标准CMOS工艺低压栅控硅发光器件设计与制备

本文采用0.18μm标准CMOS工艺设计并制备了一种MOS结构的低压栅控硅基发光器件.该光源器件内部采用n+-p+-p+-n+-p+-p+-n+的叉指结构,在相邻两个p+有源区之间覆盖多晶硅栅作为第三端控制电极,用于在源/漏区边缘形成场诱导结,降低p+/n-well结的反向击穿电压,提高器件发光功率.测试结果表明,该光源器件可以发射420nm～780nm的黄色可见光,在3V的正向栅压下,p+/n-well发光二极管的反向击穿电压下降到3V以下,光输出功率提高至2倍以上.本文设计的光源器件工作电压较低,并且与CMOS工艺完全兼容,可以与其他CMOS电路共用电源并且实现单片集成,在硅基光电子集成领域具有一定的应用价值.     

简讯

<正> 栅长0.07μm的晶体管日本广岛大学已研制成引人注目的0.1μm以下小尺寸晶体管,即用0.07μm多晶硅栅加工技术制作的n-MOS晶体管,在3.3V电源电压下工作。为了能使栅长0.07μmMOS晶体管在3.3V工作,必须在器件结构上下功夫。为了防止击穿,从Si表面进行离子注入,深度为80nm,制成p层,并做成抑制器。为此,3V下工作的漏电流控制在1nA(栅宽30μm)。另外,根据定速装置中的边缘电场,达到栅重叠的效应,也可提高电导。这样能实现用多晶硅制作定速装置。使用电子束直接扫描装置进行曝光。在栅加工中,要残留40nm薄的氧化膜,必须把多晶硅电极的形状做成垂直。采用二次腐蚀的方法来解决这个问题。另外,由于腐蚀时的多晶硅各方向性很     

碳纳米管薄膜的场发射及其有效发射面积

讨论了薄膜与阳极间隔以及有效发射面积对碳纳米管薄膜场发射性能的影响。以磁控溅射Al和Ni在Si片上做为缓冲层和催化剂,以乙炔为C源气体,利用化学气相沉积法制备了碳纳米管薄膜。扫描电镜观测结果表明,碳纳米管的直径为50～80nm。采用二极管结构,测试了样品的场发射性能,结果表明碳纳米管薄膜具有优异的场发射特性,薄膜与阳极距离为400μm时开启场为0.85V/μm、阈值场为1.22V/μm。F-N理论计算结果表明,碳纳米管薄膜的有效发射面积几乎不随场发射所加电压的变化而改变;有效发射面积随着薄膜与阳极距离的增加而增大。     

四脚状纳米氧化锌阴极的场致发射显示研究

以高温气相氧化法制备的四脚状纳米氧化锌作为场致发射材料，采用简易的喷涂方法将其制备为场致发射阴极。将阴极与印刷有荧光粉的阳极板组装成二极结构场致发射显示屏，并进行了场致发射特性实验，实现了稳定的场致电子发射及全屏点亮。该二极结构的场致发射开启场强为1.5V／μm，当场强为7.5V／μm时，发射电流密度可达3．44μA／cm2。实验结果表明了氧化锌半导体纳米材料是一种很好的场致发射阴极材料。     

基于多层MIM结构超材料的耐高温波长选择性宽带红外隐身特性研究

超材料是一种人工复合结构,因非凡的红外发射/吸收调控能力,成为实现红外隐身技术的有效途径。针对当前超材料实现波长选择性红外辐射隐身的不足,提出和设计了基于耐高温金属材料钼Mo的多层金属 介质 金属(MIM)结构超材料,同时实现了5～8μm波段的宽带高发射(吸收)和中红外波段3～5μm、远红外波段8～14μm的宽带低发射(吸收)。进一步研究表明该隐身结构耐高温性能非常突出,在500～2500K温度范围内其红外辐射特征都能被抑制,同时,红外辐射的角度选择性也很好,75°范围内时5～8μm和8～14μm波段辐射特性无明显变化。该工作为新型耐高温波长选择性宽带红外隐身技术提供了一个新的途径。     

