一种复杂环境下改进的SAR图像双边CFAR舰船检测算法

双边恒虚警率(BCFAR)检测算法通过高斯核密度估计器计算出合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像的空间信息,并将它与图像的强度信息相结合得到联合图像以进行目标检测。相较于只使用强度信息来进行目标检测的经典CFAR检测算法,双边CFAR有着更好的检测性能和鲁棒性。然而,在复杂环境下出现连片的高强度异质点时(例如防波堤、方位模糊和幻影等),核密度估计器计算出的空间信息会出现较多误差,这会导致检测结果中出现大量虚警。此外,当遇到相邻像素点间相似度较低的弱目标时,双边CFAR会发生漏检。为了有效改善这些问题,该文设计一种复杂环境下改进的SAR图像双边CFAR舰船检测算法(IB-CFAR)。该文所提IB-CFAR主要分为3个阶段来实现,分别为基于非均匀量化法的强度层级划分、强度-空间域信息融合、杂波截断后的参数估计。基于非均匀量化法的强度层级划分可以提升弱目标的相似度和对比度信息,从而提升舰船检测率。强度-空间域信息融合在于将空间相似度、距离向和强度等信息进行融合,在进一步提升检测率的同时对舰船的结构信息进行精细化描述。杂波截断后的参数估计可以去除背景窗口中连片的高强度异质点,最大限度地保留真实海杂波样本,使参数估计更加精确。最后,根据估计出的参数建立精确的海杂波统计模型以进行CFAR检测。该文使用高分3号和TerraSAR-X数据来验证该算法的有效性和鲁棒性。实验结果表明,所提出的算法在包含较多密集分布的弱目标环境下表现良好,在此类环境下能获得97.85%的检测率和3.52%的虚警率,相比于现有的检测算法,检测率提升了5%,并且虚警率降低了10%,但在弱目标个数较少且背景十分复杂的环境下,则会出现少量虚警。      

基于多特征融合的SAR图像舰船自学习检测算法

传统的舰船检测方法主要包括恒虚警检测(CFAR)和机器学习类算法,其中CFAR舰船检测容易受噪声影响,检测结果过分依赖参数与海杂波模型的选择,准确率低并且鲁棒性较差。简单的阈值判定方法由于特征单一,对舰船目标描述性较差,机器学习算法需要对已有数据库中舰船数据进行训练,准确度较高但检测周期过长,更新较慢,无法满足现代战争的快速反应、实时更新的需求。提出一种基于多特征融合的自学习算法,对感兴趣目标提取形态学、灰度和轮廓等多种特征,通过对多特征阈值判定方法对相似舰船目标进行检测,可实现对战场突发状况与未知目标快速反应能力的同时保证较高的检测准确率。实验结果表明,提出的检测算法相比传统方法的查全率提高了10%,虚警率降低了4%,并且实现了单幅运行时间的大幅度缩减。     

基于CFAR级联的SAR图像舰船目标检测算法

SAR图像舰船目标检测在军事监视和海洋环境监管等方面有着重要的意义。针对SAR图像的特点,提出了一种基于全局CFAR检测与局部CFAR检测级联的舰船目标检测算法。在全局CFAR检测中,通过海杂波特性拟合优选海杂波统计模型,以较高的虚警率筛选潜在的目标点;在局部CFAR检测中,以潜在目标点的连通区域为单位,通过检测窗口的选取、背景像素的确定和海杂波拟合等步骤以后,以较低的虚警率确定目标。最后,通过条件扩张算法和目标像素聚类完善船只细节。实验结果表明,文中算法在保证良好的检测性能的同时,具有检测效率高、舰船细节完整等优点,为舰船目标鉴别和信息提取提供了良好的保障,更加符合实际应用需求。     

基于嵌入式GPU的SAR实时舰船检测算法CUDA设计

为了实现对合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像中舰船目标的实时检测,本文以双参数恒虚警(CFAR)算法为例,提出一种基于ARM+GPU架构的SAR图像舰船目标检测算法的实现方案.该方案在NVIDIA Jetson TK1开发板上的测试结果表明,与传统基于CPU的SAR图像舰船检测算法相比,该方案能够达到数百倍的速度提升,有效解决了利用CPU平台进行舰船目标检测耗时长、效率低的问题.Jetson TK1作为嵌入式处理平台,相对于工作站或服务器,在功耗和便携性方面都具有明显的优势.     

