各新城就业势力范围。最后用独立指数计算各新城的职住平衡程度。研究发现上海郊区新城已成为郊区经济活动主要集聚区域,但各新城就业辐射范围仍主要集中在其所属行政辖区内,对所属区县以外地区的就业吸引力较弱。独立指数测算定量证实了上海郊区新城基本符合离开中心城越远,自身职住平衡程度越高的规律。其中,地处远郊而且独立指数较低的郊区新城其发展状况较为特殊,原因值得一步研究。     

基于POI数据的武汉市零售商业空间分布研究

商业中心是零售商业活动的聚集区,是居民的高频率活动区,构成了城市活动的密集兴趣点。文章以武汉市域为研究对象,以POI大数据为数据源,基于核密度估计法分析武汉市域零售商业分布特征和中心城区不同零售商业分布格局。     

上海大都市区空间结构的重构

一直以来,上海城市规划把上海大都市区的空间结构分为两个圈层,即中心城区和郊区。本文根据上海城市体系空间结构演化的规律,提出三圈层空间结构的设想,即中心城区、通勤区和郊区,认为中心城区以现代服务业的发展为主,通勤区以工业园区和大型居住区的发展为主,而郊区以发展新城为主。     

上海中心城区商业中心空间特征研究

利用手机信令数据识别游憩-居住功能联系,进一步在上海中心城区内识别出了24个城市级商业中心.依据各中心单位面积对游憩活动的吸引力判断等级,依据游憩者来源地分析各中心腹地并划分势力范围,依据与现状商业中心的距离和居住人口密度确定了商业中心布局优化方向.得出以下结论:①无论从空间分布和等级分布来看,现状商业中心都呈向心集聚特征;②中心的腹地和势力范围的空间分布受地铁、黄浦江等影响;③居民至游憩-居住功能相混合的中心平均出行距离较短;④商业中心规划需要重点关注居民游憩出行平均距离较大且居住密度较高的地区.上述结论有助于认识上海中心城区的空间结构,为商业中心规划布局提供决策支持.     

Do shopping centers abate the resilience of shopping streets? The co-existence of both shopping venues in Ankara,Turkey

The sustainability of cities highly depends on city center viability and shopping street resilience. With the increasing number of shopping centers and their strong impact on existing retail systems, the major urban challenge has become maintaining a balance in the market. When shopping centers appeared, shopping streets began suffering from the negative influence of these new centers. Turkey, as a developing country, suffered from this change in last two decades. With the shopping center supporting policies and regulations of both central and local governments, the situation has become worse, and detrimental to small, independent retailers located on shopping streets. The controlled, trendy and convenient shopping environment, variety, quality and pricing of goods and services have attracted customers to shopping centers. This has been a revisited topic in the planning literature and the common statement was that the emergence of shopping centers abates the viability of city centers and shopping streets. However, in time, the shopping streets have adapted to the changes, thus become more resilient to the negative impacts of shopping centers. The current planning literature has been limited to the analysis of either shopping center systems, or shopping streets. In contrast to this approach, in this study, we are analyzing both retail venues, and comparing their consumer profiles, preferences and spatial behaviors. The purpose is to exhibit the strengths and weaknesses of shopping centers and shopping streets, and identify the qualifications attractive to their customers. This will provide an opportunity for urban policy makers to redefine a retail policy framework which will contribute to shopping street resilience and city center viability. Ankara is selected for two reasons: (1) as of 2011, the shopping center gross leasable area per 1000 people was the highest in Turkey, (2) the city center is still vivid, and shopping street retailers continue to survive amid the high level of shopping center floor space. Two separate questionnaires were given in 13 shopping centers, and 11 main shopping streets in Ankara. The findings reveal that: (1) shopping centers are used by consumers from all districts, in particular, from suburban districts, and shopping streets are mainly used by consumers living in inner city districts, (2) the consumer profiles of shopping centers and shopping streets are distinctive in terms of age, occupation and education, (3) shopping centers are usually preferred by car owners, which encourages development of new shopping centers at the urban fringe, (4) shopping centers and shopping streets are preferred for similar purposes, and shopping streets, in particular, are preferred for entertainment. Therefore, the major conclusion is that the shopping streets in Ankara have a certain level of resilience in terms of consumer diversity, retailer variety, quality and complementary degree. This level can be further increased by new retail planning policies that will focus on attracting consumers from different backgrounds, offering a conducive business environment for special brands, and initiating new revitalization plans and programs for maintenance and design of city centers.     

基于POI数据的武汉市多类型商业中心识别与集聚特征分析

以武汉市251148条商业POI数据为基础,利用标准差椭圆、核密度分析、最邻近距离分析等方法识别武汉市整体及多类型商业中心,分析各类中心的集聚特征。结果表明：①武汉市整体形成“区域—市—组团”商业中心体系,光谷、武广、中山大道为武汉市商业空间的3大核心区域;②不同类型的商业中心在空间上呈现分异性,特别是居民生活中心和商务办公中心;③中心圈层的各类商业中心具有“沿江、沿主干道”集聚分布的特征,外围拓展圈层的各类商业中心围绕经济产业园区分布,远城区圈层的各类商业中心围绕行政中心进行布局。最后,将上述研究结果与武汉市相关规划进行比较,总结商业中心的现状与规划在等级、数量、空间布局方面的差异与问题。     

The impact of retail establishments in hinterlands on the export role of retail establishments in rural places

