山梨酸和涂膜联合作用延长青虾货架期的效果

将经过山梨酸处理后的青虾浸渍于不同的壳聚糖涂膜溶液后冰藏保鲜,其中壳聚糖复合膜液是将山梨酸加入壳聚糖溶液中制得。在保鲜过程中测定青虾细菌总数、TVB-N值、pH等鲜度指标并进行感官评分,探索采用山梨酸和涂膜联合作用延长青虾货架期的效果。实验结果表明:仅经过山梨酸处理的青虾保鲜效果不佳,而在山梨酸处理后再进行涂膜保鲜可以抑制虾体细菌总数的增长,维持较低的TVB-N值,改善青虾的感官质量,延长青虾货架期约3d。壳聚糖空白膜液处理的青虾感官品质优于经过复合膜液处理的青虾。     

复合生物保鲜剂对南美白对虾保鲜效果的研究

目的研究复合保鲜剂对南美白对虾的保鲜作用,避免其腐败变质,从而延长其货架期。方法利用不同配比的纳米TiO2/壳聚糖保鲜剂、溶菌酶、蜂胶醇提液复配保鲜剂进行L9(3)4正交试验,通过pH值、感官评分、挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)、菌落总数指标的测定,对L9(3)4正交试验结果进行方差分析,筛选保鲜剂最佳组合。结果采用0.05%纳米TiO2/1.5%壳聚糖、0.065%溶菌酶、0.7%蜂胶进行复配,南美白对虾的保鲜效果较好。结论复合生物保鲜剂对南美白对虾具有一定的保鲜效果,能使南美白对虾(4±1)℃冷藏条件下的货架期达到8~9 d。     

壳聚糖-荔枝木质精油可食膜延长刀额新对虾的货架期

为了解壳聚糖-荔枝木质精油可食膜对刀额新对虾的保鲜效果,以添加8%荔枝木质精油的壳聚糖复合膜(V/V,以壳聚糖溶液体积计)浸涂刀额新对虾,进行4℃保鲜试验;在6 d的贮藏期内,进行刀额新对虾的感官指标及品质指标(p H、挥发性盐基氮(total volatile base-nitrogen,TVB-N)、质构、色差及菌落总数)测定。研究发现:壳聚糖-荔枝木质精油可食膜浸涂使刀额新对虾的货架期有效延长,普通无菌保鲜膜保存货架期为3 d,浸涂复合膜保鲜可延长至6 d;感官及品质指标变化幅度均显著变缓,保鲜膜保存TVB-N含量在第4 d时为31.58 mg/100 g,已无食用价值;而复合膜保存在第6 d仍低于30 mg/100 g;保鲜膜保存p H在4 d时超过7.6,而复合膜保存在第6 d时丧失食用价值;从菌落总数角度看,保鲜膜保存第3 d达到腐败终点:6.89 lg(CFU/g);而复合膜保鲜的刀额新对虾菌落总数仍在一级鲜度。研究表明:壳聚糖-荔枝木质精油可食膜对刀额新对虾有较好的保鲜效果,可延长刀额新对虾的货架期3 d。本研究对精油壳聚糖复合膜的水产品使用方式提供参考。     

鱼精蛋白结合壳聚糖对草鱼片的冷藏保鲜效果

为探讨鱼精蛋白-壳聚糖复合保鲜剂对草鱼贮藏保鲜的可行性,本研究采用3种不同复合比例处理草鱼,4 ℃冷藏期间定期测定其菌落总数、TVB-N、汁液流失率、pH、鲜度指标K值并进行感官评价,反应鱼肉品质变化情况。结果表明:复合处理组(CP1、CP2、CP3)贮藏期间感官评分均显著高于对照组(CK),但处理组对pH变化影响较小。各组感官评分值与菌落总数、TVB-N、汁液流失率、K值变化趋势均表现出极显著相关性(p<0.01),相关系数r在-0.887~-0.991之间。其中CP2处理组(1%壳聚糖+0.5%鱼精蛋白溶液)保鲜效果最佳,贮藏10 d各指标均在可接受范围,相比对照组至少延长保鲜期4 d以上。这表明壳聚糖-鱼精蛋白复合保鲜剂能在贮藏期间较好的保持草鱼品质,延长其货架期。     

