影响NdFeB永磁合金磁性的微观结构分析

以N35TH烧结态NdFeB永磁合金为实验材料,进行时效态处理,系统分析了合金微观结构对磁性的影响。通过场发射扫描电镜观察了合金形貌,结果表明,影响NdFeB磁性的内在因素包括在主晶相Nd2Fe14B晶界处富稀土相的形态和分布、主晶相晶界的平直规整和Nd2Fe14B主晶相的数量增加,而且NdFeB永磁合金中具有001强织构和001取向的主晶相Nd2Fe14B晶粒明显增多,也是导致磁性改善的重要原因。     

铌对纳米晶Nd2Fe14B合金组织结构与磁性能的影响

采用熔体快淬及晶化退火工艺制备了单相Nd2Fe14B纳米晶合金。研究了添加Nb对Nd12.3Fe81.7-xNbxB6.0(x=0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0,2.5,3.0)系列合金的微观组织、磁性能和晶化行为的影响规律。结果表明:添加Nb可提高晶化温度并稳定非晶相;在退火晶化过程中,加入Nb后形成的析出相可以抑制晶粒长大,使晶粒细化且分布均匀,进而提高了材料的综合磁性能。通过对系列合金磁性能分析可知:Nd12.3Fe81.2Nb0.5B6.0合金在600℃退火处理10min后的磁性能最佳,磁能积(BH)m=141.13kJ.m-3,矫顽力Hci=867.95kA.m-1,剩磁Jr=1.02T。     

机械球磨法制备纳米晶复相Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe永磁粉末

通过将成分为Nd2Fe14B（原子比）的铸态合金与羰基铁粉的混合粉末进行搅拌式机械球磨，并对球磨后的合金粉末进行真空晶化处理，制备了纳米复相Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe永磁合金。通过X射线衍射（XRD）、差示扫描量热法（DSC）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）等分析方法研究了球磨时间及晶化处理温度对合金微观组织的影响。结果表明，随球磨时间的延长，Nd2Fe14相及α-Fe的晶粒尺寸迅速减小，球磨5h后粉末由Nd2Fe14B非晶相和晶粒尺寸约为10nm左右的α-Fe组成，在随后的晶化热处理过程中转变成Nd2Fe14B／α-Fe纳米复相组织。     

Rietveld法模拟测算稀土双相永磁合金中物相的含量

用Rietveld法模拟计算稀土双相永磁合金Nd2Fe14B／α-Fe的X射线衍射谱(XRD)，并根据多相体模型与无标定量相分析法确定各物相的含量。此外，通过结构精修也可以进一步提取诸如纳米晶尺寸等微结构信息。对一组快淬Nd2Fe14B合金经700℃和不同时间退火(晶化处理)的样品进行α-Fe含量的测定结果表明，实测结果与实际工艺相吻合。该法可以推广应用于其他稀土双相永磁合金如Pr2Fe14B／α-Fe(或Fe3B)的相含量测定与微结构分析。     

机械球磨法制备纳米复相Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe永磁材料的微观组织及磁性能

通过在氩气保护下对成分为Nd8Fe86B6（原子数比）铸态合金机械球磨，随后进行真空晶化处理，制备了纳米复相Nd2Fe14B／α—Fe永磁合金。通过X射线衍射（XRD）、差示扫描量热法（DSC）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）以及振动样品磁强计（VSM）等分析方法研究了不同球磨时间及晶化处理温度对Nd8Fe86B6合金组织及磁性能的影响。结果表明，随着球磨时间的延长，Nd2Fe14B相及α—Fe的晶粒尺寸迅速减小，球磨25h后粉末由一些晶粒尺寸约为10nm的Nd2Fe14B／α—Fe复相组织以及非晶相组成，非晶相通过随后的晶化处理可转变成Nd2Fe14B／α—Fe复相组织。球磨及晶化处理工艺参数对Nd8Fe86B6合金磁性能有很大的影响，通过优化球磨以及晶化处理工艺，可制备出较高性能的粘结磁体。球磨25h，在700℃下晶化处理30min，获得Nd8Fe86B6磁体最佳磁性能为：Br=0．63T；Hci=449kA／m；（BH）max=62kJ／m^3。     