Rural retail trade industries can serve an export function for and contribute to the economic growth of a rural place. The importance of a retail trade industry to the economy of a rural place depends on its market area. Since those market areas often extend into a place’s hinterlands, retail trade can effectively have an export component for the place itself. Yet empirical determination of the export role of a rural retail trade industry has been historically confounded by data limitations which limit testing for and identification of an industry’s market area. Using geographic information system tools to define variables for differing driving distances (as contrasted with circles defined by Euclidean distance) from a place, this paper tests for the market areas of seven retail trade industries in rural places and for the impact of retail trade in hinterlands on those market areas. This paper contributes to the relevant literature in three ways. First, it tests formally for a retail industry’s “market area driving time.” Prior articles which have incorporated distance into their analyses have not generally tested for the actual travel times more appropriate for such analyses. Second, it finds that not undertaking such testing might produce misleading results regarding the relationship between a place and the hinterlands in its market areas. Third, the regression results suggest subtlety in the export nature of rural retail trade, with some industries losing their export nature when competing businesses appear in hinterlands (Weak Export Retail industries) and other industries retaining their export nature under those circumstances (Strong Export Retail industries).     

Energy modeling of two office buildings with data center for green building design

Energy simulation models are developed with EnergyPlus for two office buildings in a R&D center in Shanghai, China to evaluate the energy cost savings of green building design options compared with the baseline building. As a R&D center of an international IT corporation, there are data centers in the two buildings, which make them different from typical office buildings. The data centers house high energy consuming IT equipments and need 24 h air-conditioning every day all year round. In order to achieve energy cost savings, multiple energy efficiency strategies are employed for design proposed building, encompassing high performance building envelope, lighting system, and HVAC system. Through energy modeling, the design proposed options are compared to an ASHRAE 90.1-2004 compliant budget model to highlight energy cost savings versus “standard practice” and show the potential LEED™ Credit EA1—Optimize Energy Performance. Meanwhile, they are also compared to China Code model to figure out the energy cost savings versus the most popular practice conforming to China Public Building Energy Saving Design Standard. The whole building energy simulation results show that the yearly energy cost saving of the proposed design will be approximately 27% from China Code building and 21% from ASHRAE budget building, which can achieve 4 points for LEED credit due to energy performance optimization.     

绿色建筑设计中对具有数据中心的两栋办公楼的能量建模分析

EnergyPlus是为上海研发中心的两栋办公楼开发的能量模拟模型,用来评估其采用环保设计之后节能效果,并与基准建筑相对比。作为国际IT公司的研发中心,这两栋楼中具有数据中心,使其不同于一般办公楼。数据中心的IT设备具有高能耗特点,并且需要24h不间断的空调运行。为了达到节能目的,设计时考虑了多种节能措施,如外墙采用高性能材料、轻型建筑系统和HVAC系统。通过能量模型,将提出的设计方式与ASHRAE90·1-2004 compliant budget模型进行对比,以强调与"应用标准"相比之下的节能效果,同时显示了潜在的LEED(tm)Credit EA1节能优化性能。同时,将其与中国规范对比,计算中国公共建筑节能标准中的节能量。整体房屋能量模拟结果显示:这种设计方式下的年均节能,按中国规范能达到大概27%,按ASHRAE建筑预算可节省21%,由于节能优化,可达到LEED信用4级。     

空间异质性视角下的零售商业空间集聚及其影响机制研究 ——以长沙市为例

商业聚集及其影响要素具有明显的空间异质性,对其客观规律进行研讨应是商业地理学研究的重要内容,也是开展城市商业网点规划与科学管理的必然要求,但对于该问题的研究仍十分欠缺.以我国中部中心城市长沙为例,运用GWR模型对零售商业空间集聚影响要素的空间异质性进行剖析.研究表明:①长沙市仍保持"市级—区域性—社区级"的商业空间结构...     

西安市现代商务活动发展及其空间动态

以1990年代以来西安市开发新建的226个商务办公楼宇项目以及第二次基本单位普查资料中2496个经济活动单位为主要样本,对以生产性服务业为主体的现代商务活动在西安市的发展状况及其空间动态进行了分析。结果表明,信息/通讯、社会服务、科研/技术服务是增长最为迅速的商务活动,西安市商务活动总体格局呈现非对称的“木”字形架构,并表现出整体分散、局部聚集、中心节点漂移的动态特征。传统的市中心区现代商务活动相对强度与地位在下降,而边缘新区商务活动则在不断增强,高新技术开发区和经济技术开发区等新兴开发区成为新增商务活动聚集的主要区段和外移商务活动的主要目的地。     

超大型商业综合体的设计之路

指出“上海月星环球博览中心”是一座以大型综合购物中心为主题，辅之以甲级办公、娱乐、餐饮、休闲与健身等配套功能于一体的大型商业建筑群，建成后必将成为上海又一新的标志性建筑，从商业建筑设计原则、布局功能、建筑造型、消防设计等方面对此建筑进行剖析，以积累大型商业综合体设计经验。     

郊野单元规划:高度城市化地区国土整治和用途管制的重要抓手

郊野单元规划起初为土地整治的平台,逐步发展成为高度城市化地区国土整治和用途管制的空间组织方式创新。通过梳理土地整治、国土整治与郊野单元规划的发展脉络,结合上海的经验,理清三者之间的关系,展望未来国土空间规划体系下郊野单元规划的新定位及其推进国土整治的关键。介绍了郊野单元规划经历的以统筹镇域专项土地整治工程为主、向兼顾国土整治和全域用途管制的转型过程;分析了郊野单元规划还将随着国土空间管理的精细化发展下沉,向着与镇级总体规划、村庄规划、国土整治专项规划实施方案相结合的方式转变,从而成为全域国土整治和统一国土空间用途管制的重要抓手。