基于状态观测器的非仿射非线性系统鲁棒自适应H∞跟踪控制

针对一类非仿射非线性系统，提出了基于状态观测器的鲁棒自适应H∞跟踪控制结构．文中利用高斯径向基神经网络（RBF神经网络）在线抵消非线性模型误差，利用高增益观测器估计不能直接测量的输出导数．利用李亚普若夫稳定理论导出了系统的控制律，包括固定结构的控制律和自适应控制律两个部分，并给出了详细的理论分析和证明：在系统没有扰动时，确保跟踪误差渐近趋于零且系统的所有信号有界；存在扰动时，取得了预期的H∞跟踪性能．     

通信延时环境下基于观测器的智能网联车辆队列分层协同纵向控制

考虑通信延时影响的车辆队列控制问题,提出一种基于观测器的分布式车辆队列纵向控制器.首先,基于分层控制策略分别设计上下层控制器,通过上层控制器优化期望加速度、下层控制器克服车辆模型非线性实现期望加速度和实际加速度的一致.上层控制器设计过程中,基于三阶线性化车辆模型,考虑观测器、车辆动态耦合特性和通信延时,提出一种通信延时环境下基于观测器的车辆队列控制器,利用观测器估计领导车辆加速度信息从而减轻通信负担.然后,利用Lyapunov-Krasovskii方法分析车辆队列的稳定性,并得出通信延时上界,同时利用传递函数方法分析了串稳定性.最后,通过数值仿真验证上层控制器的有效性和稳定性.在此基础上,利用PreScan软件中高保真车辆动态模型,验证了该分层控制策略的有效性.     

时延网络控制系统的补偿算法和最优控制律设计

对具有随机时延和系统噪声的一类网络控制系统进行了研究和分析。针对系统存在的随机时延,分别设计出在全状态反馈方式和输出反馈方式下的状态观测器,通过状态观测器的算法补偿来实现对时延的补偿,从而获得更准确的预测估计。与此同时,基于LQG性能指标,给出了随机时延系统的最优控制律,减弱了网络时延和系统噪声对控制系统稳定性的影响,从而保证了系统的稳定性。最后,通过了实例仿真,证实了提出状态观测器进行时延补偿算法和最优控制律设计的有效性。     

基于面向机动目标的协同攻击制导律

针对机动目标协同攻击问题，要求制导系统具备对目标的跟踪能力，基于固定时间收敛控制理论设计机动目标制导律，在此基础上，改进目标跟踪模型，将扩张状态观测器与扩张卡尔曼滤波结合，并且采用传感器一致性融合算法，实现了目标跟踪能够适应多变化有噪声的场景，估计精度和速度均显著提升。进一步介绍针对机动目标提出的制导律和固定时间收敛扩张状态观测器。最后利用仿真实验验证了所设计协同制导律的有效性。     

基于分数阶滑模观测器的永磁同步电机无传感器矢量控制

为解决基于传统滑模观测器的永磁同步电机转速和位置估计精度不高以及抖振过大等问题,设计了一种分数阶滑模观测器。首先根据分数阶理论提出一种分数阶滑模趋近律,并证明其稳定性;然后将永磁同步电机的定子实际电流与估计电流的差值作为滑模面,利用分数阶滑模趋近律设计滑模观测器的控制律,获取反电动势后采用锁相环提取转速和位置;最后建立了永磁同步电机无传感器矢量控制的仿真模型。仿真结果显示新型分数阶滑模观测器不仅静态性能好,而且与基于指数趋近律设计的滑模观测器相比,具有动态跟踪速度快、观测精度高、抖振小等优点。     

具有时变时滞的离散切换系统基于观测器的H∞控制

利用多Lyapunov函数方法，研究一类具有时变时滞的线性离散切换系统基于观测器的H∞控制问题．通过设计对角分块形式的多Lyapunov函数矩阵．使切换律只依赖于观测状态．在基于观测器的切换反馈控制策略下,给出了系统实现H∞控制的充分条件，且条件可以表示为与时滞界相关的线性矩阵不等式（LMI）的形式．同时还给出了切换律、观测器和控制器的设计方案．最后用一个仿真例子表明了结论的有效性．     

具有输入和状态延时网络系统的鲁棒拥塞控制

研究基于状态空间的主动队列管理算法,以状态变量的形式描述具有状态延时和输入延时的TCP／AQM模型,设计基于观测器的状态反馈控制器,观测器在线测量控制器的输出。应用线性矩阵不等式和Lyapunov—Krasovskii定理,给出AQM控制器的控制率和不依赖于延时的稳定条件。NS2仿真表明该控制算法在延时变化和突发业务流情况下,能够快速收敛于期望队列长度,动静态性能优于已有的P1控制算法。     