纳米TiO_2/壳聚糖复合保鲜剂在南美白对虾保鲜中的应用

为解决南美白对虾易腐易黑变问题,延长其货架期,利用不同质量分数的纳米TiO2/壳聚糖保鲜剂处理南美白对虾,并贮藏在(4±1)℃条件下。通过对虾体进行pH值、挥发性盐基氮、菌落总数指标的测定,结合感官评定,表明了纳米TiO2/壳聚糖保鲜剂能够有效地保持南美白对虾的品质,使南美白对虾货架期由原来的4 d延长至7 d,为南美白对虾保鲜技术的推广提供一定的技术支持。     

复合涂膜处理对中国对虾保鲜的影响

利用壳聚糖、ε-聚赖氨酸和卡拉胶进行复合涂膜,以感官评定、菌落总数、pH、TVB-N、TBA、质构特性、SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳为指标,探究(4±1) ℃条件下不同涂膜处理对中国对虾保鲜效果的影响。研究表明:涂膜组的保鲜效果明显优于空白组,且复合涂膜效果优于单独涂膜。涂膜处理能够抑制贮藏期间细菌的生长,延缓蛋白质和脂肪的氧化变质。与空白组相比,复合涂膜可以将中国对虾的货架期延长4 d。     

壳聚糖-普鲁兰多糖复合抗菌保鲜膜对冷鲜牛肉的保鲜效果

开发了一种适用于冷鲜牛肉保鲜的具有抗菌功能的可食性抗菌保鲜膜。将4 mg/mL的ε-聚赖氨酸(ε-PL)添加到壳聚糖-普鲁兰多糖溶液中,制备具抗菌功能的可食性复合抗菌保鲜膜,并验证该保鲜膜具有良好的理化特性和抗菌效果。冷鲜牛肉贮藏过程中优势致病菌(大肠O157:H7,单增李斯特菌和沙门氏菌)和菌落总数等指标检测结果表明,贮藏9天,对照组菌落总数就达到8.09 lg(CFU/g),而处理组增长较缓慢,第13天为5.94lg (CFU/g)。贮藏末期,处理组大肠O157:H7、单增李斯特菌和沙门氏菌较对照组分别减少了5.12,4.47 lg(CFU/cm2)和5.54 lg(CFU/cm2)。通过比较分析冷鲜牛肉贮藏过程中感官、质地、挥发性盐基氮(TVBN)、pH值、色度指标(a*/b*)等指标,表明该膜对于减缓冷鲜牛肉品质劣变具有显著效果。该保鲜膜对于控制牛肉品质劣变、延长货架期具有良好效果。     

复合保鲜剂协同超高压对鲈鱼贮藏品质的影响

为了提高鲈鱼贮藏期间的品质,以4℃冷藏鲈鱼为对照,采用超高压技术(200 MPa,5 min)结合2种不同的复合保鲜剂(0.15%壳聚糖+0.50%ε-聚赖氨酸、0.15%壳聚糖+1.50%ε-聚赖氨酸)保鲜鲈鱼,以菌落总数、理化指标(挥发性盐基氮TVB-N、pH、色度、剪切力)为评价指标,测定鲈鱼在4℃冷藏12 d内的保鲜效果。结果表明:冷藏鲈鱼货架期为6 d,单独超高压组的冷藏鲈鱼货架期为9 d,超高压结合复合保鲜剂后可将冷藏鲈鱼货架期延长至12 d,经过复合保鲜剂处理的超高压各组,在12 d时,其剪切力显著高于单独使用超高压组和冷藏对照组(p 0.05),且菌落总数TVC、挥发性盐基氮TVB-N、pH和白度均显著低于单独使用超高压组和冷藏对照组(p 0.05)。其中0.15%壳聚糖与1.50%ε-聚赖氨酸复配后保鲜效果最佳,能明显抑制鲈鱼冷藏过程中的菌落总数,减缓蛋白质分解,有效地保持了冷藏鲈鱼的品质。     

