保证TCP友好流公平性的拥塞控制算法

针对非TCP友好流不遵守拥塞控制协议、易抢占TCP友好流带宽的不公平性,提出一种保证TCP友好流公平性的拥塞控制算法,设计保证TCP友好流传输公平性的AQM控制器。分析非TCP友好流的传输特点,估计出其传输流量的最大值。在设计控制器时将非TCP友好流考虑成等价干扰,并在线估计其传输带宽从而限定其最大带宽。设计控制律时利用不确定项的等价干扰方法,以抵消网络不确定性的影响,具有较好的鲁棒性。仿真结果表明,该算法能有效地保证TCP友好流传输带宽的公平性。     

高速网络主动队列管理算法

在高速网络中,HRED算法使高速TCP流、普通TCP流和UDP流实现公平共享带宽。HRED利用RED队列的包丢失历史来识别高带宽流,通过对高带宽流进行惩罚,使低带宽流获取更多的带宽。HRED具有良好的扩展性,不需要保持每一流的状态信息。基于NS2的模拟实验证实,HRED可以在高速网络中实现更好的RTT公平性,有效地解决了适应流和非适应流共享带宽的问题。     

一种基于H-TCP的拥塞控制改进算法

针对H-TCP存在的RTT公平性和TCP友好性不好的缺点,提出了一种基于H-TCP的拥塞控制改进算法RH-TCP。NS-2模拟实验结果表明,RH-TCP明显提高了RTT公平性和TCP友好性,并且保留了良好的带宽利用率、稳定性、收敛性和公平性,在6个新TCP协议中RH-TCP的总体性能最好。     

改进的CHOKe公平性主动队列管理算法

针对主动队列管理算法中的CHOKe算法对非响应流的惩罚力度不够、精确度不高的问题,提出一种新的惩罚非响应流算法——LRU-CHOKe。该算法以最近最少使用(LRU)击中取代CHOKe击中,提高CHOKe击中的有效性;利用路由器队列击中,自适应丢包,并结合新的丢包策略来加强对非响应流的惩罚,从而提高网络带宽公平性。仿真结果表明,LRU-CHOKe相比CHOKe和HCHOKe算法能更加有效地惩罚非响应流,实现更为公平的带宽分配。     

TCP-like IVS流量控制算法TCP友好性的模拟评价和分析

TCP－like IVS流量控制算法是对IVS流量控制算法的改进，提高了数据流稳定性和减小数据流抖动。文章研究TCP－like IVS流与TCP流争带宽资源中的TCP友好性问题。通过理论分析和模拟实验指出TCP－like IVS流TCP友好性差的原因，提出未来改进的方向，为深入研究因特网上视频会议系统的QoS保证打下基础。     

全局主动带宽调整算法

近年来，UDP等非响应流抢占TCP等响应流的现象越来越严重。提出全局主动带宽调整算法（GABA），通过网络中核心路由器与边缘路由器之间的协作，在核心路由器获取非响应流的信息，在边缘路由器阻止非响应流的大量进入。通过NS2仿真表明，GABA可以有效提高网络利用率和带宽分配的公平性。     

一种基于Bloom filter的加强队列公平性改进算法*

随着Internet基于非TCP的应用不断涌现,基于异质流网络拥塞控制公平性研究越来越重要。针对流与流之间传输的公平性问题,基于BLUE算法,结合Bloom filter,提出了一种改进的AQM算法EFBLUE。通过仿真实验对新算法从分组丢失率、吞吐量、延时等方面的性能进行了测试并与RED算法进行了性能对比。NS2仿真实验结果表明,该算法只需使用极少量的状态位和很小的缓存空间就能较好地鉴别出非响应流,并限制其速率,保护TCP流免受非响应流影响,实现了流量传输的公平性。最后对EFBLUE的性能优化问题作了进一步的分析。     

一种新的TCP/AQM模型的高带宽拥塞控制算法

TCPs/AQMs算法在多种环境下的组合研究已十分广泛,但主要采用TCP Reno与各种AQMs算法在低带宽下的组合。利用显示反馈的思想,提出一种以H-TCP/BLUE为基础模型的高带宽拥塞控制算法,称为H-TCP*/BLUE*。仿真结果表明,新的组合算法比基础算法提高了带宽利用率、RTT公平性和友好性。     

