Tele-LightSaber——一种高对抗度竞争型网络机器人系统

竞争型网络机器人系统具有交互性强、对实时性要求高等特点．为了研究适用于强交互竞争型网络机 器人系统的控制模式和控制方法,本文设计并实现了一种高对抗度的竞争型网络机器人作业Tele-LightSaber,并在 此基础上提出了将上层人工遥操作与底层视觉伺服相结合的控制模式．最后,分别利用本文提出的控制模式与传统 人工遥操作模式对Tele-LightSaber 作业进行控制,实验结果表明,本文提出的控制模式具有更强的实时性以及更小 的跟踪误差．     

面向多机器人遥操作的分布式预测图形仿真系统

在遥操作机器人系统中,由于存在通信传输时延,可能导致控制系统不稳定,从而降 低遥操作的效率和安全性．目前多采用预测仿真的方法来克服．在多机器人遥操作系统不但 要克服时延的影响,还要能控制机器人协调地完成遥操作任务．我们开发了一个面向多操作 者 多机器人遥操作的分布式预测图形仿真系统,实现了对多机器人遥操作系统的预测仿真 ,多个操作者可以通过人机交互接口遥控各自的机器人,相互协调完成遥操作的任务．初步 的实验表明该系统能够克服时延的影响,并能实现多操作者 多机器人的协调遥操作．这对 空间站机器人科学实验、多航行器对接等方面的研究有理论参考价值．     

多信息感知辅助的网络遥操作机器人系统

构建了多信息感知辅助的网络遥操作机器人系统,该系统提供了一种通过多信息感知手段辅助操作者决策的远程控制方式．首先,分析了网络条件下遥操作机器人系统多信息感知的原理．该多信息包括机器人多传感器和网络返程时延等信息．通过对这些多信息的预处理、分类和决策处理,将该多信息以视觉、听觉、力觉、报警灯和交互文本方式转化为人可感知的信息．使用网络时延缓冲器和网络双连接,降低了网络可变时延对系统的影响．最后,长距离的网络遥操作实验验证了系统和控制策略的实用性和有效性．     

基于网络的多机器人遥操作系统中的人机交互研究

针对基于网络的智能机器人遥操作系统中人机交互的主要难点和现有方法的不足，结合基于网络的多机器人遥操作系统的特点，应用多模式控制的方法丰富了操作者与机器人系统的交互途径，提高了操作效率。在此基础上，为解决网络时延给多机器人遥操作系统中的人机交互带来的问题，提出了一种带有时间标记的基于事件的方法，在保证系统稳定运行的同时提高系统的效率和性能。实验表明了所研究的方法的有效性和优越性。     

基于IP QoS技术的网络机器人遥操作研究

针对基于Internet机器人遥操作中存在的问题，结合Internet网络技术的最新发展， 借助IP QoS技术的特点和优势，本文研究并设计了基于集成业务体系结构的网络机器人遥操 作系统．通过分析IP QoS技术和机器人遥操作技术相互结合的可行性与合理性，表明该系统 能够克服目前在Internet遥操作过程中存在的问题并可在未来支持IP QoS技术的Internet中 发挥作用．本文提出了该系统的设计原型及实现方法．     

《自动化与仪表》第23卷（2008年）总目次

专题研究竞争型网络机器人系统的研究!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!刘景泰,黄兴博,孙雷1(1)GPS接收装置的射频干扰分析杨!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!杨雪垠,王一丁1(5)本体复用方法语义导入的研究与设计!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!王体春,韩永国1(8)遥操作机器人全局摄像机图像畸变校正!!!!!!!!!!!     

