Mechanism of antibacterial activity of silver and praseodymium-loaded white carbon black

This paper investigated the antibacterial mechanism of the Ag-Pr-antibacterial white carbon black.The sol-gel method was used to prepare the carrier:white carbon black.Silver ion was selected to be the antibacterial ion,and praseodymium nitrate was selected to be the additive.The structure and antibacterial mechanism of this new inorganic antibacterial material were characterized by laser particle size analyzer,scanning electron microscope(SEM) techniques,energy dispersive spectrum(EDS) analysis,and antibacterial activity test(Escherichia coli as experimental bacterium).Results showed that the particle size of Ag-Pr-antibacterial White carbon black was less than 30 μm with a narrow size distribution.Ag+ is combined into the white carbon black by both the mode of ion exchange and the mode of adsorption process.The bacteriostasis rate of the Ag-Pr-antibacterial white carbon black was higher than that of the general Ag-antibacterial white carbon black.The antibacterial activity of Ag-Pr-antibacterial white carbon black was caused by the combination of contact and stripping antibacterial mechanism.The result also indicated that this new inorganic antibacterial material had good thermal and light stability.     

Optimized preparation of zinc-inorganic antibacterial material containing samarium using response surface methodology

A Box-Behnken design(BBD) of response surface methodology(RSM) was used to optimize the preparation of the Zn-Sm antibacterial white carbon black by the sol-gel method. The statistical analysis of the results showed that the particle size of the Zn-Sm antibacterial white carbon black was significantly affected by the reaction time, reaction temperature and the stirring speed. According to analysis of variance(ANOVA), the values of the determination coefficient(R2=0.9821) and the "Pred R-Squared" of 0.8227 were in reasonable agreement with the "Adj R-Squared" of 0.9591. It was indicated that this model could be used to navigate the design space. The optimized reaction time, temperature and the stirring speed were 0.88 h, 87.83 oC, and 473.45 r/min, respectively. In addition, the bacteriostasis rate of the product was about 97.92%.     

Synthesis,characteristics, and antibacterial activity of a rare-earth samarium/silver/titanium dioxide inorganic nanomaterials

An inorganic nanomaterials combination of Sm, Ag, and TiO2 was synthesized using supercritical fluid drying （SCFD） combined with solgel techniques. The structure, photocatalysis and bacteriostatic activity of the materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XRPS）, photocatalytic performance, and antibacterial activity experiments. The XRD results showed that the average particle diameter of Sm/Ag/TiO2 was 14.62 nm and Ag and Sm ions were dispersed on the surface of TiO2 in a highly dispersed, amorphous form. The TEM image showed that the size of the particle was 12 nm using the scherer formula. The XPS result showed that the element Sm was doped and Ag was loaded inorganic nanomaterials successfully. Sm/Ag/TiO2 exhibited optimal photocatalytic properties at 600 oC, the photocatalytic optimal proportion of Sm/Ag/TiO2 was 2：2：100. When the molar ratio was 2：2：100, the bacteriostatic circle diameter was 16 mm for Staphylococcus aureus, the minimum bacteriostatic concentration was 200μg/mL for white beads coccus, and the minimum bactericidal concentration was 2×10^4μg/mL for white beads coccus. The SEM results showed that the antibacterial material attached to the candida albicans cell surface, cells appeared fold deformation. Therefore the inorganic nanomaterials Sm/Ag/TiO2 had high temperature resistance, good photocatalytic and antibacterial characteristics in visible light.     

无机包膜过程中铝离子的行为规律分析

针对钛白粉无机包膜中铝离子的沉积规律,通过分光光度法确定了不同铝盐的沉积pH值范围,并采用在线颗粒检测仪对铝离子沉积过程中粒子的数量及粒度进行了实时监测,同时利用FTIR、SEM及XRD对不同沉积条件所得的固体物质进行了分析,确定了不同酸度条件得到的沉淀物的特性,为钛白无机包膜提供参考。     

原料粒度分布对沸腾氯化工艺的影响

在沸腾氯化生产过程中,原料粒度、配碳比、反应温度和气流速度等是影响沸腾氯化效果的主要因素,而原料粒度及其分布是其中最重要的影响因素。原料的最小粒径应大于氯化过程中飘逸出炉体的最大颗粒粒径,最大粒径应小于现有载气压力能够浮起的最大颗粒粒径。从化学动力学和流体动力学两个角度计算气流速度和原料粒度匹配,并通过生产实践中的数据分析进行粒度范围修正,总结出与沸腾氯化设备结构相匹配的原料粒度分布范围。     

