Risk assessment for a video surveillance system based on Fuzzy Cognitive Maps

For various IT systems security is considered a key quality factor. In particular, it might be crucial for video surveillance systems, as their goal is to provide continuous protection of critical infrastructure and other facilities. Risk assessment is an important activity in security management; it aims at identifying assets, threats and vulnerabilities, analysis of implemented countermeasures and their effectiveness in mitigating risks. This paper discusses an application of a new risk assessment method, in which risk calculation is based on Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCMs) to a complex automated video surveillance system. FCMs are used to capture dependencies between assets and FCM based reasoning is applied to aggregate risks assigned to lower-level assets (e.g. cameras, hardware, software modules, communications, people) to such high level assets as services, maintained data and processes. Lessons learned indicate, that the proposed method is an efficient and low-cost approach, giving instantaneous feedback and enabling reasoning on effectiveness of security system.     

基于Perlin噪声的高分辨率地形仿真方法

高分辨率地形数据是虚拟现实、军事可视化仿真等方面研究的重要素材,地形的精细、逼真程度,直接影响到仿真的效果.但分辨率很高的地形数据难以直接获取,一种典型的解决方法是采用特定算法在低分辨率数据的基础上生成仿真地形数据.Perlin噪声具有分形、频率振幅可控等特点,通过不同频率的三维Perlin噪声叠加,可以生成不同细节程度的地形数据.将Perlin噪声模型应用于从低分辨地形数据构造高分辨率地形数据,可以较好地模拟原始地形的地理特征,具有较高的保真度.文章基于Perlin噪声模型设计、实现高分辨率地形重构算法,并采用可视化仿真的方法对该方法和简单随机噪声方法进行检验,仿真结果表明该方法能够更好地满足要求.     

An analysis of sprain and strain injury data for the New Zealand meat processing industry from national and industry injury surveillance databases

Data on musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) in meat processing and the tasks in which they occur is limited in the literature. This paper provides a summary of such data from the New Zealand industry. Despite the high incidence of MSD in meat processing in New Zealand, little research has been undertaken to identify and assess high-risk tasks and develop interventions to address them. This paper reports on the initial stages of a 2-year government funded project to address these issues. Findings are presented from the analysis of data from two injury surveillance databases. Accident Compensation Corporation national data claims assisted in defining the industry and indicated factors for further assessment, including consideration of claimants' gender, ethnicity and geographical region. National Injury Database industry data claims helped to identify specific tasks in which MSD are more likely to occur by departments and for the two main animal species processed. These factors have helped shape the assessment of high-risk tasks currently undertaken in the meat processing industry.     

Locally constrained synthetic LoDs generation for natural terrain meshes

Terrain representation is a basic topic in the field of interactive graphics. The amount of data required for a good quality of the terrain offers an important challenge to developers of such systems. For users of these applications, the accuracy of geographical data is generally less important than its natural visual appearance. This makes it possible to maintain a limited geographical database for the system and to extend it generating synthetic data. The evaluation of the intrinsic properties of the terrain (i.e. fractal dimension, roughness, etc.) may be used as the basis for generating extra data accomplishing the same patterns discovered in the actual information. However, it is also interesting to point out that in most natural landscapes, it is usual to have human or natural changes in the basic properties of some areas, i.e. a road or a river. This fact can make it more difficult for synthetic data generation to be free of visual artifacts within these areas. In this paper, we combine fractal and wavelet theories to provide extra data which keeps the natural properties of actual information available. New levels of detail for the terrain are obtained by applying an inverse Wavelet Transform to a set of values randomly generated, thus maintaining the coherence of statistical properties with the original geographical data. Combined with this approach, the use of energy reduction masks has been added in order to avoid undesired visual artifacts in those special areas for which the general terrain properties are no longer valid.     