一种结合空间信息的星载SAR图像舰船目标检测算法

针对常规恒虚警率(CFAR)方法对低信杂比合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像舰船目标检测效果不佳的问题,提出一种结合空间信息的星载SAR图像舰船目标检测方法。该方法通过将像素的空间信息与灰度信息相结合构造联合图像,以提高目标与背景的对比度,然后对联合图像进行CFAR检测。基于不同分辨力实测星载SAR图像舰船目标检测的实验结果表明,与直接基于CFAR的方法相比,该方法对低信杂比SAR图像具有更好的检测性能。     

基于Duffing振子的机场异物自动判决算法

基于毫米波雷达的机场异物(FOD)检测技术具有高分辨率和低功耗的特点,但是传统恒虚警(CFAR)类检测算法在低信杂比(SCR)情况下虚警过高.该文提出一种基于Duffing振子的FOD检测算法.该算法首先利用杂波图CFAR检测算法将雷达接收机接收回波中的背景杂波初步分离,获得目标(包含虚警)的距离信息,并利用该信息构造Duffing方程,之后将此方程作为系统检测模型,输入接收回波信号,求解输出信号方差,采用方差极值法区分目标和虚警.仿真结果表明,在低信杂比情况下,即使虚警概率为10-3,该文检测算法也可以降低虚警率,实现目标与虚警的自动判决.与传统CFAR检测算法相比,该算法的检测概率高于传统检测算法且随信杂比的下降减小速度缓慢,即使在信杂比-30 dB的情况下所提算法仍然可以保持84％的检测概率.     

一种基于视觉显著性的SAR图像弱目标检测算法

针对传统的恒虚警率(CFAR)算法应用于SAR图像弱目标检测存在虚警率高的问题,提出一种基于改进型Itti视觉显著性模型的新算法。该算法首先获取SAR图像的局部方差特征图、亮度频率特征图和全局对比度特征图,然后将特征图经高斯模糊和归一化后,将其非线性融合生成原始SAR图像尺度的显著图,最后从显著图中提取视觉显著性区域作为最终的检测结果。仿真结果表明,通过和改进型CFAR、相干CFAR和二维Otsu检测三种算法的检测性能对比,该算法在检测准确率和时间复杂度上均具有良好的性能。     

一种改进的高分辨率SAR图像超像素CFAR舰船检测算法

合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像舰船目标检测一直受到学者广泛关注,恒虚警率(CFAR)检测算法作为雷达图像经典目标检测算法被广泛应用于SAR图像舰船目标检测中。然而经典CFAR检测性能容易受到相干斑噪声影响,基于滑窗的检测结果对滑窗的尺寸选择非常敏感,难以保证杂波背景中不存在目标像素,并且计算效率较低。针对上述问题,该文提出了一种新的基于超像素无窗快速CFAR的SAR图像舰船目标检测算法。首先,利用基于密度的快速噪声空间聚类(DBSCAN)超像素生成方法生成SAR图像的超像素。在SAR数据服从混合瑞利分布的假设下,定义了超像素相异度。然后利用超像素精确估计每个像素的杂波参数,即使在多目标情况下,也可以克服传统CFAR滑动窗口的缺点。此外,基于SAR图像变异系数,提出了一种基于变异系数的局部超像素对比度来优化CFAR检测,以此消除大量杂波虚警,如陆地区域人造目标。对5幅SAR图像的实验结果表明,与其他方法相比,该文方法对不同场景SAR图像海面舰船目标检测都十分稳健。      