热轧H13钢硬度不均匀性的分析

 对H13钢试样进行了退火试验,对退火前后试样进行了硬度测试及扫描电镜和能谱分析。分析了H13钢热轧材硬度不均匀性的形成原因。结果表明,低倍“黑斑”区域硬度平均值为91.43HRB,比正常区域高7.53%;“黑斑”区域主要由“白斑”和“黑色质点”组成,“白斑”化学成分主要是铁,“黑色质点”主要成分为合金碳化物;H13钢试样经退火后,原“黑斑”区域硬度明显降低,从190.2HB下降到168.26HB,退火后“黑色质点”尺寸变小,其碳质量分数大幅度降低,从80%下降到15%;H13钢热轧材硬度不均匀主要是由于钢液凝固过程中成分不均匀所致。     

还原碳化法制备超细碳化铬粉末

以纳米Cr_2O_3和乙炔黑为原料,经高温还原碳化制备超细Cr_3C_2粉末,研究反应温度、反应时间以及配碳量对Cr_3C_2粉末的粒度与游离碳含量的影响。通过热力学计算,只有当温度高于1 350 K时还原碳化反应才有可能进行,采用纳米Cr_2O_3可显著降低反应温度,在1 573 K下焙烧6 h碳化率即达到98.20%;Cr_3C_2粉末的游离碳含量随配碳量增加而显著提高,配碳量(质量分数)为理论配碳量的1.05倍时制得游离碳含量为0.23%、氧含量为0.91%(均为质量分数)、平均粒度为1μm的Cr_3C_2粉末,该粉末达到硬质合金及热喷涂应用的要求。     

高温焙烧法处理铝电解废旧阴极炭块

废旧阴极炭块的无害化与资源化已成为制约铝电解行业绿色可持续发展的资源环境难题。利用高温焙烧法处理废旧阴极炭块,基于不同粒度废旧阴极炭块的工业成分和浸出毒性,探索骨料粒度和焙烧温度对高温焙烧处理效果的影响。结果表明,随着骨料粒度的增大和焙烧温度的提高,回收炭材料碳含量逐渐提高,可溶性氟化物含量大幅降低。在最佳高温焙烧参数下,回收炭材料的碳含量由65.21%提高至94.52%,F^-浸出浓度由4 018.55 mg/L降至7.63 mg/L。同时利用化学沉淀法对气态冷凝产物进行固化处理,提取高纯度的CaF₂产品,避免高浓度含氟烟气二次污染。通过高温焙烧法处理铝电解废旧阴极炭块具备技术可行性。     

Effects of Nanometer Carbon Black on Performance of Low-Carbon MgO-C Composites

The low-carbon magnesia-carbon(MgO-C)composites containing 3%(mass fraction,the same below)carbon were prepared by adding various types of carbon black(CB).The mechanical properties,oxidation resistance at 1100 ℃ in oxidizing atmosphere,and thermal shock resistance after 5 times dipping in 1600 ℃ molten steel of the low-carbon composite samples were investigated,compared with a commercial high-carbon MgO-C composite containing carbon of 16%.The results show that the mechanical properties,oxidation resistance and thermal shock resistance of the low-carbon samples are improved with the decrease of CB particle size.Thermal shock resistance of the low-carbon sample containing nanometer CB N220 is obviously better than that of other low-carbon samples,and reaches the level of the high-carbon samples.     

直流辉光放电质谱法测定高纯氧化镧中25种杂质元素

利用铜粉作为导电介质, 与氧化镧粉末混合均匀, 压片, 采用直流辉光放电质谱法(dc-GDMS)测定了高纯氧化镧粉末中的部分杂质元素含量。考察了辉光放电条件, 如放电电流、放电气体流量、离子源温度以及压片条件, 如两种粉末的混合比例、压片机压力等因素对放电稳定性以及灵敏度的影响, 优化了实验条件;尝试了将镧, 氧和铜的总信号归一化进行计算的方法, 用差减法计算了高纯氧化镧粉末中的杂质元素含量。将铜粉作为试剂空白, 连续测定11次, 统计各待测元素检出限为0.005~0.34 μg/g;对高纯氧化镧粉末样品独立测定6次, 测定结果与电感耦合等离子体质谱法基本吻合, 相对标准偏差在20%以内。     

Preparation of La2O3 by ion-exchange membrane electrolysis of LaCl3 aqueous solution

The ion-exchange membrane electrolysis technology was applied inventively in the preparation of lanthanum hydroxide, after calcination, lanthanum oxide was obtained eventually. The effect of the concentration of lanthanum chloride solution on electrolytic product was mainly investigated. The phase composition, micro morphology, particle size and chlorine content of the product were characterized, respectively. Under the conditions of this work, the product that forms by electrolysis of LaCl₃ aqueous solution directly is La(OH)₃. When the initial concentration of LaCl₃ changes from 0.1 to 0.5 mol/L, the current efficiency of La(OH)₃ increases from 60% to 85%, the product roasted at 800 °C for 1.5 h is La₂O₃, whose median particle size (D₅₀) is 10–20 μm, the mass fraction of chloride ion is less than 0.02 wt%. Additionally, the prepared La₂O₃ particles are porous and non-spherical particles, which are composed of small crystals with sheet structure.     

