BST-MEMS移相器开关

为了提高MEMS电容开关性能,介绍了移相器的一种新型结构——分布式电容周期性加载结构。分析发现移相器的相移度和单元可变电容的变化率有关。目前MEMS可变电容单元采用的介质基本上是氮化硅。BST薄膜作为一种性质优良的介电材料,其介电常数远大于氮化硅。从MEMS移相器开关性能的几个关键指标出发,探讨在MEMS移相器开关中,用BST薄膜代替氮化硅介质的可能性。     

一个DC-32GHz两位微机械移相器

采用分布式微机械传输线结构实现了两位移相器,并且为了减小传输线负载电容和驱动电压首次提出了用共面波导传输线来驱动微机械桥的结构(共面波导驱动结构).结果显示驱动电压小于20V,20GHz时两位移相器的相移为0°/20.1°/41.9°/68.2°,插入损耗为-1.2dB.在DC到32GHz的范围内相移具有良好的线性,插入损耗小于-1.8dB,反射损耗好于-11dB.实验结果表明了该结构在高介电常数衬底上制造低插损、宽带数字微机械射频移相器的潜力.     

基于缺陷地结构的新型共面波导低通滤波器

提出了一种结构较独特的共面波导低通滤波器。为了减小通带内波纹、提高高频阻带抑制,叉指电容周期性加载共面波导结构被调整为非周期性结构,同时在共面波导的接地面上蚀刻了长方形缺陷地结构。基于上述方案设计制作了低通滤波器原形器件。仿真和测试结果表明:该滤波器的带外抑制至少增加了15.00dB,带内波纹显著变小(<1.25dB),通带内最大传输损耗为1.10dB。     

一个DC-32GHz两位微机械移相器

采用分布式微机械传输线结构实现了两位移相器,并且为了减小传输线负载电容和驱动电压首次提出了用共面波导传输线来驱动微机械桥的结构(共面波导驱动结构).结果显示驱动电压小于20V,20GHz时两位移相器的相移为0°/20.1°/41.9°/68.2°,插入损耗为-1.2dB.在DC到32GHz的范围内相移具有良好的线性,插入损耗小于-1.8dB,反射损耗好于-11dB.实验结果表明了该结构在高介电常数衬底上制造低插损、宽带数字微机械射频移相器的潜力     

BST移相器的优化设计算法

近年来,人们在微波应用领域对BST移相器进行了很多研究。本文对BST铁电移相器电路进行了等效分析,就电路中重要部分-BST电容加载的方法进行研究,创新地提出了BST电容非周期性加载的设计思路。用M atlab编程实现并论证这种设计思路。使用这种优化方法设计出的非周期性加载移相器各项指标均优于周期性加载移相器,现已申请专利(专利号:200510028313.9)。     

BST铁电薄膜压控微波器件

作为一种典型的钙钛矿结构铁电体,BST具有极强的非线性介电性质,其介电常数随外加直流偏压变化,同时BST薄膜易于与微带共面波导等电路集成,能有效减小电路体积,因此可广泛应用于压控变容器、滤波器、移相器、振荡器等微波器件中。该类器件调谐速度极快,损耗低,工作频带宽,功率承载能力强,可调性好。介绍了BST薄膜的非线性介电性质与其在微波应用中的国外研究现状。     

Ka波段五位分布式MEMS传输线移相器设计

通过在共面波导上周期性地加载分布电容,外加驱动电压改变电容值,实现分布式MEMS移相器。首先给出了5位分布式MEMS移相器的总体结构图,分析了理论参数的设计方法。再采用HFSS建立单个微桥的三维电磁仿真模型,利用仿真得到的S参数拟合微桥的up态和down态电容值并与理论设计电容值对比,确定MEMS桥精确的结构参数。最后采用ADS建立分布式MEMS移相器整体的微波等效电路,仿真得出移相器的性能指标参数。仿真结果表明移相器在35GHz时移相精度小于0.6°,移相器的插入损耗小于0.3dB,回波损耗大于25dB。     