面向任务的量化风险评估方法

将管理层面的评估与技术层面的评估相结合,提出了一种基于任务模型的风险量化评估方法。与传统的风险评估量化方法相比,该模型以组织的任务目标为核心,避免主观偏见,排除与任务无关的资产、弱点、威胁的影响。提出的基于关键状态建立评估要素之间关联关系的方法,减小了无关联威胁及弱点对评估结果的误导,更贴近客观现实。     

地形最大信息熵方向分析在地形匹配中的应用

军事地理信息系统ＭＧＩＳ是地理信息系统的一个子集，它是以与军事目的相关的地理空间数据为特定研究对象的信息系统。军事地理信息系统比民用地理信息系统更强调地形分析的作用，因为地形与各种军事活动紧密相关。如：通过通视分析，步兵可决定部队的隐蔽区，炮兵可决定射吉的盲区等；通过对特定区域地开遥纹理分析，分数维分析，最大信息熵方向分析可作为巡航飞行器地形匹配时地形选择的准则。本文着重针对巡航飞行器地形匹配原理     

海洋基本地理特征可视化技术研究

针对海洋工程领域仿真可视化的需求，在OpenGL平台下，以电子海图为基础，对海洋基本地理特征的构建和可视化开展了针对性的研究工作，通过研究海底地形和地物数据的特点，采用了不同的建模方法和实时显示方法。并搭建了二、三维可视化联动的系统架构。最后通过相应的试验工作验证了相关方法的正确性。系统成本低廉、运行高速，可以真实地重建海洋地理特征，为获取和感知准确全面的海洋基本地理特征信息环境打下了基础，具有一定的理论意义和工程应用价值。     

利用小波进行多尺度地形生成方法的研究

针对随机中点位移法难以生成符合ｆＢｍ特征的三维地形之缺点，本文把地形看成层次性随机统计过程，提出了利用小波进行多尺度地形生成的新方法，首先利用扩展的随机－相关法按给定的地形参数（均值、地形高程标准差、地形相关长度、地形粗糙度等）形成一定数量用来表示地形骨架的地形特征点，然后与通过小波机制产生的多尺度地形局部细节信号相综合，通过小波多尺度合成获得符合要求的具有任意细节水平的“真实”的三维地形。试验证明这一方法切实可行，可作为随机中点位移法的改进     

面向二维GIS矢量数据三维可视化的地形匹配技术研究

提出一种二维GIS矢量数据三维可视化过程中地物与地形的快速匹配方法.结合矢量所代表地物的特性,对基于矢量信息的三维地物进行了分类,综合采用了地物匹配地形和地形匹配地物两种方法.地物匹配地形算法通过实时调整地物的位置和姿态实现与地形的匹配,地形匹配地物算法以不同的距离度量为基础,对矢量约束域内地形进行变形操作实现匹配.本算法还讨论了原始地形数据分辨率较低以及多个地形匹配影响域相交等特殊情况的处理方法.试验结果表明,本方法能满足基于点、线、面矢量信息的三维地物与地形的匹配需求,实现地物与地形无缝结合及平滑过渡,从而达到改善视觉效果的目的.     

地形生成技术与方法的研究

三维地形生成与仿真有助于更好地理解地形结构和提高地理数据分析的水平,但由于实际地形起伏千差 万别,非常不规则,因此按给定条件进行地形的生成与仿真是非常困难的.本文把地形看成随机统计过程,将分形 几何模型与随机点生成技术及实用回归技术相结合,提出了一套切实可行的地形生成技术与方法,在给定地形特 征或地形参数(如平均高程、最大高程及其位置、最小高程及其位置、高程标准差、相关长度等)条件,通过模拟符合 地形统计特征的随机过程,即可通过计算机自动产生符合要求的“真实”的三维地形。模拟与仿真的结果证明了本 方法的可     

An analysis of sprain and strain injury data for the New Zealand meat processing industry from national and industry injury surveillance databases

Data on musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) in meat processing and the tasks in which they occur is limited in the literature. This paper provides a summary of such data from the New Zealand industry. Despite the high incidence of MSD in meat processing in New Zealand, little research has been undertaken to identify and assess high-risk tasks and develop interventions to address them. This paper reports on the initial stages of a 2-year government funded project to address these issues. Findings are presented from the analysis of data from two injury surveillance databases. Accident Compensation Corporation national data claims assisted in defining the industry and indicated factors for further assessment, including consideration of claimants' gender, ethnicity and geographical region. National Injury Database industry data claims helped to identify specific tasks in which MSD are more likely to occur by departments and for the two main animal species processed. These factors have helped shape the assessment of high-risk tasks currently undertaken in the meat processing industry.     