面向任务的虚拟环境和人机交互方法研究

基于虚拟现实技术的人机交互方法为面向任务的机器人远程作业研究提供了新的思 想和思路，增强了机器人系统的遥控作业能力．本文对机器人系统中虚拟环境和人机交互方 法研究进行了综述，对虚拟环境中的示教和遥操作进行了评析，并探讨了未来遥操作机器人 系统作业的发展趋势．     

临场感遥操作机器人综述

本文分别综述了视觉临场感遥操作机器人系统、力觉临场感遥操作机器人系统、触觉临场感遥操作机器人系统、运动觉临场感遥操作机器人系统及时延对临场感遥操作机器人系统的影响问题。提出了临场感遥操作机器人技术是一门多传感器、多信息融合的人机交互技术，并指出了其今后的发展方向及研究重点。     

具有虚拟力觉导引功能的机器人网络遥操作系统

为实现机器人网络遥操作系统中从端机器人和被抓取目标接触前的力觉感知效果,提出了具有虚拟力 觉导引功能的机器人网络遥操作系统控制方法．利用单目视觉技术获得末端执行器相对于被抓取目标的位姿信息, 并将此信息转换为操作者相对敏感的力反馈信息,引导操作者为远端机器人系统提供合适的控制命令,控制机器人 达到期望的位姿．利用手腕相机和人工目标搭建了演示实验系统,并分别进行了机器人位置和姿态遥操作控制实 验．实验结果表明,机器人遥操作系统的可操作性和操作效率有了明显提高．     

基于Internet多操作者多机器人的遥操作系统的研究

近年来基于Internet多操作者多机器人MOMR(Multi-Operator-Multi-Robot)协作成 为许多学者关注的对象．相对于单操作者单机器人SOSR(Single-Operator-Single-Robot )遥操作任务的单一性和局限性，MOMR在群体作业如：设备维护、建筑建造、外科手术等许 多场合具有明显的优势．对于危险或难以到达的环境，MOMR遥操作系统的控制成为一个主要 问题． 本文综述了基于Internet 的MOMR系统的结构、概念以及国内外的研究现状，并讨论了MOMR 系统存在的主要问题和各种协调(或协作)控制方法．     

力觉临场感遥操作系统的研究进展

力觉临场感遥操作机器人系统是一种新型的机器人控制系统，目前研究中系统存在的控制通信时延是严重影响系统的操作性能，甚至使系统不稳定的主要原因之一，当利用Internet网络传输信号时，时延是时变的，不确定的，对系统的影响更为明显，因此意在介绍国内外力觉临场感遥操作机器人系统的发展状况以及在克服时延对系统影响方面所取得的最新研究进展，同时指出研究中存在的问题，及对进一步研究提出一些看法。     

Design of a force reflection controller for telerobot systems using neural network and fuzzy logic

This paper presents a new method for selecting the force-reflection gain in a position-force type bilateral teleoperation system. The force-reflection gain greatly affects the task performance of a teleoperation system; too small gain results in poor task performance while too large gain results in system instability. The maximum boundary of the gain guaranteeing the stability greatly depends upon characteristics of the elements in the system such as: a master arm which is combined with the human operator's hand and the environments with which the slave arm contacts. In normal practice, it is, therefore, very difficult to determine such maximum boundary of the gain. To overcome this difficulty, this paper proposes a force-reflection gain selecting algorithm based on artificial neural network and fuzzy logic. The method estimates characteristics of the master arm and the environments by using neural networks and, then, determines the force-reflection gain from the estimated characteristics by using fuzzy logic. In order to show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, a series of experiments are conducted under various conditions of teleoperation using a laboratory-made telerobot system.     

Investigation of multi-modal interface features for adaptive automation of a human–robot system