在共面波导上加载集总电容电感制备单负材料

为了探索实现单负材料的方法,研究了在共面波导上加载集总电容和电感元件制备单负材料。首先通过理论分析和微波实验,证实了在共面波导上周期性地加载集总电容和电感元件能够实现两种单负材料(电单负材料和磁单负材料)。然后,针对该制备方法,进一步研究了加载电容电感周期性的破坏及加载电感对称性的破坏对单负带隙的影响。结果表明:周期性的破坏对单负带隙基本没有影响;对称性被破坏后,如果电感分布在共面波导中心导带的两侧,仍然能够获得单负材料。     

Ka波段0/Π MEMS移相器

报道了一种Ka波段实时延MEMS移相器芯片。该移相器基于开关线式移相器设计原理,集成了4个MEMS三端口直接接触式毫米波开关单元,使用共面波导(CPW)传输线,利用阶梯阻抗的方式实现传输线拐角和CPW空气桥结构的传输线阻抗匹配。芯片采用RF MEMS表面牺牲层工艺制作在400μm厚的高阻硅衬底上,面积为1.4 mm×2.8 mm。测试显示,在34~36 GHz频率范围内,相移误差3.2°,插入损耗2 dB,反射损耗小于-15 dB。     

基于Ba_xSr_(1-x)TiO_3薄膜电容的L波段可调滤波器

在蓝宝石基片上使用Ba_xSr_(1-x)TiO_3(BST)铁电薄膜电容作为可调元件制作出一种五阶梳状线可调带通滤波器。通过对BST平行板电容的材料特性(介电常数、损耗和可调率)的提取,其中40 V偏压下的可调率为43.1%,将这些特性运用于可调滤波器的制作。初步的实验结果分析表明,在20V直流偏置电压作用下,滤波器的中心频率从1.19GHz变化到1.31GHz(可调率为10.1%),带内插入损耗为13.5~13.7dB,回波损耗低于12dB。     

An impedance matched phase shifter using BaSrTiO/sub 3/ thin film

We present a distributed phase shifter with an equal ripple return loss at its operation frequency range. The phase shifter is based on a periodic structure and consists of a coplanar waveguide (CPW) line periodically loaded with voltage-variable barium strontium titanate (BST) interdigitated capacitors. Measurements show that its return loss is better than -15dB at frequencies from direct current to 16GHz, and at 9.4GHz, its phase shift is 41/spl deg/ under 120-V applied bias voltage.     

五位分布式MEMS传输线移相器的优化设计

通过在共面波导传输线上周期性地加载分布电容,外加驱动电压改变电容值,实现分布式MEMS传输线移相器。从三个方面优化了五位分布式MEMS传输线移相器的设计:一是分别设计了11.25°和22.5°两种微桥,单元在Ka波段的插入损耗均大于-0.8 dB,回波损耗均小于-15 dB,相移精度小于0.4°,新的五位移相器以2种单元、19个微桥的结构替代了传统单一单元、31个微桥的结构,可减少微桥的总数;二是CPW传输线采用折叠布局,通过共用部分地线,移相器平面尺寸减小至1.81 mm×3.84 mm,相比传统五位分布式移相器,面积减小了56%,实现了器件的小型化;三是设计了一种新型的直流偏置结构,结构简单、工艺容易实现。     

X‐Band Phased Array Antenna Using Ferroelectric (Ba,Sr)TiO3 Coplanar Waveguide Phase Shifter

A phased array antenna was fabricated using four‐element ferroelectric phase shifters with a coplanar waveguide (CPW) transmission line structure based on a Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3(BST)/MgO structure. Epitaxial BST films were deposited on MgO (001) substrates by pulsed laser deposition. To attain the large differential phase shift and small losses for a ferroelectric CPW phase shifter, an impedance‐matching‐part adding technique between the effective transmission line and connecting cable was used. The return loss and insertion loss for this technique‐adapted BST CPW device were improved with respect to those for a normal BST CPW device. For an X‐band phased array antenna system consisting of ferroelectric BST CPW phase shifters, power divider, dc block, patch antenna, and programmed dc power, the steering beam could be tilted by 15° in either direction.     