基于模糊观测器T-S模型和自适应模糊逻辑系统的一类非线性系统的H∞控制

针对一类非线性系统，把模糊T-S模型和自适应模糊逻辑系统两类模糊逻辑方式结合起来，提出了一种基于观测器的控制方案．首先，应用模糊T-S模型对非线性系统建模，设计观测器来观测系统状态；由线性矩阵不等式得到模糊模型的控制律．其次，应用自适应模糊逻辑系统作为补偿器来补偿建模误差．证明了闭环系统满足期望的性能．仿真结果表明了该方案的可行性．     

基于变速趋近律的离散滑模末制导律设计

针对离散化的末制导模型,基于一种新型离散变速趋近律设计了离散滑模制导律。利用该新型离散变速趋近律的特性消除了视线角速率的稳态振荡,使其渐进地趋于原点,并显著降低了系统抖振。将目标机动视为未知不确定性,采用干扰观测器方法对其进行在线估计和补偿,无需知道不确定性的界,只需知道其变化率有界,且无需满足匹配条件。仿真结果表明,所设计的基于新型离散变速趋近律的滑模制导律对目标机动具有鲁棒性,且无稳态振荡和系统抖振。     

带有海浪滤波器的船舶航向反步自适应输出反馈控制

针对复杂海况下船舶航向控制中的模型非线性、参数不确定和海浪扰动问题,提出了一种基于反步法的非线性自适应输出反馈控制算法.首先基于无源理论设计了一种状态观测器以实现海浪滤波和状态估计,这种观测器无需海浪扰动的方差信息从而减少了观测器参数数量.然后假定系统模型参数未知,基于反步法给出了非线性控制律和参数自适应律.利用Lyapunov理论证明了这种自适应输出反馈控制系统的稳定性.仿真结果表明本文所提控制器具有较好的控制性能,对不确定性模型参数具有良好的自适应性.     

Quantized H∞ Control for Networked Systems with Communication Constraints

The problem of quantized H_∞ control for networked control systems (NCSs) subject to time‐varying delay and multiple packet dropouts is investigated in this paper. Both the control input and the measurement output signals are quantized before being transmitted and the quantized errors are described as sector bound uncertainties. The measurement channel and the control channel packet dropouts are considered simultaneously, and the stochastic variables satisfying Bernoulli random binary distribution are utilized to model the random multiple packet dropouts. Sufficient conditions for the existence of an observer‐based controller are established to ensure the exponential mean‐square stablility of the closed‐loop system and achieve the optimal H_∞ disturbance attenuation level. By using a globally convergent algorithm involving convex optimization, the nonconvex feasibility can be solved successfully. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed method.     

基于延迟观测器的采煤机自动调高策略研究

针对采煤机调高系统中信号存在的输出延迟问题,对系统控制精度造成的影响,提出基于输出延迟观测器的滑模控制策略.通过分析采煤机自动调高系统的工作原理,建立采煤机滚筒高度和调高油缸数学模型,得到了采煤机滚筒高度和系统空间状态方程,设计了输出延迟观测器,分析了不同延迟时间内的观测误差,采用滑模控制器实现了采煤机滚筒高度的自动调节.仿真结果表明,将延迟观测器与滑模控制相结合,不仅解决了信号输出存在的延迟问题,而且相对于无延迟观测器的控制系统,跟踪误差小、控制效果理想.     

Position Measurement Based Slave Torque Feedback Control for Teleoperation Systems With Time-Varying Communication Delays

Bilateral teleoperation system is referred to as a promising technology to extend human actions and intelligence to manipulating objects remotely. For the tracking control of teleoperation systems, velocity measurements are necessary to provide feedback information. However, due to hardware technology and cost constraints, the velocity measurements are not always available. In addition, the time-varying communication delay makes it challenging to achieve tracking task. This paper provides a solution to the issue of real-time tracking for teleoperation systems, subjected to unavailable velocity signals and time-varying communication delays. In order to estimate the velocity information, immersion and invariance (I&I) technique is employed to develop an exponential stability velocity observer. For the proposed velocity observer, a linear relationship between position and observation state is constructed, through which the need of solving partial differential and certain integral equations can be avoided. Meanwhile, the mean value theorem is exploited to separate the observation error terms, and hence, all functions in our observer can be analytically expressed. With the estimated velocity information, a slave-torque feedback control law is presented. A novel Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional is constructed to establish asymptotic tracking conditions. In particular, the relationship between the controller design parameters and the allowable maximum delay values is provided. Finally, simulation and experimental results reveal that the proposed velocity observer and controller can guarantee that the observation errors and tracking error converge to zero.      