The objective of this research was to assess the effectiveness of using a multi-modal interface for adaptive automation (AA) of human control of a simulated telerobotic (remote-control, semi-autonomous robotic) system. We investigated the use of one or more sensory channels to cue dynamic control allocations to a human operator or computer, as part of AA, and to support operator system/situation awareness (SA) and performance. It was expected that complex auditory and visual cueing through system interfaces might address previously observed SA decrements due to unannounced or unexpected automation-state changes as part of adaptive system control. AA of the telerobot was based on a predetermined schedule of manual- and supervisory-control allocations occurring when operator workload changes were expected due to the stages of a teleoperation task. The task involved simulated underwater mine disposal and 32 participants were exposed to four types of cueing of task-phase and automation-state changes including icons, earcons, bi-modal (combined) cues and no cues at all. Fully automated control of the telerobot combined with human monitoring produced superior performance compared to completely manual system control and AA. Cueing, in general, led to better performance than none, but did not appear to completely eliminate temporary SA deficits due to changes in control and associated operator reorienting. Bi-modal cueing of dynamic automation-state changes was more supportive of SA than modal (single sensory channel) cueing. The use of icons and earcons appeared to produce no additional perceived workload in comparison no cueing. The results of this research may serve as an applicable guide for the design of human–computer interfaces for real telerobotic systems, including those used for military tactical operations, which support operator achievement and maintenance of SA and promote performance in using AA.     

无时延感的遥操作实时共享控制仿真

针对遥操作存在大延时和临场感缺失等问题,提出了一种融合多种技术的无时延感的空间遥控机器人实时共享控制系统;重点研究了融合双向力反馈、传感器局部自主控制、图形预显示和遥编程的无时延感遥操作技术;计算仿真实验验证了该系统及其技术的有效性。     

Robots in radioactive environments

With improving technology and the growing perception of the need to keep human workers away from high radiation areas, more competitive robotic systems are increasingly becoming available. This article describes our ten years of experience in developing telerobotic systems for maintenance operations in the Spanish nuclear industry. It also describes a teleoperation platform that can be used with standard robots or with specially designed service robots. The modular architecture of this teleoperation platform has allowed the reuse of software components designed for very different applications and drastically reduce development lead time.     

A Target Grabbing Strategy for Telerobot Based on Improved Stiffness Display Device

Most target grabbing problems have been dealt with by computer vision system, however, computer vision method is not always enough when it comes to the precision contact grabbing problems during the teleoperation process, and need to be combined with the stiffness display to provide more effective information to the operator on the remote side. Therefore, in this paper a more portable stiffness display device with a small volume and extended function is developed based on our previous work. A new static load calibration of the improved stiffness display device is performed to detect its accuracy, and the relationship between the stiffness and the position is given. An effective target grabbing strategy is presented to help operator on the remote side to judge and control and the target is classified by multi-class SVM (supporter vector machine). The teleoperation system is established to test and verify the feasibility. A special experiment is designed and the results demonstrate that the improved stiffness display device could greatly help operator on the remote side control the telerobot to grab target and the target grabbing strategy is effective.      

Enhanced teleoperation performance using hybrid control and virtual fixture

To develop secure, natural and effective teleoperation, the perception of the slave plays a key role for the interaction of a human operator with the environment. By sensing slave information, the human operator can choose the correct operation in a process during the human–robot interaction. This paper develops an integrated scheme based on a hybrid control and virtual fixture approach for the telerobot. The human operator can sense the slave interaction condition and adjust the master device via the surface electromyographic signal. This hybrid control method integrates the proportional-derivative control and the variable stiffness control, and involves the muscle activation at the same time. It is proposed to quantitatively analyse the human operator's control demand to enhance the control performance of the teleoperation system. In addition, due to unskilful operation and muscle physiological tremor of the human operator, a virtual fixture method is developed to ensure accuracy of operation and to reduce the operation pressure on the human operator. Experimental results demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method for the teleoperated robot.     

手控器的性能和评价方法

手控器是主从遥操作系统的关键设备,它不仅是从机械手进行实时运动控制的输入设 备,而且是将从机械手与未知环境之间的相互作用力提供给操作者的力觉遥现装置,是人与 机器人之间建立紧密动态耦合的重要接口．因此,其性能的好坏,直接影响遥操作系统的操 作性能．近年来,在手控器研制方面的文章已发表不少,但很少涉及对手控器进行评价的方 法和量化指标．这种目标的模糊性必然造成某些设计上的盲目性．本文作者在总结多年来对 手控器研制和试验工作经验的基础上,试图对这个问题进行比较深入的探讨,初步提出了一 套评价方法和量化指标．