1.22μm碲镉汞/碲化镉雪崩光电二极管

用液相外延法制备峰值响应在1.22μm、截止波长为1.25μm的平面HgCdTe/CdTe雪崩光电二极管。用1.06μmNd:YAG激光器照射取得高于15的雪崩增益。所测反向击穿电压为80V,在40V时的漏电流密度为1×10~(-4)A/cm~2。在不加任何增透层的情况下于1.22μm时的峰值量子效率为72％。     

漏源间距对AlGaN/GaN HEMT器件特性的影响

采用相同的欧姆接触,栅长为100 nm的T型栅以及50 nm的氮化硅(SiN)表面钝化等器件工艺,制备了漏源间距分别为2和3μm的AlGaN/GaN高电子迁移率场效应晶体管(HEMT).研究发现,当漏源间距从2μm增加至3μm后,器件的直流特性略有下降,如在Vgs为1V下的饱和电流密度从1.4 A/mm下降至1.3 A/mm.此外,器件的射频特性也略有下降,电流增益截止频率(fT)从121 GHz降至116 GHz,最大振荡频率(fmax)从201 GHz下降至189 GHz.然而,器件的击穿特性却有显著提升,击穿电压从44 V提升至87 V.在实际器件设计制备过程中可考虑适当增加漏源间距,在保持直流和射频特性的前提下,提升器件的击穿特性.     

高边缘击穿和扩展光谱的圆形单光子雪崩二极管

介绍了一种0. 18μm互补金属氧化物半导体(CMOS)技术的新型宽光谱荧光相关谱探测器,其为高边缘击穿、扩展光谱和低暗计数率的圆形单光子雪崩二极管(SPAD).该器件由p+/deep n-well结,p-well保护环和多晶硅保护环组成.通过Silvaco TCAD 3D器件仿真,直径为10μm的圆形p+/deep n-well SPAD器件具有较高边缘击穿特性.此外,p+/deep n-well结SPAD比p+/n-well结SPAD具有更长的波长响应和扩展光谱响应范围.该器件在0. 5 V过量偏压下,可在490～775 nm波长范围内实现超过40%的光子探测率.该圆形p+/deep n-well SPAD器件在25℃时具有较好雪崩击穿为15. 14 V,具有较低暗计数率为638 Hz.     

高量子效率前照式GaN基p-i-n结构紫外探测器

研究了Al0.1Ga0.9N/GaN异质结p-i-n结构可见盲紫外探测器的制备与性能.p区采用Al组分含量为0.1的AlGaN外延材料形成窗口层,使340～365nm波段的紫外光可以直接透过p区到达i区并被吸收,有效提高了这个波段的响应率与量子效率.并且研究了不同p区AlGaN外延层厚度对探测器性能的影响,制备了两种不同p区厚度(0.1μm和0.15μm)的器件,测试结果表明,p区的厚度对200～340nm波段光吸收的量子效率影响较大,而i区的晶体质量的提高可以有效提高340～365nm波段光吸收的量子效率.并且当p区AlGaN厚度为0.15μm时,器件的峰值响应率达到0.214A/W,在考虑表面反射时外量子效率高达85.6%,接近理论极限,并且在零偏压时暗电流密度为3.16nA/cm2,表明器件具有非常高的信噪比.     

高量子效率前照式GaN基p-i-n结构紫外探测器

研究了Al0.1Ga0.9N/GaN异质结p-i-n结构可见盲紫外探测器的制备与性能.p区采用Al组分含量为0.1的AlGaN外延材料形成窗口层,使340～365nm波段的紫外光可以直接透过p区到达i区并被吸收,有效提高了这个波段的响应率与量子效率.并且研究了不同p区AlGaN外延层厚度对探测器性能的影响,制备了两种不同p区厚度(0.1μm和0.15μm)的器件,测试结果表明,p区的厚度对200～340nm波段光吸收的量子效率影响较大,而i区的晶体质量的提高可以有效提高340～365nm波段光吸收的量子效率.并且当p区AlGaN厚度为0.15μm时,器件的峰值响应率达到0.214A/W,在考虑表面反射时外量子效率高达85.6%,接近理论极限,并且在零偏压时暗电流密度为3.16nA/cm2,表明器件具有非常高的信噪比.     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.     