2.4 GHz continuously variable ferroelectric phase shifters using all-pass networks

Continuously variable ferroelectric (BST on sapphire) phase shifters based on all-pass networks are presented. An all-pass network phase shifter consists of only lumped LC elements, and thus the total size of the phase shifter is kept to less than 2.2 mm /spl times/ 2.6 mm at 2.4 GHz. The tunability (C/sub max//C/sub min/) of a BST interdigital capacitor is over 2.9 with a bias voltage of 140 V. The phase shifter provides more than 121/spl deg/ phase shift with the maximum insertion loss of 1.8 dB and the worst case return loss of 12.5 dB from 2.4 GHz to 2.5 GHz. By cascading two identical phase shifters, more than 255/spl deg/ phase shift is obtained with the maximum insertion loss of 3.75 dB. The loss figure-of-merit of both the single- and double-section phase shifters is over 65/spl deg//dB from 2.4 GHz to 2.5 GHz.     

Tunable Coplanar Waveguide Phase Shifter Using Ba<Subscript>x</Subscript>Sr<Subscript>1−x</Subscript>TiO<Subscript>3</Subscript> Thin Films on LaAlO<Subscript>3</Subscript> Substrates

A kind of distributed coplanar waveguide (CPW) phase shifter based on LaAlO₃ substrates is designed and fabricated in this paper. The Ba_0.4Sr_0.6TiO₃ (BST) thin films employed in the circuits are deposited by RF magnetron sputtering, and then annealed at 800°C for 30 min in air. The dielectric tunability, loss tangent of the BST films are respectively 43.7% and 0.017 at 100 kHz and 30 V, the leakage current is approximately 1 × 10⁻⁹A/cm² at zero bias voltage. The CPW phase-shifter designed is subsequently fabricated in order to obtain a 360° phase shift at 30 GHz with a moderate bias voltage. The maximal phase shift is 372° at 22.5 GHz with a bias voltage of 40 V.     

Millimetre-wave wideband reflection-type CPW MMIC phase shifter

A reflection-type coplanar waveguide (CPW) phase shifter fabricated using a standard monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) process is presented. Air-gap overlay CPW couplers were employed for wideband 3 dB coupling and low loss at millimetre wave. The two-stage cascaded analogue phase shifter showed insertion losses of 6.9 ± 1.6 dB, return losses > 10 dB, and maximum rms phase error of +5.5° for the relative phase shift from -20° to 135°, over a wideband 27 to 47 GHz     

Ka波段开关线型MEMS移相器的设计与研究

面向现代通信及相控阵雷达领域的需求,设计了一种移相间隔为22.5°的Ka波段4位开关线型射频MEMS移相器。主要对实现移相功能的四个移相单元进行了设计,采用台阶补偿技术优化移相单元上下通路分工选通,以提供最佳的阻抗匹配;采用直角转角结构,设计了可提高CPW直角性能的延迟线,并对应用该延迟线的4位开关线型移相器进行了总体设计。用HFSS进行建模仿真,结果表明,在0~40 GHz工作频段内,16个状态的插入损耗均小于2.15 dB,回波损耗均大于19.18 dB,驻波比均小于1.25,在40 GHz频点处的相移误差在1.57°以内,整体尺寸为10 mm²。     

微波MEMS移相器的特性分析与实现

从移相器的基本原理出发,分别介绍了开关线型、耦合器型和加载线型三种采用微机械加工技术制备而成的微波MEMS移相器的结构特点和工作原理。在此基础上,设计制备了CPW分布式加载线型MEMS移相器,并进行测试和分析,结果表明MEMS移相器较传统的移相器有微型化、低损耗、低成本、宽带等突出优点。     

A 2-bit miniature X-band MEMS phase shifter

The design and performance of a compact low-loss X-band true-time-delay (TTD) MEMS phase shifter fabricated on 8-mil GaAs substrate is described. A semi-lumped approach using microstrip transmission lines and metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitors is employed for the delay lines in order to both reduce circuit size as well as avoid the high insertion loss found in typical miniaturized designs. The 2-bit phase shifter achieved an average insertion loss of -0.70 dB at 9.45 GHz, and an associated phase accuracy of /spl plusmn/1.3/spl deg/. It occupies an area of only 5 mm/sup 2/, which is 44% the area of the smallest known X-band MEMS phase shifter . The phase shifter operates over 6-14 GHz with a return loss of better than -14 dB.