天然保鲜剂与冰温保鲜协同对牛肉保鲜效果的研究

本文以牛肉为研究对象,进行了0~4 ℃冷藏、冰温保鲜及两者分别与天然保鲜剂(0.10%茶多酚+1.00%壳聚糖+0.08%乳酸链球菌素)结合等4种保鲜方式对牛肉保鲜效果的比较研究,分别测定牛肉贮藏第1、3、5、7、9、11、13、15、17 d的菌落总数、挥发性盐基氮含量(TVB-N值)、吊挂损失率及感官特性等指标。结果表明:冰温保鲜效果明显优于冷藏保鲜,可使牛肉的货架期由5 d延长至7 d。天然保鲜剂与冰温保鲜、冷藏保鲜均有很好的协同作用;天然保鲜剂与冰温保鲜结合对牛肉保鲜效果最优,在第15 d时牛肉菌落总数对数值为4.96,TVB-N值为14.66 mg/100 g,吊挂损失率小于0.37%,总体可接受性评分为56.70,显著优于其他处理组(p<0.05),可将牛肉货架期延长至15 d。     

竹叶抗氧化物结合壳聚糖对青鱼片贮藏品质的影响

为研究竹叶抗氧化物与壳聚糖复合保鲜剂对青鱼片的保鲜效果,将竹叶抗氧化物和壳聚糖配制成多组不同比例的复合保鲜剂,以挥发性盐基氮(total volatile basic nitrogen,TVB-N值)作为评价指标,筛选出抑制青鱼片中挥发性盐基氮生成最佳的复合保鲜剂组。将青鱼片经最佳复合保鲜剂组处理后,于4℃环境下贮藏,通过感官评价,硫代巴比妥酸(thiobarbituric acid,TBA值)、挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N值)、鲜度指标(K值)、菌落总数等主要指标的测定,研究青鱼片在冷藏期间的品质变化和货架期。结果表明:复合保鲜剂的最佳配比为3 g/L竹叶抗氧化物和15 g/L壳聚糖,青鱼经最佳复合保鲜剂处理后在4°C贮藏条件下菌落总数、TVB-N、TBA、K值均明显低于未经保鲜剂处理的对照组,而感官评分高于对照组,货架期可由6 d^8 d延长至12 d^14 d。     

Effects of Sorbic Acid‐Chitosan Microcapsules as Antimicrobial Agent on the Properties of Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol Copolymer Film for Food Packaging

This paper discusses the possibility of using sorbic acid‐chitosan microcapsules (S‐MPs) as an antibacterial component of active ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) film. S‐MPs with a diameter of approximately 1 to 4 μm showed a sorbic acid loading capacity of 46.5%. Addition of S‐MPs (3%, w/w) increased the tensile strength, haze, oxygen, and water vapor barrier properties, as well as reduced the elongations at break and transmittance of S‐MPs‐EVOH (S‐MP‐EVOH) film. Antibacterial tests showed that the inhibitory capacity of S‐MP‐EVOH film against Salmonella Enteritidis and Escherichia coli was higher than that against Listeria monocytogenes. Moreover, the antibacterial effect of sorbic acid‐EVOH (S‐EVOH) film was stronger than that of S‐MP‐EVOH film. However, S‐MP‐EVOH film demonstrated a longer effective time than S‐EVOH film. Using the total viable counts and total volatile base nitrogen as the judgment standard, S‐MP‐EVOH/polyethylene terephthalate (PET) composite film could extend the shelf life of fish fillets by 4 d at 4 °C, compared with EVOH/PET film. For this reason, S‐MP could be a potential antibacterial component of active films.     

Inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes on Beef Bologna and Cheddar Cheese Using Polyvinyl-idene Chloride Films Containing Sorbic Acid