一种基于抽样统计改进的CHOKe算法

对流行的几种CHOKe算法进行了分析,深入研究了CHOKe算法存在的对高速非适应流的处罚力度不够,不能够很好地实现带宽的公平性的问题。利用到达分组的统计特性,提出一种改进的CHOKe算法,仿真结果表明,在不保持流的状态信息下,该机制对非适应流具有更好的识别和控制能力,与其他CHOKe算法相比,能进一步加强对非适应流的惩罚,实现更为公平的带宽分配。     

基于速率预测的三色标记算法

提出了一种适用于比例区分服务的数据包标记算法——基于速率预测的三色标记算法(Rate Prediction Marker, RPM)。RPM算法基于在线流量预测算法,对DiffServ网络中经过分类器划分的网络流或者进入标记器的网络流进行提前1期流量预测,根据预测结果以及历史流量的均值进行加权后的结果对数据包进行标记。当源端可能进入TCP的拥塞恢复阶段时,按比例将网络中的可用带宽分配给服务聚集流,从而提高网络带宽的利用率。仿真和实验结果表明,RPM算法与现有的算法相比在目标速率影响和带宽吞吐量上具有更好的性能,从而获得了很好的公平性和带宽利用率。     

CSFQ算法分析与改进

核心无状态公平队列调度（CSVQ）算法提供了如同有状态网那样好的公平带宽分配，但它的丢包算法不适用于TCP流。针对TCP流的特点，对CSFQ算法进行如下改进：将缓存队列长度与丢包概率关联起来，用一种类似于RED（random early drop）缓存管理方法解决了缓存频繁溢出导致的一些问题；对TCP流的丢包率进行修正，使用多余带宽来转发TCP包，解决TCP流与UDP流的带宽分配公平性。仿真试验表明，新算法NEW-CSFQ更好地提供数据流公平的频宽共享，对突发流响应较原算法有所提高，且算法复杂度简单，容易在高速核心路由器上实现。     

高吞吐量的核心无状态公平队列算法

提出了一种优化的核心无状态公平队列凋度算法(xCSFQ),在CSFQ的基础上,根据缓冲区占用率和数据流到达速率决定丢包概率,缓存管理上采用基于CHOKC原理的机制进行缓存管理,解决了CSFQ链路利用率低的问题,提高了带宽在UDP流和TCP流之间分配的公平性,最后对算法进行了仿真分析。     

Resource-aware and quality-fair video-streaming using multiple adaptive TCP connections

In this paper, we present a resource-aware and quality-fair video content sharing system. When a video sharing server has insufficient uplink bandwidth and needs to serve multiple video content sharing services via streaming or downloading to other client peers using TCP transport, each service shares the limited uplink bandwidth equitably, due to the fair sharing characteristics inherent in TCP. However this bandwidth fair sharing cannot always guarantee quality fairness among the services, due to the specific requirements for video-streaming services, such as the playout rate and the size of the playout buffer. In our system, the server uses multiple TCP connections adaptively, depending on the anticipated status of each client playout buffer, to guarantee the bandwidth of each video-streaming session. By guaranteeing the quality of each video-streaming session, without the quality loss of other service sessions, the proposed system can successfully achieve service quality fairness. Simulation results show that our proposed algorithm can dramatically enhance the quality of each streaming session and thus provide service quality fairness among simultaneous multiple heterogeneous video-streaming services and content download services.     

基于测量的TCP拥塞控制的公平性研究

通过分析传统TCP算法的局限性，讨论TCP Vegas、TCPW两种基于源端实时带宽测量拥塞控制算法的原理以及带宽分配的公平性，结合主动队列管理技术，提出一种基于加权缓存区容量分配RED算法．理论分析和仿真实验表明该算法提高了带宽分配的公平性．保持了网络的高吞吐量，并实现服务QoS保证.     