缺碳预还原MoO3+氢气深脱氧工艺制备超细钼粉

以炭黑为还原剂还原MoO₃制备存在少量MoO₂的预还原Mo粉,然后对预还原Mo粉进行氢气深还原,成功制备出平均粒径为99～190 nm的超细钼粉,研究了碳热还原温度对Mo粉平均粒度和残碳量的影响。结果表明,在同一还原温度下,当C/MoO₃摩尔比从2.0增加到2.1时,产物的粒径变化很小。碳热还原温度对产物粒径和纯度有显著影响。当C/MoO₃摩尔比为2.1时,还原温度从950 ℃增加到1150 ℃,氢还原后钼粉的平均粒径从100 nm增加到190 nm,且残碳量（质量分数）由0.030%降低到0.009%。     

钨粉和碳黑粉粒度对超细WC粉质量的影响

本文采用不同粒度的超细钨粉 (费氏粒度 :0 38、0 41、0 43、0 80、3 6 0、4 5 0、4 5 0 μm)与多种不同粒度的碳黑粉 (费氏粒度 :0 1、0 3、0 5、0 8、4 3、5 3μm)混合 ,在常规碳化工艺 (W +C =WC)条件下 ,( 830～ 1 5 6 0℃ )较宽碳化温度区间内 ,研究了钨粉粒度、碳黑粉粒度对所制备的WC粉的化合碳含量、粒度的影响。在试验中通过化学分析法 ,XRD分析测定WC粉的化合碳、游离碳含量及产物的物相组成 ,并用BET和费氏法测量WC粉的粒度。结果表明 :当采用超细碳黑 (粒度≤ 0 1 μm)时 ,随着W粉粒度变粗 (费氏粒度 0 38～ 4 5 μm)所得WC粉粒度由 0 5 7μm增大到 4 75 μm。碳黑粉粒度对WC粉粒度没有明显影响 ,但碳黑粉粒度对碳化温度、WC粉的化合碳含量、物相组成 ,即WC粉的整体质量影响大     

纳米碳基铂电催化剂的研制及表征

采用Vulcan XC-72R型炭黑为Pt的载体,以H2PtCl6为前驱体,研制出纳米Pt/C电催化剂。讨论了Pt/C电催化剂研制过程中的影响因素,并采用TEM、SPX、XRD、比表面积测试仪等手段对研制出的电催化剂进行表征。结果表明,研制的催化剂Pt的平均粒度小于5 nm、比表面积大于120 m2/g、主品位含量大于99.95%、分散度高。     

Influence of Composite Phosphate Inorganic Antibacterial Materials Containing Rare Earth on Activated Water Property of Ceramics

Antibacterial ceramic was prepared by doping enamel slurry with composite phosphate inorganic antibacterial materials containing rare earth (inorganic antibacterial additives), and then the mechanisms for activating water and improving seed germinative property were tested by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and the method of testing oxygen dissolved in activated water. Results show that the half peak width of ^17O-NMR for tap water activated by the antibacterial ceramic drops from 115.36 to 99.15Hz, and oxygen concentrations of activated water increase by 20%, germinate rate of horsebean and earthnut seeds increases by 12.5% and 7.5%, respectively. Therefore antibacterial ceramic doped enamel slurry with inorganic antibacterial additives containing rare earth can reduce the volume of clusters of water molecules, improve activation of tap water, and promote plant seeds germinate.     

Elution of benzo[alpha]pyrene from carbon particles in the respiratory tract of mice

The effect of carrier particle size on the rate of dissociation of benzo[alpha]pyrene (BaP) from carrier particles deposited in the respiratory tract of mice was studied. BaP-coated carbon particles (in two size ranges, 0.5-1.0 and 15-30 mum) plus 103Ru-tagged carbon tracer particles were intratracheally instilled in mice. The clearance of carbon particles and the simultaneous rate of elimination of BaP from the respiratory tract was measured. BaP adsorbed to 15- to 30-muM carbon particles was eliminated from the lung at essentially the same rate as the carbon particles were cleared. In contrast, BaP adsorbed to 0.5- to 1.0-muM carbon particles was eliminated from the lung approximately 4 times faster than the carbon particles were cleared. The persistence of carcinogens and their rates of elution from carrier particles are discussed in relation to the pathogenesis of lung cancer in animals treated with carcinogen-carrier particle preparations.     

