Optimization of a polymer four-port microring optical router with three channel wavelengths

Optimization and simulation are performed for a polymer four-port microring optical router with three channel wavelengths, which contains four-group basic routing elements with two different ring radii. In terms of microring resonance theory, coupled mode theory and transfer matrix method, expressions of output power of basic routing element and optical router are derived. In order to realize single-mode propagation, low optical transmission loss and phase match between microring waveguide and channel waveguide, the device parameters are optimized. With the selected three channel wavelengths of 1550 nm, 1552 nm and 1554 nm, characteristics are calculated and analyzed, including output spectrum, insertion loss and crosstalk. Simulation results indicate that the device has 12 possible I/O routing paths, the insertion losses of three channel wavelengths along their routing paths are within the range of 0.02-0.61 dB, the maximum crosstalk between the on-port along each routing path and other off-ports is less than -39 dB, and the device footprint size is -0.13 mm^2. Based on the proposed structure, through proper selection on ring radius, the routing structure can also be used for other channel wavelengths. Therefore, the designed structure shows wide applications in integrated optical networks-on-chip （NoC）.     

Crosstalk‐Enhanced DOS Integrated with Modified Radiation‐Type Attenuators

This letter presents a crosstalk‐enhanced polymer thermo‐optic digital optical switch operating at a low power consumption. Modified radiation‐type attenuators are integrated in a series with a conventional 1 × 2 digital optical switch. A low optical crosstalk of less than ?45 dB is attained at a low applied switching power of 60 mW, and an insertion loss of about 1.1 dB is exhibited.     

Fully packaged polymeric four arrayed 2×2 digital opticalswitch

A fully packaged polymeric four arrayed 2×2 digital optical switch is fabricated. Crosslinkable fluorinated polymers with a large thermooptic coefficient and a low loss are used for a low electrical power consumption and a low insertion loss. We improve the uniformity, crosstalk, and insertion loss with introducing a rib waveguide, a channel waveguide, and a tapered waveguide in the polymeric four arrayed 2×2 digital optical switch. The deviation of crosstalks is ±2 dB at 250 mW. The crosstalks are less than -30 dB for all four 2×2 digital optical switch elements with each total electrical power of 250 mW. The fall and rise times are less than 5 ms. The polarization-dependent losses are in the range of 0.2-0.7 dB. The total insertion losses range from 3.5 to 4.0 dB     

ATL结构在宽带VVA设计中的应用

ATL(Artificial Transmission Line)是一种具有和实际传输线特性相似的二端口网络。采用场效应管制作的电压,可变衰减器由于等效电容效应影响较难在宽带范围内实现低的插入损耗指标。在分析场效应管等效模型的基础上,结合ATL结构的特点,设计并制作了一种宽带电压可变衰减器,在DC~20GHz内实现了插入损耗低于3dB、端口驻波小于2.0的较好微波性能,充分体现了ATL结构对降低衰减器插入损耗和改善端口驻波性能所起到的良好作用。     

Fabrication of a high silica glass waveguide optical accessor

A four-port waveguide-type optical accessor, which is spliced with optical fibres by CO2, laser fusion, has been realised using high silica channel waveguides. The accessor shows excess loss of about 3 dB for both optical branching and mixing, together with low crosstalk of less than ?65dB.     

Client-configurable eight-channel optical add/drop multiplexerusing micromachining technology

A client-configurable optical add/drop multiplexer (OADM) is demonstrated using a micromachined 8×6 matrix switch. The matrix switch can be configured to add/drop any of the eight input channels from/to any of the six add/drop ports. For the switching fabric, the insertion loss is 2~3 dB for the dropped channels and 8~9 dB for the added channels by using the backsides of the micromirror switches. The switching extinction ratio is over 40 dB, the crosstalk between channels is less than -40 dB, and they are equipment-limited in this experiment     

Topology and analysis of an N-stage cascaded polymer eight-port microring optical router with 7N channel wavelengths

Eight-port optical routers are widely used in cluster-mesh photonic networks-on-chip(No C). By using 24 groups of cross-coupling two-ring resonators, a 1-stage 8-port polymer optical router is proposed, which can optically route 7 channel wavelength data streams along definite path in two-dimensional(2D) plane. Under the selected 7 channel wavelengths, the insertion losses along all routing paths are within 0.02-0.58 d B, the maximum crosstalk of all routing operations is less than-39 d B, and the device footprint size is about 0.79 mm2. Then, a universal novel structure and routing scheme of N-stage cascaded 8-port optical router are presented, which contains 7N channel wavelengths. Because of the good scalability in wavelength, this device shows potential application of wideband signal routing in optical No C.     

