BaTiO3纳米粉体的制备和性能

采用溶胶-凝胶和溶胶-沉淀的方法合成了立方相纳米BaTiO3粉体．溶胶-凝胶法制备的粉体平均粒径为19nm，颗粒分布均匀、含少量BaCO3．溶胶-沉淀法得到了纯BaTiO3粉，平均粒径为42nm，存在部分团聚．两种方法相比，溶胶-凝胶法的粉体烧结密度较高，介电性能较好．讨论了两种合成方法的晶粒形成机理及对材料微观结构和介电性能的影响．     

催化剂制备方法对碳纳米管质量和形态的影响研究

改变催化剂性质是提高碳纳米管质量的一个重要的途径。在火焰法制备碳纳米管实验中,主要对比了溶胶-凝胶法和浸渍法2种催化剂制备方法。通过扫描电子显微镜、拉曼光谱仪和透射电子显微镜3种手段对合成的碳纳米管进行系统性表征。结果表明:浸渍法制备的催化剂粘性更大,更易于粘在探针或基板上,有利于碳纳米管的大型化生产;与溶胶-凝胶法相比,用浸渍法催化剂合成的碳纳米管拉曼光谱中D峰与G峰的比值下降了12.5%,碳纳米管直径缩小了18.1%且碳管更平直,石墨化程度更高。在催化剂制备工艺相近的条件下,选择浸渍法可以改善碳纳米管的质量。     

柠檬酸络合法制备La 0.56 Li 0.33 TiO 3 锂离子导电材料

采用柠檬酸络合法合成了La2／3-xLi3xTiO3(z=0．11,LLT)复合氧化物材料,通过系统研究影响溶胶和凝胶形成以及粉体晶相结构的各种因素,确定了最佳的合成条件．研究结果表明:柠檬酸络合法所制备的粉体烧结温度降低至1200℃左右,与传统的固相合成法相比具有更高的活性,其烧结温度约降低150℃．烧结所得的陶瓷样品在室温时的晶粒电导和总电导分别达到9×10-4和2．15×10-5S／cm．     

NiO纳米晶的制备及结构研究

采用溶胶-凝胶（sol-gel）技术制备氧化镍粉体，考察烧结条件对NiO粉体的组成、结构和形貌的影响。研究结果表明，以醋酸镍、柠檬酸和水为原料在一定温度下合成了稳定的溶胶和凝胶，凝胶在400℃左右基本分解完全，逐渐形成NiO纳米晶，随着烧结温度的升高，纳米NiO晶粒尺寸逐渐增大，晶型趋于完整且晶粒大小分布均匀。600℃烧结2h获得NiO粉体的颗粒尺寸52nm，晶型较好且无杂相存在，有望成为高性能锂离子电池的阳极材料。     

新型钽酸锂LiTa3O8粉体制备工艺研究

以乙醇钽和乙醇锂为原料用溶胶-凝胶法在1250℃烧结制备了LiTa3O8粉体;以碳酸锂和氧化钽为原料用固相反应法在1330℃制备了对比的LiTa3O8粉体.用XRD测试表征了新制备的LiTa3O8粉体的结构和特性.实验结果表明,两种方法制备的LiTa3O8粉体都具有正交相结构,但是溶胶-凝胶法比固相反应法制备的LiTa3O8陶瓷粉体具有更低的烧结温度和更高的粉体纯度.     

Gd3+掺杂纳米TiO2的制备及光解水制氢性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法和溶胶-凝胶浸渍法制备了纯的和Gd3 掺杂的纳米TiO2,并利用XRD,电化学, PL光谱和UV-vis漫反射光谱等手段对样品进行了表征.考察了焙烧温度和Gd3 掺杂量对TiO2在紫外光照射下光催化分解水制氢活性的影响.结果发现Gd3 的掺入提高了TiO2光解水制氢活性,并且用溶胶-凝胶浸渍法制备的Gd3 掺杂TiO2光催化剂的活性优于用溶胶-凝胶法制备的光催化剂活性,Gd3 的最佳掺杂量为0.5%(质量分数),催化剂的最佳煅烧温度为500℃.Gd3 的掺入阻止了TiO2由锐钛矿相向金红石相的转变,抑制了晶粒的生长,在紫外区的光吸收能力增强,电子-空穴对的分离效率提高,从而提高了TiO2光催化分解水制氢活性.     

柠檬酸盐凝胶自燃烧法合成超细粉体

溶胶-凝胶自燃烧法兼顾了溶胶-凝胶法与自燃烧法的优点,是一种很有应用前景的制备复合氧化物纳米材料的低温合成方法.介绍了柠檬酸盐凝胶自燃烧法的基本原理、反应配比的理论计算,分析了pH值、加水量、柠檬酸/硝酸盐、反应温度等因素对柠檬酸溶胶、凝胶的影响.综述了溶胶-凝胶自燃烧法在制备材料中的应用现状.     