矢栅一体化的三维地形可视化研究

三维地形可视化是三维GIS中的一个重要功能。由于传统的地形可视化仅仅考虑了三维地形的真实显示,因此忽略了GIS中对空间数据的分析功能,文章探讨了适合在三维地形上矢量栅格数据一体化显示的方法,使用空间插值的方法在栅格纹理上叠加矢量图形。矢量数据的加入为在三维地形上进行空间分析提供了可能性。笔者将该方法应用于荆江地区的三维地形显示,取得了较好的效果。     

基于多层B样条的海底地形生成方法

海底地形是海洋环境的主要组成部分,也是航海技术领域的发展新方向。通过对当前海底地形数据来源的分析,该文提出了一种利用电子海图水深数据模拟三维海底地形的方法。该方法以处理大规模散乱数据的多层B-spline插值算法作为基础．利用较少的水深数据生成规则格网的数学模型,进而构建真实的海底地形环境。最后进行了仿真工作,仿真结果证明该算法是可行的。本文提出的思路对海底地形的模拟具有重要的参考价值。     

虚拟坦克装甲车运动仿真中的地形匹配算法研究

本文针对不规则三角形TIN地形数据,提出了一种新的虚拟坦克装甲车运动仿真的地形匹配算法,该算法是根据坦克装甲车与地面接触的特点,用四点来匹配车与地面的接触。此算法可以很好地解决坦克装甲车的运动仿真中的地形匹配,且满足实时性要求。     

一种基于四叉树的TIN的LOD算法

通过在不规则采样点集上构建一个四叉树结构，并联合基于四叉树的LOD算法和基于TIN的三角网简化算法，提出并实现了一种TIN的LOD算法。意在把适用于格网数据的高效方法应用于不规则采样点集，得到地形的一个高效的多分辨率表达。     

天空开阔度的精确计算研究

天空开阔度是遥感图像的地形辐射改正、山区太阳辐射计算等方面研究的重要参数。提出了考虑周边地形遮蔽影响的天空开阔度积分计算公式,并给出了离散化实现方法。以太白山地区为例,进行天空开阔度的精确计算,研究发现考虑周边地形遮蔽影响的天空开阔度计算方法比传统计算方法更加科学精确。      

雷达对低空目标探测的地形遮蔽算法研究

地形遮蔽是影响雷达探测发现目标能力的关键因素.有效算法是实施模拟仿真的基础.在借鉴离散判断法思想的基础上,针对某实际问题,建立了雷达对低空目标探测的地形遮蔽模型算法.本算法实用性好、精度高,可用于作战推演的实时仿真.     

大规模三维地形场景实时漫游系统的构建

该文阐述了构建大规模三维地形模型的关键技术,包括地形分块技术、多分辨率模型管理技术、多级纹理贴图技术,给出了实时渲染时的动态调度与管理方法,并对在三维地形中显示文化特征做出一些探索和尝试。最后利用上述提出的技术,做了一些关于某一大规模三维地形实时漫游方面的实验,文中详细列出了这些实验结果。实验结果表明,采用该文提出的方法,可以在普通PC机上实现大规模三维地形场景的实时漫游。     

分布式星载SAR-GMTI系统仿真

仿真是进行分布式星载SAR地面动目标检测(GMTI)研究的重要方式。对分布式星载SAR-GMTI的系统仿真进行了全面讨论,内容包括地杂波建模\,动目标建模\,回波仿真方法、信号处理流程和方法,搭建了一个完整的仿真系统,用实验结果验证了该系统的可靠性。     

基于OpenGL的地形仿真方法研究

地形高程数据一般用二维深度图(range image)表示,如果直接显示为灰度图形式不直观,可视性差。本文针对OpenGL三维图形库提出了一种二维数字地形图转换为三维地形数据并建立相应数字高程模型的算法,实现了基于OpenGL的地形高程数据三维显示,并对晴雾天候下的地形视觉模型进行了仿真。