一种区分服务网络边缘路由器动态阈值的公平性标记算法

针对区分服务分组标记算法没有考虑到流特性,从而导致不同的流在带宽竞争中出现公平性较差的问题,提出了应用在网络边缘路由器上的一种基于动态阈值的三色标记算法DTTCM。该算法通过调整流速阈值minth和maxth,按照一定的策略对数据包进行标记,从而保证数据流在带宽不足时能公平地享受带宽。理论分析和仿真结果表明,DTTCM在UDP流与TCP流的带宽分配上,以及目标速率对于聚流间剩余带宽分配的影响上,均有着较好的公平性。     

一种改进的TCP拥塞控制算法

目前,TCP拥塞控制算法作为一种可靠的数据传输被广泛应用在因特网中．在保证网络数据传输可靠性的基础上,数据流之间的公平性是算法设计的重要的性能指标之一．在单瓶颈网络环境下对TCP数据流之间的研究算法已经被提出,但对多瓶颈网络环境下TCP数据流之间的公平性研究至今不多见．因此,根据网络层的显示拥塞指示Marking Relay ECN（explicit congestion notification,ECN）技术,研究了在多瓶颈网络环境下TCP数据流的公平性,提出了一种改进的TCP拥塞控制算法,并使该算法在IP网络中得以实现．仿真结果证明,此算法在多瓶颈网络环境下能使TCP流达到较好的数据流之间的公平性;而且所提出的算法与传统的TCP算法相比,有更高的吞吐量和更快的响应．总之,所提算法性能表现良好．     

基于AIMD算法的分层多播拥塞控制

提出了一种基于AIMD算法的分层多播拥塞控制算法．算法借助AIMD算法具有的良好TCP兼容性和稳定性，采用慢增慢减的速率调节原则来防止TCP中速率减半策略所带来的速率振荡．为避免反馈处理带来的复杂性和可扩缩性问题，提出了无须反馈的收方至发方间往返时延估计方法．算法采用类似TCP的慢启动算法来提高链路的利用率和收敛速度．通过仿真评估得出，算法对TCP流、不同多播流均表现出理想的公平性，并有很高的带宽利用率和良好的稳定性．     

Adaptive load balancing algorithm for multiple homing mobile nodes

In places where mobile users can access multiple wireless networks simultaneously, a multipath scheduling algorithm can benefit the performance of wireless networks and improve the experience of mobile users. However, existing literature shows that it may not be the case, especially for TCP flows. According to early investigations, there are mainly two reasons that result in bad performance of TCP flows in wireless networks. One is the occurrence of out-of-order packets due to different delays in multiple paths. The other is the packet loss which is resulted from the limited bandwidth of wireless networks. To better exploit multipath scheduling for TCP flows, this paper presents a new scheduling algorithm named Adaptive Load Balancing Algorithm (ALBAM) to split traffic across multiple wireless links within the ISP infrastructure. Targeting at solving the two adverse impacts on TCP flows, ALBAM develops two techniques. Firstly, ALBAM takes advantage of the bursty nature of TCP flows and performs scheduling at the flowlet granularity where the packet interval is large enough to compensate for the different path delays. Secondly, ALBAM develops a Packet Number Estimation Algorithm (PNEA) to predict the buffer usage in each path. With PNEA, ALBAM can prevent buffer overflow and schedule the TCP flow to a less congested path before it suffers packet loss. Simulations show that ALBAM can provide better performance to TCP connections than its other counterparts.     

A Lightweight Fairness-Driven AQM for Regulating Bandwidth Utilization in Best-Effort Routers

The end-to-end congestion control mechanism of transmission control protocol (TCP) is critical to the robustness and fairness of the best-effort Internet. Since it is no longer practical to rely on end-systems to cooperatively deploy congestion control mechanisms, the network itself must now participate in regulating its own resource utilization. To that end, fairness-driven active queue management (AQM) is promising in sharing the scarce bandwidth among competing flows in a fair manner. However, most of the existing fairness-driven AQM schemes cannot provide efficient and fair bandwidth allocation while being scalable. This paper presents a novel fairness-driven AQM scheme, called CHORD (CHOKe with recent drop history) that seeks to maximize fair bandwidth sharing among aggregate flows while retaining the scalability in terms of the minimum possible state space and per-packet processing costs. Fairness is enforced by identifying and restricting high-bandwidth unresponsive flows at the time of congestion with a lightweight control function. The identification mechanism consists of a fixed-size cache to capture the history of recent drops with a state space equal to the size of the cache. The restriction mechanism is stateless with two matching trial phases and an adaptive drawing factor to take a strong punitive measure against the identified high-bandwidth unresponsive flows in proportion to the average buffer occupancy. Comprehensive performance evaluation indicates that among other well-known AQM schemes of comparable complexities, CHORD provides enhanced TCP goodput and intra-protocol fairness and is well-suited for fair bandwidth allocation to aggregate traffic across a wide range of packet and buffer sizes at a bottleneck router.