ABSTRACT: Polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC, Saran^R F-310) films containing sorbic acid (0%, 1.5%, and 3.0% w/v) were prepared with use of a solvent-casting method and were then placed between slices of commercially produced beef bologna that were previously surface-inoculated with L. monocytogenes at 10³ or 10⁵ CFU/g. In addition, cubes of commercial Cheddar cheese were surface-inoculated to contain 10³ or 10⁵ Listeria monocytogenes colony-forming units (CFU) /g and then wrapped with the sorbic acid-containing films. Films containing 1.5% and 3.0% (w/ v) sorbic acid prevented growth of L. monocytogenes on bologna slices with populations as much as 7.1 logs lower after 28 d of storage at 4 °C compared with the sorbic acid-free controls. In contrast, numbers of Listeria remained relatively stable on Cheddar cheese with populations decreasing < 1.3 logs after 35 d of storage. With use of the sorbic acid-containing films, common spoilage organisms were also inhibited on both products. After 28 d of contact with bologna and Cheddar cheese, these films retained 7% and 60% of their original sorbic acid content, respectively, with the control film retaining 85% of its original sorbic acid content. Given these findings, sorbic acid-containing films may be useful in enhancing the safety and shelf-life of ready-to-eat delicatessen products.     

植物精油-EVOH活性包装膜对草鱼鱼肉保鲜效果的研究

分别以2%葡萄籽精油、2%丁香精油、1%葡萄籽精油＋1%丁香精油为活性成分,乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物为基膜材料,用挤出吹塑法通过共混、吹塑等工艺制备活性保鲜薄膜,考察薄膜的基本性能。在冷藏（4±1） ℃条件下对草鱼鱼肉进行保鲜,并以挥发性盐基氮（total volatile basic nitrogen,TVB-N）含量、细菌总数、pH值、硫代巴比妥酸（thiobarbituric acid,TBA）值、持水率以及质构为鲜度指标对保鲜效果进行评价。结果表明：配比为1%葡萄籽精油＋1%丁香精油活性成分制成的活性薄膜对鱼肉具有最佳的保鲜效果,使草鱼鱼肉在（4±1） ℃条件下保鲜达8 d。     

牛至精油活性膜对黑鱼片的保鲜效果

以牛至精油作为抗菌剂,分别加入到乙烯—乙烯醇共聚物(EVOH)和聚乙烯(PE),通过挤出流延制备成2种食品保鲜膜。对保鲜膜的机械性能、透光率和雾度进行表征。用2种保鲜膜包装黑鱼,测定其汁液流失率、pH值、硫代巴比妥酸(TBA)和菌落总数随贮藏时间的变化。结果显示,牛至精油的加入对薄膜的基本性能影响不大;保鲜膜能够减缓所包装黑鱼片的汁液流失率、pH值的增长速度,抑制鱼肉脂质氧化。空白组鱼肉样品的菌落总数在第4天就几乎到达了6lg CFU/g,而含精油的样品组的菌落总数在第8天才接近6lg CFU/g。从菌落总数的变化来看,相对于空白组,含精油的保鲜膜能够减缓包装鱼肉中微生物的生长速度。     

Determination of Sorbic Acid Diffusivity in Edible Wheat Gluten and Lipid Based Films

Edible films using wheat gluten as the structural matrix with or without different lipid components and pure lipid films were tested for sorbic acid retention properties. A diffusion mechanism following Fick's first law was identified. An experimental procedure was developed for determining the diffusivity coefficient of sorbic acid in edible films immersed in an aqueous medium. The effect of film composition and temperature was investigated. The diffusion coefficient of sorbic acid in a gluten based film was 7.6 × 10^?12 m²/sec. The addition of a lipid component such as acetylated monoglyceride led to a 50% reduction in diffusivity. In a pure lipid film such as beeswax the diffusion coefficient of sorbic acid was 2.7 × 10 ^?16m ²/sec. The effect of temperature could be described by an Arrhenius type model, with activation energy ranging from 30.0 to 39.8 kJ/mole.     

Water absorption and oxygen barrier characteristics of ethylene vinyl alcohol films

Oxygen transmission rates (OTR) of two multilayer films containing ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) were analyzed after water absorption at 121 °C. The films, referred to as film A and film B, were laminated film of PET/EVOH/PP and coextruded film of PET/PP/nylon 6/EVOH/nylon 6/PP, respectively. OTR increased with water absorption for both films. Graphical representation of data revealed two apparent linear regions describing the change of OTR with water absorption for both films. At low water contents (up to 4%) OTR were similar for the two films but differed dramatically at higher water contents. Water sorption characteristics of two monolayer EVOH barrier films (biaxially oriented and non-oriented) were determined at 25 °C using standard gravimetric method. Moisture sorption isotherms were analyzed using the Guggenheim-Anderson-de Boer model and the cluster theory of Zimm and Lundberg to evaluate the interactions between water and EVOH.     

