半矢量模式求解在光波导弯曲损耗计算中的应用

以柱坐标下的半矢量波动方程为基础,采用基于完美匹配层(PML)边界条件的有限差分方法,对弯曲波导进行模式求解,进而得到波导弯曲引起的辐射损耗。基于计算得到的直弯波导的模场分布,采用二维重叠积分法计算了两者连接时的过渡损耗。计算结果与已有实验结果符合较好。采用该方法,研究了SOI脊型波导的弯曲损耗与波导结构参数之间的关系,并对直弯波导的连接进行了优化。     

亚毫米波折叠波导慢波结构的损耗特性研究

损耗是慢波结构的重要参量之一.采用理论与仿真的方法分析了在亚毫米波段(220 GHz)折叠波导慢波结构的导体损耗.在理论模型计算了弯曲波导段的衰减系数,并考虑了波导内表面粗糙度对电导率的影响,从而使模型更接近实际情况.计算结果表明,弯曲波导段的衰减常数大于直渡导段,而且理论模型计算出的每周期折叠波导电路的损耗与高频仿真软件HFSS的结果吻合较好,说明理论模型有较高的精确度.在此基础上,分析了慢渡结构参数变化对损耗的影响.     

基于贝塞尔函数数值求解平面光波导的弯曲损耗

为了数值求解平面光波导的弯曲损耗，首先给出了平面弯曲光波导的传输模型。基于这种模型，使用基于求解贝塞尔函数的方法数值求解出平面光波导的弯曲损耗。为了验证该方法的准确性，将计算得到的弯曲损耗结果与以往的实验结果相比较，结果表明，在弯曲半径较大的情况下两者基本吻合。     

微纳米SiGe-SOI弯曲波导的设计

在绝缘体上硅(Silicon-on-insulator,SOI)材料的基础上,建立了SiGe-SOI微纳米尺寸的光波导结构模型,选取了损耗较小的S型SiGe-SOI弯曲光波导进行设计,并对其直波导和弯曲波导的模场进行了分析。设计中采用保角变换和三维全矢量BPM算法相结合的方法,对SiGe-SOI弯曲光波导进行了弯曲损耗分析,得到了弯曲半径对弯曲损耗的影响,给出了影响微纳米SiGe-SOI弯曲光波导设计的敏感参数。最后根据理论分析的结果,绘制了不同宽度的光波导版图,制作了微纳米SiGe-SOI弯曲光波导,并对其进行了测试分析,最终实验结果与理论分析一致,从而验证了该设计方法和理论分析的正确性。     

弯曲光波导模拟优化研究

用时域有限元差分（FDTD）方法弯曲光波导的优化仿真，减小弯曲光波导损耗。采用OPTIFDTD软件在曲率半径增大到一定的情况下，弯曲损耗在各种损耗中不占优势。在半径一定的条件下，适当选择波导的各个参数进行优化，可以使弯曲损耗达到最低，模拟了弯曲光波导中光的传播，得到了弯曲损耗的变化规律，波导参数不同，弯曲损耗不同，其中有一最佳参数点，由此得到弯曲光波导的参数优化设计值。     

用B样条函数对S形弯曲波导进行结构优化

S形弯曲波导是集成光器件中不可缺少的部分。在光开关阵列、星形耦合器以及阵列波导光栅等器件中。以及将多个元件集成到一个芯片上时，都需要很多的S形弯曲波导来实现波导的侧向位移和连接。其尺寸和损耗直接影响整个器件的损耗以及集成密度。弯曲波导插入损耗(不包括由于结构缺陷而产生的光的散射损耗)由两部分组成：纯弯曲损耗和过渡损耗。从弯曲损耗产生的机理人手，提出用B样条泛函逼近理论实现任意边界条件下S形的优化方法，得到纯弯曲损耗尽可能小，并消除与直波导相连处过渡损耗的S形波导。且与正弦、余弦和双圆弧曲线得到的S形进行对比，用光束传播法验证。结果表明优化曲线插入损耗明显小于双圆弧和余弦曲线。     

估算SOI单模脊形弯曲波导最小弯曲半径的简单方法

采用有效折射率方法计算了SOI弯曲波导由于辐射损耗引起模式截止的最小弯曲半径,得到了一个估算弯曲波导的最小弯曲半径的解析表达式.     

用于传感的聚合物微谐振环的研制

对一种用于传感的聚合物微谐振环进行了研制.器件为多模耦合器结构,作为微谐振环的输入/输出耦合结构.微谐振环采用跑道形结构.首先分析了器件的原理,给出了器件的优化设计参数.采用紫外光敏材料SU-8和CYTOP作为波导芯层和下包层材料,制作了上述结构的微谐振环器件,并进行了测试.扫描电镜的结果显示,所制备器件的整体形貌比较清晰,波导结构均匀光滑,侧壁陡直度较高.采用截断法测得单模直波导的传输损耗约为2.2 dBcm.对多模耦合器(MMI)结构和弯曲波导的测试表明,MMI结构在较宽的波长范围内实现了接近50:50的功分比,且损耗较低,而纯弯曲波导结构的通光性能良好.测量得到的器件谐振输出光谱表明,器件在主谐振峰处的插入损耗约为38dB,自由光谱区(FSR)约为1.87nm.过数据处理分析得到弯曲波导的传输损耗约为5.2 dB/cm.提出了进一步降低器件损耗、改善器件性能的措施.     