基于Duffing振子的机场异物自动判决算法

基于毫米波雷达的机场异物(FOD)检测技术具有高分辨率和低功耗的特点,但是传统恒虚警(CFAR)类检测算法在低信杂比(SCR)情况下虚警过高。该文提出一种基于Duffing振子的FOD检测算法。该算法首先利用杂波图CFAR检测算法将雷达接收机接收回波中的背景杂波初步分离,获得目标(包含虚警)的距离信息,并利用该信息构造Duffing方程,之后将此方程作为系统检测模型,输入接收回波信号,求解输出信号方差,采用方差极值法区分目标和虚警。仿真结果表明,在低信杂比情况下,即使虚警概率为10–3,该文检测算法也可以降低虚警率,实现目标与虚警的自动判决。与传统CFAR检测算法相比,该算法的检测概率高于传统检测算法且随信杂比的下降减小速度缓慢,即使在信杂比–30 dB的情况下所提算法仍然可以保持84%的检测概率。     

基于灰度相关性的SAR图像联合CFAR舰船检测算法

分析了中高分辨率SAR海洋图像的目标和海杂波特点,利用了SAR海洋图像中舰船目标的灰度相关性、形状特性以及舰船目标与背景杂波的信杂比特性,提出了一种基于灰度相关性的联合CFAR舰船检测算法。算法综合利用了舰船目标内部相邻像素间的灰度强相关性和舰船目标和海杂波的信杂比,建立了海杂波区域内相邻像素间灰度值的二维对数正态分布来实现联合CFAR检测。该算法能够改善斑点噪声和背景局部不均匀对检测带来的虚警,检测效果相比于传统检测算法更加优越。     

Technology innovation and process integrations for sub-100nm gate patterning

This paper presents a brief overview of the Applied Centura(R)DPS(R)system,configured with silicon etch DPS Ⅱ chamber, with emphasis on discussing tuning capability for CD uniformity control. It also presents the studies of etch process chemistry and film integration impact for an overall successful gate patterning development. Discussions will focus on resolutions to key issues, such as CD uniformity, line-edge roughness, and multilayer film etching integration.     

White organic light-emitting devices based on fac tris（2- phenylpyridine） iridium sensitized 5,6,11,12-tetraphenylnap -hthacene

We have fabricated the white organic light-emitting devices （WOLEDs） based on 4,4＇ -bis（2,2 -diphenyl vinyl）-1,1＇ - biphenyl （DPVBi） and phosphorescence sensitized 5,6,11,12,-tetraphenylnaphthacene （rubrene）. The device structure is ITO/2T-NATA （20 nm）/NPBX （20 nm）/CBP： x%Ir（ppy）3：0.5% rubrene （8 nm）/NPBX （5 nm）/DPVBi （30 nm）/Alq（30 nm）/LiF（0.5 nm）/A1. In the devices, DPVBi acts as a blue light-emitting layer, the rubrene is sensitized by a phosphorescent material, fac tris （2-phenylpyridine） iridium [Ir（ppy）3], acts as a yellow light-emitting layer, and N,N＇ -bis- （1-naphthyl）- N,N＇ -diphenyl -1, 1＇ -biphenyl-4,4＇ -diamine （NPBX） acts as a hole transporting and exciton blocker layer, respectively. When the concentration of Ir （PPY）3 is 6wt%, the maximum luminance is 24960 cd/m^2 at an applied voltage of 15 V, and the maximum luminous efficiency is 5.17 cd/A at an applied voltage of 8 V.     

Complete approach to automatic identification and subpixel center location for ellipse feature

To meet the need of automatic image features extraction with high precision in visual inspection, a complete approach to automatic identification and sub-pixel center location for similar-ellipse feature is proposed. In the method, the feature area is identified automatically based on the edge attribute, and the sub-pixel center location is accomplished with the leastsquare algorithm. It shows that the method is valid, practical, and has high precision by experiment. Meanwhile this method can meet the need of instrumentation of visual inspection because of easy realization and without man-machine interaction.     