NdFeB-CeFeB互扩散对其组织和磁性能的影响

近年来由于Ce元素的价格优势和特殊性能,Ce掺杂NdFeB永磁体受到越来越广泛的关注。通过900℃均匀化处理、真空扩散焊接和900℃扩散处理制备了NdFeB-CeFeB扩散偶,探究了NdFeB和CeFeB互扩散对各自微观结构和磁性能的影响。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能谱分析(EDS)结果发现,随着900℃保温处理时间增长,组织中的第二相和孔洞逐渐消失。互扩散后Ce原子不能置换Nd2Fe14B中的Nd原子,而是主要被富Nd相捕获。而Nd原子扩散后置换Ce2Fe14B中的Ce原子,形成了(Nd0.615Ce0.385)2Fe14B和(Nd0.165Ce0.835)2Fe14B两相,证明(Nd1-xCex)2Fe14B化合物存在溶解间隙。两相区(Ce,Nd)FeB样品中Ce平均原子数约占总稀土原子数的69%,饱和磁化强度μ0MS约为1.46T,各向异性场μ0HA约为7.37T,其磁性能未因高Ce含量而大幅下降主要归功于两相组织的"核壳"结构和Nd对Ce价态的影响。     

Nd-Fe-B系铸锭显微结构的研究

研究了不同Dy取代量的Nd31.0-xDyxNb1.0Al0.3Cu0.3B1.03Fe余(x=0,1.0,2.0)系合金铸锭在均匀化处理前后显微结构的变化。发现添加少量Dy有利于减少铸锭中α-Fe相的数量。适当的均匀化处理可以减少或消除α-Fe相,但晶界相大量聚集,T1相(Nd2Fe14B相)晶粒显著长大。     

Cr含量对NdFeB材料微波吸收特性的影响

采用高能球磨和在微氧化气氛晶化热处理的方法制备钕铁硼吸波粉体,借助X射线衍射仪和微波矢量网络分析仪测量系统分析,研究Cr含量对钕铁硼粉体组织结构和微波吸收特性的影响.结果发现:高能球磨和微氧化气氛下进行600℃×2 h晶化处理后Nd11.76 Fes2.35 B5.88粉体组织由α-Fe,Nd2O3,Fe23(B.C)6相组成,加入Cr不改变NdFeB粉体的相组成,但可使粉体中的Fe23 (B.C)6相对量减少,而α-Fe相对量增加;加入Cr可降低NdFeB粉体的复介电常数实部ε’和虚部ε"以及复磁导率实部μ’,尤其是Nd26.67Fe69.83 Cr2.5B粉体的复介电常数虚部ε"降低得最多,加入Cr使NdFeB粉体的复磁导率虚部μ"在4- 10 GHz频段时增大,而大于10 GHz频率后,复磁导率虚部μ"变化不大;吸波涂层厚度为1.5mm时,Nd11.76Fe82.35B5.85粉体的反射率最小值约为-8.5 dB,吸收峰频率约为10 GHz;Nd26.67 Fe69.83Cr2.5B反射率最小值降低到- 17.0 dB,吸收峰频率升高到15.5 GHz,当将Cr含量增加到4％时,粉体的反射率最小值回升到-10.8dB,吸收峰频率升高到15.8GHz;加入Cr会使NdFeB粉体的吸波带宽变窄.     

Nd11Fe71Co8V1.5Cr1B7.5合金结构与磁性能的研究

采用熔体快淬及晶化处理工艺制备Nd11Fe71Co8V1.5Cr1B7.5纳米晶合金. 运用XRD, DTA等方法研究了快淬工艺与热处理工艺对该合金纳米晶形成、晶化过程及磁性能的影响. 结果表明, 快淬速度和热处理温度都明显地影响Nd11Fe71Co8V1.5Cr1B7.5纳米晶的形成及其磁性能; 该合金在晶化过程中先后出现了3个放热峰, 分别对应软磁相α-Fe, 亚稳相和硬磁相Nd2Fe14B 3个晶化相. 快淬速度21 m*s-1制备快淬薄片经640 ℃/4 min晶化处理后, 制成的粘结磁体的最佳磁性能为 Br=0.64 T, JHc=903.5 kA·m-1, (BH)max=71 kJ·m-3.     