原料粉末对制备碳化钒的影响

为工业化生产提供实验室研究基础,本文以V2O5和纳米碳黑为原料,利用碳热还原法,在常压下碳管炉中得到了V8C7粉末。通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM),分析了原料对反应进程的影响。结果表明:采用普通球磨干混的方式时,比表面积(BET)为112m2/g的碳黑可以加速反应进程,过低或过高都不利于反应的进行;细粒径的V2O5原始粉末可明显加快反应进程,最终得到大小均匀,粒度1μm以下的球形碳化钒粉末。反应机理研究表明,固-固反应的速率与反应组元的颗粒大小和混合均匀程度,以及不同反应组元之间的接触面积有很大关系。     

Particle Size and Clogging of Granular Media Permeated with Leachate

The effect of particle size (4-, 6-, and 15-mm nominal sizes) on the rate of clogging of columns of porous media permeated with municipal solid-waste leachate is examined. Clogging is shown to be more localized over a small volume of the porous media near the influent end of the column for smaller particles than for larger particles, where clogging was more uniformly distributed along the column. This is attributed to the greater surface area per unit volume of smaller particles allowing greater biofilm growth per unit volume. This increased the reduction in chemical oxygen demand (COD) and caused greater deposition of inorganic clog material per unit length of column than for larger particles. The distribution of methanogenic bacteria was found to closely correspond to the zones of most severe clogging. The bulk density of clog material is shown to be between 1.6 and 1.8 Mg∕m3. The chemical composition of the clog material is essentially independent of particle size, with calcium representing 26% of the dry mass of the clog material and CaCO3 being the main component of the clog. An examination of the yield of CaCO3 relative to COD indicates that the carbon in the CaCO3 represents <4% of the organic carbon represented by the drop in COD. Finally, the data from the column test is used to predict the expected time to clog for an actual landfill and were found to give results consistent with what was observed in the field.     

Determination of tensile,flexural properties and microstructural characterization of calcium carbonate filler reinforced polypropylene matrix composites

Calcium carbonate is one of the commonly used inorganic filler reinforcements in polypropylene matrix. In this research work, granules of chicken egg shell containing natural organic calcium carbonate resource has been introduced to reinforce in the polypropylene base material. The aim of this experimental study is to determine the tensile, flexural properties and to characterize the microstructures of granular chicken shell containing natural calcium carbonate reinforced in polypropylene. Chicken egg shells are crushed and sieved and granules of size 160μm are selected for reinforcement in the polypropylene matrix. The granules are then mixed with polypropylene base material with silane as a coupling agent proportionally in order to obtain four different proportions 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% on weight fraction basis with the aid of an extrusion machine. Experimental result have shown improvements in Tensile Modulus and Flexural Modulus of this newly processed natural organic calcium carbonate filler reinforced polypropylene composites, although it has not improved the tensile strength, flexural Strength and strain to fracture. The weight fraction ratio of the filler reinforced in the matrix which gave the highest tensile and flexural modulus is 20% and 10%, respectively.     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定钛合金中镧铈钇

研究了用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定钛合金中镧、铈和钇的条件并建立了分析方法。样品用硫酸或硫酸-氢氟酸溶解, 选择398.852 nm、394.274 nm和371.092 nm波长谱线分别作为镧、铈和钇的分析线, 基体效应对测定的影响采用基匹配方法消除。镧、铈和钇校准曲线的线性范围(质量分数)分别为0.001%～0.030%、0.005%～0.030%和0.001%～0.030%, 线性相关系数均为0.999 9, 检出限分别为0.003 μg/mL(镧)、0.015 μg/mL(铈)和0.001 μg/mL(钇)。对硫酸和硫酸-氢氟酸的溶样效果进行比较, 表明两种溶样方法都能实现镧、铈和钇的准确测定, 但硫酸-氢氟酸的溶样速度快, 可提高分析效率。在不含镧、铈和钇的钛合金样品中加入不同量的镧、铈和钇标准溶液进行精密度和加标回收试验, 测得镧、铈和钇的RSD值分别小于或等于1.7%、7.3%和0.59%, 回收率在92%～100%之间。方法用于钛合金样品中钇和镧的测定, 测定值与ICP-MS法的测定值一致;用于钛合金标样中铈和钇的测定, 测定值与认定值相符。