Si基集成光学陀螺中弯曲波导特性研究

给出了Si基集成光学陀螺的光路结构,理论计算了余弦型弯曲波导的弯曲半径和弯曲损耗。仿真分析了弯曲波导的宽度、长度与弯曲损耗的关系,进而设计了集成光学陀螺用"K"形耦合器,并通过R-soft软件进行了仿真分析。搭建了弯曲波导的实验测试装置,分别测试了弯曲波导的传输损耗与光模场,结果表明,波导单位损耗为0.014dB/cm,验证了理论计算结果的正确性。采用光束扫描法测试了弯曲波导的模场,实验结果与理想高斯拟合曲线吻合。     

估算SOI单模脊形弯曲波导最小弯曲半径的简单方法

采用有效折射率方法计算了 SOI弯曲波导由于辐射损耗引起模式截止的最小弯曲半径 ,得到了一个估算弯曲波导的最小弯曲半径的解析表达式     

Vectorial eigenmode solver for bent waveguides based on mode matching

Vectorial eigenmode solver for circularly bent dielectric waveguides is described. The approach is strictly analogous to the well-known film mode-matching method for straight waveguides. Accurate calculation of radiation loss is enabled by leaving the calculation window open in the radial direction. In order to increase numerical stability and accuracy, a new computer code was written for cylindrical functions of complex order and argument. A high-contrast bent rib guide is used for comparison of results with a commercial mode solver.     

Complex Propagation Constants of Bent Hollow Waveguides with Arbitrary Cross Section

An integral representation of the complex propagation constant has been derived from Maxwell's equations for cylindrical, hollow, bent, oversized waveguides with uniform curvature and with arbitrary cross sections. The method makes the calculations much simpler than the conventional method, i.e., the characteristic-equation method, although it has not yet been tried for three-dimensional bent waveguides.     

Investigation of 3D semivectorial finite-difference beampropagation method for bent waveguides

A three dimensions of semivectorial finite difference beam propagation method (FD-BPM) in cylindrical coordinates is investigated in order to analyze the optical wave propagation in the bent waveguides with the strong lateral confinement which will keep low radiation loss. The three dimensional (3D) semivectorial wave propagation equation is programmed in the quick and unconditionally stable procedure by using the alternating direction implicit method. This version of FD-BPM could well express the polarization characteristics of modal field near the dielectric interfaces and accurately simulate the wave propagation in bent waveguides even at a very small radius (<100 μm). Moreover, it is pointed out that the numerical precision of the algorithm is intensively affected by the propagation loss of bent waveguides along with the propagation step length of beam propagation method     

SOI波导弯曲损耗影响因素的分析

采用有效折射率方法EIM(effective index method)和二维束传播算法（2D-BPM）对SOI (silicon-on-insulator）波导弯曲损耗的几种影响因素进行了分析. 通过模拟发现弯曲损耗随弯曲半径的增大、波导宽度的增加及内外脊高比的减小而减小. 同时，改进波导结构，例如在弯曲波导外侧刻槽可以减小SOI脊形波导的弯曲损耗.     

Fabrication of sapphire rib waveguides using a femtosecond laser

We demonstrate a method for fabricating sapphire rib waveguides with femtosecond laser micromachining technology. Finite difference beam propagation method (FD-BPM) is applied to design sapphire rib waveguides. We explore the process of etching on a sapphire substrate surface via direct laser ablation. Rib waveguides that satisfies the dimensions of our design were fabricated. Actual light propagation performance is tested, and with the cut-back method, the insertion loss of 2.9±0.5 dB/cm is measured.     

An Extension of the Effective Index Method to Analyze Leakage Losses in Rib Type Waveguides

An extension of the effective index method is proposed as a tool to investigate leakage losses in two-dimensional waveguides. The above method, referred to as the Extended Effective Index Method (EEIM), utilizes the Transfer Matrix Technique (TMT) for the calculation of the complex propagation constants. The results show that the EEIM can be applied to conventional rib leaky waveguides as well as to rib ARROW leaky waveguides. The results for rib ARROW waveguides show excellent agreement when compared to those obtained with Finite Element Method.     

Study and Design of Spiral Bent Waveguide Configuration

A new version of the scalar transverse electric（TE） wave equation in the bent waveguide is introduced. Then. TE polarized field in curved single-mode waveguides is analyzed by using the finite- difference beam propagation method（FD-BPM）. The bending loss in bent waveguides is gotten for the optical fields obtained from BPM and comparisons are made among losses of the waveguides with various curvature radiuses, refractive index differences and cross sections. Based on the results, the design of spiral bent waveguide configuration is proposed as follows： refractive index difference being of 0. 007, both width and thickness of waveguides being of 6 μm, the curvature radius in the spiral centre being of 4 mm, and the bending loss coefficient of the designed spiral bent waveguide being of 0. 302 3 dB/cm.     

Optical loss measurements on GaAs/GaAlAs single-mode waveguideY-junctions and waveguide bends

The propagation losses in GaAs/GaAlAs double heterostructure single-mode waveguide symmetrical Y-junctions were measured as a function of the full angle α of the Y-junction. It was found that it was possible experimentally to identify whether the Y-junction waveguide was single mode. The bending loss in bent waveguides, due to the change in the axial direction of the waveguide, was measured as a function of the bending angle α/2. It was also experimentally confirmed that the bending loss was significantly reduced by increasing the lateral optical field confinement, i.e., by increasing the etch depth of the rib waveguide     

Analysis of Single and Coupled Rectangular Dielectric Waveguides

Single and coupled rectangular dielectric waveguides are analyzed by means of the mode-matching technique. Dispersion characteristics are given for dominant modes of the inverted stripline and rib waveguides. The propagation constant for E/sup y//sub 11/-mode of the inverted strip line is found to become less than the lowest limit for guidance above a certain frequency. Influence of frequency and dielectric constant of the rib on the normalized coupling length of two coupled rib waveguides is investigated.