小角度扩展相关性近似算法分析

本论文提出一种在多天线MIMO信道相关性建模中小角度扩展近似理论算法,并应用于分析MIMO系统性能。分析中分别对三种不同角能量分布情况下的空间相关性研发快速近似计算法,并同时提出双模(Bi-Modal)角能量分布情况下的近似运算。通过分析这些新方法的近似效率,可以得到计算简单、复杂度低、而且符合实际的MIMO相关信道矩阵,对系统级的快速高效计算法的研究和系统级的评估以及误差分析具有重要的意义。     

Curved crystal spectrometer for the measurement of X-ray lines from laser-produced plasmas

In order to diagnose the laser-produced plasmas, a focusing curved crystal spectrometer has been developed for measuring the X-ray lines radiated from a laser-produced plasmas. The design is based on the fact that the ray emitted from a source located at one focus of an ellipse will converge on the other focus by the reflection of the elliptical surface. The focal length and the eccentricity of the ellipse are 1350 mm and 0.9586, respectively. The spectrometer can be used to measure the X- ray lines in the wavelength range of 0.2-0.37 nm, and a LiF crystal （200） （2d = 0.4027 nm） is used as dispersive element covering Bragg angle from 30° to 67.5°. The spectrometer was tested on Shengnang- Ⅱ which can deliver laser energy of 60-80 J/pulse and the laser wavelength is 0.35 μm. Photographs of spectra including the 1 s2p ^1P1-1s^2 ^1S0 resonance line（w）, the 1s2p ^3P2-1s^2 1S0 magnetic quadrupole line（x）, the 1s2p ^3P1-1 s^2 ^1S0 intercombination lines（y）, the 1 s2p ^3S~1-1 s^2 ^1S0 forbidden line（z） in helium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅺ and the 1 s2s2p ^2P3/2-1 s622s ^2S1/2 line（q） in lithium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅹhave been recorded with a X-ray CCD camera. The experimental result shows that the wavelength resolution（λ/△ 2） is above 1000 and the elliptical crystal spectrometer is suitable for X-ray spectroscopy.     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.     

Electronic Structure of Semiconductor Nanocrystals

This paper reviews our recent development of the use of the large-scale pseudopotential method to calculate the electronic structure of semiconductor nanocrystals, such as quantum dots and wires, which often contain tens of thousands of atoms. The calculated size-dependent exciton energies and absorption spectra of quantum dots and wires are in good agreement with experiments. We show that the electronic structure of a nanocrystal can be tuned not only by its size,but also by its shape. Finally,we show that defect properties in quantum dots can be significantly different from those in bulk semiconductors.     

A Versatile Mixed-Signal Pin Approach for Cost-Effective Test of Automotive ICs

Integrated circuits (ICs) intended for increasingly sophisticated automotive applications bring unique test demands. Advanced ICs for applications such as highly integrated automatic braking system (ABS) and airbag controllers combine high voltage digital channels, significant VI demands and precise timing capability. Along with continued missioncritical reliability concerns, the trend toward higher voltage operation and increased device integration requires specialized test capabilities able to extend across the wide operating ranges found in automotive applications. Among these capabilities, automotive test requirements increasingly dictate a need for a cost-effective versatile mixed-signal pin electronics with very high data rates reaching up to 50MHz with a voltage swing of-2 V to +28 V.     

Critical Stage Rule-Based Real Time Dispatch（RTD）System in Highly-Mixed-Products （HMP） FAB

An improving utilization and efficiency of critical equipments in semiconductor wafer fabrication facilities are concerned. Semiconductor manufacturing FAB is one of the most complicated and cost sensitive environments. A good dispatching tool will make big difference in equipment utilization and FAB output as a whole. The equipment in this paper is In-Line DUV Scanner. There are many factors impacting utilization and output on this equipment group. In HMP environment one of the issues is changing of reticule in this area and idle counts due to load unbalance between equipments. Here we'll introduce a rule-based RTD system which aiming at decreasing the number of recipe change and idle counts among a group of scanner equipment in a high-mixed-products FAB.     

Optical vibration and deviation measurement of rotating machine parts

It is of interest to get appropriate information about the dynamic behaviour of rotating machinery parts in service. This paper presents an approach of optical vibration and deviation measurement of such parts. Essential of this method is an image derotator combined with a high speed camera or a laser doppler vibrometer （LDV）.