Mn掺杂BST陶瓷的本征热释电性能研究

采用柠檬酸溶胶-凝胶法制备了不同锰掺杂含量的BST陶瓷。研究表明,利用柠檬酸溶胶-凝胶法制备BST陶瓷粉末可以降低BST陶瓷的烧结温度至1250℃,Mn掺杂能明显降低BST陶瓷的铁电性,适量掺杂Mn可以获得具有介电常数适中、介电损耗较小,且室温下具有良好热释电性和探测率优值的BST陶瓷。1%Mn掺杂的BST陶瓷在室温下本征热释电系数γint=610nC/(cm2.K),低频下的探测率优值Fd=88.4×10-6Pa-1/2,可以满足制作热释电探测器的要求。讨论了Mn掺杂BST陶瓷的电畴翻转机制     

溶胶-凝胶法制备负载型钨硅酸催化剂

对用溶胶-凝胶法制备的HSiW-SiO2催化剂,首先由红外光谱和紫外漫反射光谱发现钨硅酸Keggin结构中4种特征的氧键依然存在,从而证明制备的HSiW-SiO2催化剂中,钨硅酸活性中心依然保持Keggin结构.在此基础上对用溶胶-凝胶法制备的HSiW-SiO2和用浸渍法制备的HSiW/SiO2进行了水相中钨硅酸流失率考察,结果表明,HSiW-SiO2催化剂的流失率基本保持在0.94%～1.O7%,而HSiW/SiO2催化剂的流失率为3.27%,两者相差3倍多,从而证明用溶胶-凝胶法制备的负载型钨硅酸催化剂能够更好地防止钨硅酸活性中心在水相反应中的流失.     

用柠檬酸盐-凝胶法低温合成单相Ba(Mg_(1/3)Ta_(2/3))O_3

本文利用XTD、DTA、TGA、SEM、TEAI等分析手段研究了用柠檬酸盐-凝胶法低温（600℃）合成单相Ba（Mg1／3Ta2／3）O3的方法,结果发现，与传统的固相反应合成BMT的方法相比，柠檬酸盐溶胶-凝胶法能在600℃的温度下合成单相BAT，合成的粉体具有10～20nm的单颗粒尺寸．     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Effect of Permeable Crystalline Material on Steel Reinforcement Corrosion of Concrete

Permeable crystalline materialcan permeate into pores and cracks of concrete and catalyze the reaction between Ca(OH) 2and unhydrated cement to generate a great quantity needle non-soluble crystals, which can stop up the pores and cracks of concrete, and increase the impermeability of concrete. This paper reported the results of a study conducted to evaluate steel reinforcement corrosion of concrete specimens uncoated and coated with permeable crystalline material as well as mixed with the permeable crystalline material. The properties evaluated for corrosion test were water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength and potential. The results of water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength clearly showed that the permeable crystalline material could prohibit water, any soluble salts and moisture from penetrating the concrete to cause corrosion, leaking, and other problems, and it did increase the compressive strength, which was favorable for protection of corrosion of reinforcing steel. Moreover, it was concluded from the potential-time curve that the steel reinforcement of uncoated specimen was in the state of activation whereas that of other specimens coated and mixed with the permeable crystalline material was in the state of inactivation. Above all, it was indicated that the permeable crystalline materialis very effective to protect the steel reinforcement of concrete from corrosion.     

The Research and Application About "Dry Peeling Off" Technology for Airplane Surface Paint Layer

In this paper, the principle of spurting take off lacquer were introduced; and with orthogonal method the unsaturate polyester was prepared ;it was easy to peel airplane paint layer off with this material and equipment.     

Quality Study of Honeycomb Core Shaping Without Wax Stabilization

Sandwich panels utilizing honeycomb cores result in lightweight, high-strength units that are very rigid. Indeed, they give honeycomb panels the best strength-to-weight ratio of any construction type available. Conventionally, the wax is poured into the cell of the core to strengthen the structure and prevent the core from being crushed during milling. Much time and labor is required to wax, mill, and clean the cores. In this study, the process of pouring wax into the core was skipped. In other words, the cutter directly milled the core. Experiments showed that the compressive strength of the core produced without wax stabilization was only 3% lower than that of cores produced using the traditional method. In addition, the drum peel strengths of cores produced without wax stabilization were 38.4% higher than cores produced using the traditional method, in which residual wax seriously polluted the adhesive. It was also found that eliminating the wax process can reduce costs.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

In-process thermal treatment of polylactic acid in fused deposition modelling

Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most widely used open source fused filament fabrication materials due to its ease of extrusion, biodegradability, and mechanical strength. The mechanical strength of PLA largely depends on the proper growth of its semi-crystalline structure, which can be severely impaired by a low rate of crystallization, particularly in open source printers. This can be further aggravated by the non-uniform thermal distribution of heat that causes improper curing among the extruded beads of the printing material. As a result, PLA printed on open source printers does not achieve the best mechanical properties. This research, for the first time, proposes an additive-free solution implemented through a detailed set of experimentation to improve the curing rate through in-process temperature variations to cure the joints among the beads. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is used to confirm the improvements in the bead joints. This work is conducted in two phases of experiments. In the first phase, a full factorial ANOVA is used to investigate various process parameters and the important variables are used in the second phase to print test specimens in four different sets.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.