Nd_(11)Fe_(71)Co_8V_(1.5)Cr_1B_(7.5)合金结构与磁性能的研究

采用熔体快淬及晶化处理工艺制备Nd1 1 Fe71 Co8V1 .5Cr1 B7.5纳米晶合金。运用XRD ,DTA等方法研究了快淬工艺与热处理工艺对该合金纳米晶形成、晶化过程及磁性能的影响。结果表明 ,快淬速度和热处理温度都明显地影响Nd1 1 Fe71 Co8V1 .5Cr1 B7.5纳米晶的形成及其磁性能 ;该合金在晶化过程中先后出现了 3个放热峰 ,分别对应软磁相α Fe ,亚稳相和硬磁相Nd2 Fe1 4B 3个晶化相。快淬速度 2 1m·s- 1 制备快淬薄片经 64 0℃ 4min晶化处理后 ,制成的粘结磁体的最佳磁性能为 :Br=0 64T ,JHc=90 3 5kA·m- 1 ,(BH) max=71kJ·m- 3。     

Acceleration of Electricity Reform Brings Benefit to Big Electricity Users,Aluminum Manufacturers Can Save Costs Up to Several Hundred Million

<正>Recently the National Commission of Development and Reform again assembled experts to solicit opinions,and discussed new electricity reform program.According to information disclosed by experts attending the meeting,in the future electricity reform will undergo top-down design,possibly a     

Qinghai's Aluminum Processing Capacity to Rise at the End of the Year

正Since the release of Implementation Opinions on Carrying out‘Guiding Opinions of the State Council on Resolving Serious Production Overcapacity Conflicts’,according to the actual situation of industry,Qinghai has focused on electrolytic aluminum,cement,ironsteel(including iron alloy and silicon carbide),     

Recent Trends in China's Copper Scrap Market-Part Ⅱ

<正>2.Tianjin Scrap Metal Market In Tianjin,we mainly visited Jinghai Ziy Town scrap market and Binhai New Area’some copper scrap enterprises and enterprise using copper scrap.In Ziya we felt the coppe scrap market was particularly deserted,mos copper scrap enterprises in the town wer closed,industry insiders said in 2012 the plac here was bustling with activity.According to     

Shanghai Clearing House to Roll out Renminbi-denominated Copper Clearing Operations in Free Trade Zone

正Clearing House Financial Markets Co.,Ltd.(Shanghai Clearing House)General Manager Xie Zhong told the media recently at the briefing of the international symposium of"Reform Deepening and Mechanism Innovation of the Post-crisis Kerb Market",Shanghai Clearing House will explore the feasibility of carrying out bond business in     

Development and Application of New Materials for Copper Processing in China

正After over 60 years of developmnt,a system for RD and production of copper processing materials has already taken shape in China.After the reform and opening-up,the application of copper processing materials has gradually expanded from the military industry to civil field.The annual output of copper     

China’s Mineral Exploration Market Downturn Causes Decline of Investment in Bauxite

<正>According to a survey report conducted recently by China Geological Survey Development Research Center,in the first half of 2014,China’s mineral exploration market continued to decline,with the investment in exploration of non-fuel minerals dropping by13.7%and drilling workload dropping by21.7%.According to statistical analysis of the Center,     

Fabricated Copper Production by Province or City in 2014

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Zinc Production by Province in 2014

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China's Aluminum Alloy Cable Market has Taken Shape

正Aluminum alloy cable is a mature product and technology that has been used for nearly fifty years in the U.S.Through six years’promotion,it has been widely recognized and accepted in the China market since 2013,which laid the foundation for the development of the aluminum alloy cable market.Aluminum alloy cable is widely applied in the fields of civil construction and industrial and mining enterprises,especially in real estate,steel and metallurgy.     

Qinghai to Build a 100 Billion Yuan Lithium Industry Base

正At 2014 China Qinghai Trade Fair for Green Development Investment,Qinghai EV Rally2014 was introduced for the first time.With electrical vehicles’eco-friendly features,Qinghai manifested its determination on green development.Introducing Qinghai EV Rally was just a signal.By leveraging its rich salt lake resources