1.55μm SiGe 2×3光开关

利用多模干涉效应和自由载流子等离子体色散效应设计和模拟了基于1.55μm波长的2×3 SiGe光开关.该光开关由两个单模输入端口、一个多模干涉区和三个单模输出端口构成.在多模干涉区,设有两个折射率调制区,可以利用来把从两个输入端口输入的光信号分别从三个输出端口输出.束传播法分析结果表明,该光开关的传输损耗小于1.43dB,串扰在-18～-32.8dB之间.     

3/spl times/3 all-fiber routing switch

An all-fiber acoustooptic switch has been constructed from a 3/spl times/3 null fused coupler. The maximum drive power required is 4 mW, the switching time is 100 /spl mu/s and the insertion loss is less than 0.5 dB and has a cross talk of 20 dB. The switch shares the advantages of an earlier 2/spl times/2 switch but with more fiber ports, and should permit the design of compound routing arrays with fewer switching elements per channel.     

A Thin-Film Filter-Based 1$, times,$2 Reconfigurable Fiber-Optic Add–Drop Module With a Quadruple Fiber-Optic Collimator

Due to a limited optical crosstalk in most thin-film filter (TF)-based fiber-optic modules, we propose and experimentally verify a low optical crosstalk TF-based 1$, times,$2 reconfigurable fiber-optic add–drop structure. Our key idea is to employ a passive noise rejection scheme by introducing a double reflection on the TF as well as a spatial separation through a combination of a quadruple and a single fiber-optic collimators. Our experimental results show a much improved$≪ - $39.1-dB optical crosstalk at the Thru port. In addition, the measured average optical losses at the Drop and the Thru ports are 1.40 and 1.23 dB, respectively, when the TF is in the optical path. When the mirror is in the optical path, all wavelength optical beams are directed to the Thru port with a measured average 2.50-dB optical loss. A low polarization-dependent loss of$≪$0.17 dB is also determined. Furthermore, our design concept can be used to form a low optical crosstalk fixed three-port add–drop filter and a high dynamic-range wavelength-sensitive variable fiber-optic attenuator.     

Integrated optics N*N multiplexer on silicon

The authors report the measured performance of an integrated N*N multiplexer fabricated using SiO/sub 2//Si waveguides. The insertion loss for N=7 was typically lower than 2.5 dB, and crosstalk was less than -25 dB. The multiplexer response is approximately periodic. In each period the multiplexer accepts, from each input waveguide, a total of N channels, and it efficiently transmits each channel to a particular output port. Similarly, each output port receives N channels, one from each input port. Thus, the total number of channels that can be transmitted simultaneously is N/sup 2/, which requires N optical frequencies.<>     

基于石英衬底的16通道二氧化硅可调复用器/解复用器的单片集成

本文是关于可调复用器/解复用器的单片集成,它由一个16通道200 GHZ的二氧化硅阵列波导光栅和一组马赫增德尔干涉型热光可调光衰减器阵列构成。该集成器件是基于石英衬底的,与基于硅衬底的器件相比,省去了沉积下包层的工艺步骤,并且降低了器件功耗。该集成器件的插入损耗是-5 dB,串扰小于-22 dB。在衰减为20 dB的时候每个通道的功耗只有110 mW。     

Single-mode optical fibre switch

A 1 × 4 single-mode optical fibre switch is described which has an insertion loss of less than 0.5 dB with repeatability of ±0.01 dB and crosstalk less than ?70 dB.     