壳聚糖-乳清分离蛋白复合膜对鲜切雷竹笋木质化和品质的影响

采用壳聚糖-乳清分离蛋白复合膜（chitosan-whey protein isolate composite film,CWF）涂膜1、2、3 次及去离子水、乙酸处理鲜切雷竹笋,于4 ℃冷藏15 d,以贮藏过程雷竹笋的苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）、过氧化物酶（POD）活力、丙二醛（MDA）、多酚、木质素含量、菌落总数等为指标,研究CWF对鲜切雷竹笋木质化和品质劣变以及涂膜次数对保鲜效果的影响。结果显示,乙酸对鲜切雷竹笋的木质化和微生物有一定的抑制作用,但影响不显著;CWF涂膜可以显著降低鲜切雷竹笋表面的微生物数量,抑制PAL和POD活力,降低木质素、MDA含量,延长鲜切雷竹笋的货架期。随着CWF涂膜次数的增加,保鲜效果更好,考虑到生产成本选择涂膜2 次。     

高效液相色谱法测定葡萄酒中山梨酸含量的不确定度评定

建立高效液相色谱法测定葡萄酒中山梨酸含量的数学模型,全面分析不确定度来源并进行评估计算。影响测量结果不确定度的因素主要有标准曲线配制所使用量具的校准及样品测试过程中重复性实验两项。葡萄酒中山梨酸含量测定结果可表示为（70.4±2.7）mg/kg,包含因子k=2。     

Sorbic,benzoic and propionic acids in fishery products: a survey of the South Korean market

This study was conducted to provide basic data as part of a project to distinguish naturally occurring organic acids from added preservatives. Accordingly, we investigated naturally occurring levels of sorbic, benzoic and propionic acids in fish and their processed commodities. The levels of sorbic, benzoic and propionic acids in 265 fish and their processed commodities were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography–photodiode detection array (HPLC-PDA) of sorbic and benzoic acids and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) of propionic acid. For propionic acid, GC-MS was used because of its high sensitivity and selectivity in complicated matrix samples. Propionic acid was detected in 36.6% of fish samples and 50.4% of processed fish commodities. In contrast, benzoic acid was detected in 5.6% of fish samples, and sorbic acid was not detected in any sample. According to the Korean Food and Drug Administration (KFDA), fishery products and salted fish may only contain sorbic acid in amounts up to 2.0 g kg^?1 and 1.0 g kg^?1, respectively. The results of the monitoring in this study can be considered violations of KFDA regulations (total 124; benzoic acid 8, propionic acid 116). However, it is difficult to distinguish naturally generated organic acids and artificially added preservatives in fishery products. Therefore, further studies are needed to extend the database for distinction of naturally generated organic acids and added preservatives.     

Agar films containing green tea extract and probiotic bacteria for extending fish shelf-life

A bioactive film composed of agar, incorporating green tea extract and probiotic strains (Lactobacillus paracasei L26 and Bifidobacterium lactis B94) was applied on hake fillets in order to evaluate the effect of the films during 15 days of storage. Hake was previously inoculated with Shewanella putrefaciens and Photobacterium phosphoreum (10³–10⁴ CFU/g) to simulate a spoilage process. The green tea and/or probiotic film provoked a reduction, particularly of H₂S-producing bacteria counts and total viable bacteria throughout the storage period. The probiotic strains added to the film could pass to the fish producing an increment of lactic acid bacterial counts, even in the presence of green tea extract. The effect of the films also caused a decrease in the indexes of fish quality (total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), trimethylamine nitrogen (TMA-N) and pH). The total viable counts, H₂S-producing microorganisms and TVB-N were maintained below the limits of acceptability during 15 days for the fillet covered with the green tea + probiotic film, compared to the rest of the samples. Films with green tea and probiotic were able to extend shelf-life of hake at least for a week and increase the beneficial lactic acid bacteria in fish.