Curved crystal spectrometer for the measurement of X-ray lines from laser-produced plasmas

In order to diagnose the laser-produced plasmas, a focusing curved crystal spectrometer has been developed for measuring the X-ray lines radiated from a laser-produced plasmas. The design is based on the fact that the ray emitted from a source located at one focus of an ellipse will converge on the other focus by the reflection of the elliptical surface. The focal length and the eccentricity of the ellipse are 1350 mm and 0.9586, respectively. The spectrometer can be used to measure the X- ray lines in the wavelength range of 0.2-0.37 nm, and a LiF crystal （200） （2d = 0.4027 nm） is used as dispersive element covering Bragg angle from 30° to 67.5°. The spectrometer was tested on Shengnang- Ⅱ which can deliver laser energy of 60-80 J/pulse and the laser wavelength is 0.35 μm. Photographs of spectra including the 1 s2p ^1P1-1s^2 ^1S0 resonance line（w）, the 1s2p ^3P2-1s^2 1S0 magnetic quadrupole line（x）, the 1s2p ^3P1-1 s^2 ^1S0 intercombination lines（y）, the 1 s2p ^3S~1-1 s^2 ^1S0 forbidden line（z） in helium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅺ and the 1 s2s2p ^2P3/2-1 s622s ^2S1/2 line（q） in lithium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅹhave been recorded with a X-ray CCD camera. The experimental result shows that the wavelength resolution（λ/△ 2） is above 1000 and the elliptical crystal spectrometer is suitable for X-ray spectroscopy.     

Electronic Structure of Semiconductor Nanocrystals

This paper reviews our recent development of the use of the large-scale pseudopotential method to calculate the electronic structure of semiconductor nanocrystals, such as quantum dots and wires, which often contain tens of thousands of atoms. The calculated size-dependent exciton energies and absorption spectra of quantum dots and wires are in good agreement with experiments. We show that the electronic structure of a nanocrystal can be tuned not only by its size,but also by its shape. Finally,we show that defect properties in quantum dots can be significantly different from those in bulk semiconductors.     

Critical Stage Rule-Based Real Time Dispatch（RTD）System in Highly-Mixed-Products （HMP） FAB

An improving utilization and efficiency of critical equipments in semiconductor wafer fabrication facilities are concerned. Semiconductor manufacturing FAB is one of the most complicated and cost sensitive environments. A good dispatching tool will make big difference in equipment utilization and FAB output as a whole. The equipment in this paper is In-Line DUV Scanner. There are many factors impacting utilization and output on this equipment group. In HMP environment one of the issues is changing of reticule in this area and idle counts due to load unbalance between equipments. Here we'll introduce a rule-based RTD system which aiming at decreasing the number of recipe change and idle counts among a group of scanner equipment in a high-mixed-products FAB.     

GaAsSb/InAlAs PA DHBTs Grown by Production MBE

The epi material growth of GaAsSb based DHBTs with InAlAs emitters are investigated using a 4 × 100mm multi-wafer production Riber 49 MBE reactor fully equipped with real-time in-situ sensors including an absorption band edge spectroscope and an optical-based flux monitor. The state-of-the-art hole mobilities are obtained from 100nm thick carbon-doped GaAsSb. A Sb composition variation of less than ± 0.1 atomic percent across a 4 × 100mm platen configuration has been achieved. The large area InAlAs/GaAsSb/InP DHBT device demonstrates excellent DC characteristics,such as BVCEO＞6V and a DC current gain of 45 at 1kA/cm2 for an emitter size of 50μm × 50μm. The devices have a 40nm thick GaAsSb base with p-doping of 4. 5 × 1019cm-3 . Devices with an emitter size of 4μm × 30μm have a current gain variation less than 2% across the fully processed 100mm wafer. ft and fmax are over 50GHz,with a power efficiency of 50% ,which are comparable to standard power GaAs HBT results. These results demonstrate the potential application of GaAsSb/InP DHBT for power amplifiers and the feasibility of multi-wafer MBE for mass production of GaAsSb-based HBTs.     