Fabrication of 64×64 arrayed-waveguide grating multiplexer onsilicon

A 64 channel arrayed-waveguide multiplexer with 0.4 nm (50 GHz) channel spacing at 1.55 μm has been fabricated using SiO₂-Si waveguides. The authors obtained a crosstalk of less than -27 dB to neighbouring and all other channels. The on-chip insertion loss ranges from 3.1 to 5.7 dB for central and peripheral output ports, respectively     

An ultra-compact cross/bar optical routing switch using two polymer electro-optic microrings

A 2×2 cross/bar polymer electro-optic(EO) routing switch is proposed,which is composed of two passive channel waveguides and two active EO polymer microrings with bending radius of only 13.76 μm.Detailed structure,theory and formulation are provided to characterize the output power of the switch.For obtaining fundamental mode propagation,small bending loss and phase-matching between channel waveguide and microring resonator(MRR) waveguide,the structural parameters are optimized under the wavelength of 1550 nm.Analyses and simulations on output power and output spectra indicate that a switching voltage of 5 V is desired to realize the exchange between cross state and bar state,the crosstalk under cross state and that under bar state are about 28.8 dB and 39.9 dB,respectively,and the insertion losses under these two states are about 2.42 dB and 0.13 dB,respectively.Compared with our four EO switches reported before,this device possesses ultra-compact size of 0.233 mm×0.233 mm as well as low crosstalk and insertion loss,and therefore it can serve as a good candidate for constructing large-scale optical routers or switching arrays in photonic network-on-chip(NoC).     

聚合物热光可变光衰减器

提出一种旁路结构聚合物热光可变光衰减器 (variable optical attenuator,VOA)的设计 ,采用旁路波导可提高衰减效率并降低串扰 .软件模拟验证 ,无间距旁路 VOA衰减可达 2 8d B,比未加旁路波导的相同结构 VOA增加10 d B,但同时插入损耗增加 0 .3d B,串扰低于 - 4 4 d B,理论功耗为 4 0 m W.采用倒脊形结构研制了原理性的热光聚合物 VOA,测得衰减大于 11d B,相应输入电流为 6 6 m A,具有明显的热光效应 .     

Compact latching type PANDA fiber switch

A compact and low-polarization crosstalk 1×2 PANDA fiber switch has been developed by precisely aligning the principal axes between the facing fibers. It exhibits an insertion loss of 0.5 dB, a return loss of 42 dB, polarization crosstalk of -30 dB, and a driving power of 9 mW. High-switching reproducibility with a loss change of less than 0.1 dB and a crosstalk change of less than 2 dB were obtained during 10⁴ switching operations     

一种基于串联双环谐振器的4×4无阻塞波长选择路由器

设计了一种基于串联双环谐振器的4×4无阻塞波长选择路 由器。构成该路由器的串联双环谐振器具有良好的箱型滤波曲线,SOI脊波导截面尺寸为波 导宽度450 nm, 高度220 nm,脊高60 nm,微环半径为10 μm,实验可得其3dB带宽为0.3 nm,消光比为 35 dB,带内功率起 伏只有0.1 dB,为实现该路由器的功能提供了很好的实验基础。该波 长选择路由器有九种非阻塞线路,能够 实现四种广播模式路由,其可作为基本光学交换单元,级联多个路由器来构建更强大的片上 光网络。     

A load balancing bufferless deflection router for network-on-chip

The bufferless router emerges as an interesting option for cost-efficient in network-on-chip (NoC) design. However, the bufferless router only works well under low network load because deflection more easily occurs as the injection rate increases. In this paper, we propose a load balancing bufferless deflection router (LBBDR) for NoC that relieves the effect of deflection in bufferless NoC. The proposed LBBDR employs a balance toggle identifier in the source router to control the initial routing direction of X or Y for a flit in the network. Based on this mechanism, the flit is routed according to XY or YX routing in the network afterward. When two or more flits contend the same one desired output port a priority policy called nearer-first is used to address output ports allocation contention. Simulation results show that the proposed LBBDR yields an improvement of routing performance over the reported bufferless routing in the flit deflection rate, average packet latency and throughput by up to 13%, 10% and 6% respectively. The layout area and power consumption compared with the reported schemes are 12% and 7% less respectively.     

A 3-5 GHz TH-UWB transmitter in 0.18-μm RF CMOS technology

5 mV at a 50 Ω load from a 1.8-V supply, the return loss (S11) at the output port is less than -10 dB, and the chip size is 0.7 × 0.8 mm2, with a power consumption of 12.3 mW.