基于延时预测的模型状态反馈网络控制方法

网络延时的存在不仅会使控制系统的动、静态性能变差,还可能会破坏系统的稳定性,造成既有控制方法的失效。针对带有随机延时的网络控制系统,提出了一种基于网络延时实时预测和系统状态逼近的控制方法。首先,建立无延时的理想控制系统模型作为标准控制系统模型;其次,应用基于隐马尔可夫模型(HMMs)的延时预测算法预测网络延时,该方法能够实时自适应学习,以适应网络负载情况的变化,得到更符合实际情况的延时预测值;最后,根据网络延时的预测值、实际网络控制系统与标准控制系统模型的状态之差,来调整控制信号,从而使实际网络控制系统的状态与标准控制系统模型接近、甚至相等,达到期望的控制效果。数字仿真结果表明,这一方法是可行的,能够获得更加快速的动态性能和稳定的静态性能。     

Aero‐Engine DCS Fault‐Tolerant Control with Markov Time Delay Based On Augmented Adaptive Sliding Mode Observer

With a focus on aero‐engine distributed control systems (DCSs) with Markov time delay, unknown input disturbance, and sensor and actuator simultaneous faults, a combined fault tolerant algorithm based on the adaptive sliding mode observer is studied. First, an uncertain augmented model of distributed control system is established under the condition of simultaneous sensor and actuator faults, which also considers the influence of the output disturbances. Second, an augmented adaptive sliding mode observer is designed and the linear matrix inequality (LMI) form stability condition of the combined closed‐loop system is deduced. Third, a robust sliding mode fault tolerant controller is designed based on fault estimation of the sliding mode observer, where the theory of predictive control is adopted to suppress the influence of random time delay on system stability. Simulation results indicate that the proposed sliding mode fault tolerant controller can be very effective despite the existence of faults and output disturbances, and is suitable for the simultaneous sensor and actuator faults condition.     

基于无记忆降阶观测器的网络化控制系统故障检测方法

网络化控制系统(Networked Control System,简称NCS)研究的是如何通过网络实现闭 环控制,是涉及控制科学和计算机网络等多个学科知识的跨学科研究领域.本文将网络化控制系 统视为带有时延的采样控制系统,构造了一个无记忆的降阶状态观测器,通过比较观测器输出和 系统实际输出来产生残差,从而对网络化系统的控制故障进行了检测.仿真结果表明此方法是可 行的.     

网络化控制系统的时延观测器设计及其状态反馈控制

研究了一种网络化控制系统,其输出时延和控制时延均大于采样周期,且控制时延服从已知随机分布.基于现今值观测器原理,采用设置缓冲区和带有时戳的传感数据传输方法,给出了一种具有时延补偿功能的时延观测器,并证明了在系统可观的条件下可实现观测器极点的任意配置.之后,基于该观测器设计了状态反馈控制系统,并证明了复合系统的分离性原理.通过仿真验证了所提方法的有效性.     

Asynchronously compensated synchronization algorithm for multiple harmonic oscillators with communication delay

Synchronization problem is investigated for multiple harmonic oscillators with identical communication delay in this paper. We propose a new distributed control algorithm in asynchronously compensated form and a corresponding reduced‐order observer‐based distributed control algorithm. By using frequency‐domain analysis, delay‐dependent and delay‐independent convergence conditions are obtained for our proposed algorithms under leader‐following and leaderless coordination control structures, respectively, and the results can be directly extended to the observer‐based algorithm based on the separation principle. Numerical examples illustrate the validity of the theoretical findings. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Output stabilization of time-varying input delay systems using interval observation technique

The output stabilization problem for a linear system with an unknown bounded time-varying input delay is considered. The interval observation technique is applied in order to obtain guaranteed interval estimate of the system state. The procedure of the interval observer synthesis uses lower and upper estimates of the unknown delay and requires to solve a special Silvester’s equation. The interval predictor is introduced in order to design a linear stabilizing feedback. The control design procedure is based on Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMI). The theoretical results are supported by numerical simulations and compared with a control design scheme based on a Luenberger-like observer.