Technology innovation and process integrations for sub-100nm gate patterning

This paper presents a brief overview of the Applied Centura(R)DPS(R)system,configured with silicon etch DPS Ⅱ chamber, with emphasis on discussing tuning capability for CD uniformity control. It also presents the studies of etch process chemistry and film integration impact for an overall successful gate patterning development. Discussions will focus on resolutions to key issues, such as CD uniformity, line-edge roughness, and multilayer film etching integration.     

White organic light-emitting devices based on fac tris（2- phenylpyridine） iridium sensitized 5,6,11,12-tetraphenylnap -hthacene

We have fabricated the white organic light-emitting devices （WOLEDs） based on 4,4＇ -bis（2,2 -diphenyl vinyl）-1,1＇ - biphenyl （DPVBi） and phosphorescence sensitized 5,6,11,12,-tetraphenylnaphthacene （rubrene）. The device structure is ITO/2T-NATA （20 nm）/NPBX （20 nm）/CBP： x%Ir（ppy）3：0.5% rubrene （8 nm）/NPBX （5 nm）/DPVBi （30 nm）/Alq（30 nm）/LiF（0.5 nm）/A1. In the devices, DPVBi acts as a blue light-emitting layer, the rubrene is sensitized by a phosphorescent material, fac tris （2-phenylpyridine） iridium [Ir（ppy）3], acts as a yellow light-emitting layer, and N,N＇ -bis- （1-naphthyl）- N,N＇ -diphenyl -1, 1＇ -biphenyl-4,4＇ -diamine （NPBX） acts as a hole transporting and exciton blocker layer, respectively. When the concentration of Ir （PPY）3 is 6wt%, the maximum luminance is 24960 cd/m^2 at an applied voltage of 15 V, and the maximum luminous efficiency is 5.17 cd/A at an applied voltage of 8 V.     

Complete approach to automatic identification and subpixel center location for ellipse feature

To meet the need of automatic image features extraction with high precision in visual inspection, a complete approach to automatic identification and sub-pixel center location for similar-ellipse feature is proposed. In the method, the feature area is identified automatically based on the edge attribute, and the sub-pixel center location is accomplished with the leastsquare algorithm. It shows that the method is valid, practical, and has high precision by experiment. Meanwhile this method can meet the need of instrumentation of visual inspection because of easy realization and without man-machine interaction.     

小角度扩展相关性近似算法分析

本论文提出一种在多天线MIMO信道相关性建模中小角度扩展近似理论算法,并应用于分析MIMO系统性能。分析中分别对三种不同角能量分布情况下的空间相关性研发快速近似计算法,并同时提出双模(Bi-Modal)角能量分布情况下的近似运算。通过分析这些新方法的近似效率,可以得到计算简单、复杂度低、而且符合实际的MIMO相关信道矩阵,对系统级的快速高效计算法的研究和系统级的评估以及误差分析具有重要的意义。     

Noise character analysis and the restraint of self-pulsation laser diodes

We calculate the Langevin noise sources of self-pulsation laser diodes, analyze the effects of active region noise and saturable-absorption region noise on the power fluctuation as well as period fluctuation, and propose a novel method to restrain the noise effects. A visible SIMULINK model is established to simulate the system, The results indicate that the effects of noise in absorption region can be ignored; that with the increase of DC injecting current, the noise effects enhance power jitter, and nevertheless, the period jitter is decreased; and that with external sinusoidal current modulating the self-pulsation laser diode, the noise-induced power jitter and period jitter can be suppressed greatly. This work is valuable for clock recovery in all-optical network.