新型杂环氯代聚芳醚的合成与性能

以自制的新型氯代类双酚化合物4-(3-氯-4-羟基苯基）-2,3-二氮杂萘-1-酮（OC-HPPZ）为单体,分别与4,4/-二氟二苯酮、4,4/-二氯二苯砚和1,4-双-（4-氯代苯甲酰基）苯进行缩聚反应,合成了一类新型的具有较高分子质量的聚芳醚材料。利用FTIR、1H NMR等分析手段研究了类双酚化合物OC-HPPZ及其聚合物的结构;采用差示扫描量热仪（DSC）、热重分析仪（TGA）研究了聚合物的耐热性能,结果表明,新型聚芳醚砜、聚芳醚酮和聚芳醚酮酮具有优异的耐热性能和热稳定性能,其玻璃化转变温度为234～287℃,在氮气氛中5%热失重温度均高于420℃,新型氯代聚芳醚在氯仿、N、N-二甲基乙酰胺等极性有机溶剂中可溶解并浇铸得到透明、韧性的薄膜。     

新型可溶性聚芳醚腈酮的合成及其在绝缘漆领域的应用

以4种含杂萘联苯结构的类双酚单体分别与2,6-二氯苯腈、4,4-二氟酮进行亲核缩聚反应,制备了一系列新型含杂萘联苯结构的聚芳醚腈酮树脂.研究了不同类双酚单体结构对聚合物性能的影响.所制备聚合物均具有较高的分子量,特性粘度在0.50dL/g以上,可溶解于N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP),N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc),氯仿等极性非质子型有机溶剂中.聚合物的结构以FT-IR进行表征;利用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)和热重分析仪(TGA)研究了聚合物的耐热性能,结果表明,该类聚芳醚腈酮树脂具有优异的耐热性能,玻璃化转变温度(Tg)在255～277℃之间,10%热失重温度(Td)在498℃以上.由该系列聚芳醚腈酮材料制成的绝缘漆具有良好的电绝缘性能,较高的机械强度,良好的柔韧性和附着力.     

聚芳醚砜醚酮共聚物的合成与表征

通过低温溶液亲电共缩聚合成了聚芳醚醚酮醚砜醚酮(Ia)、聚芳醚酮酮醚砜醚酮(Ib),甲基取代、双邻位甲基取代的聚芳醚酮酮醚酮醚砜醚酮(Ic、Id)等4种结构新型的共聚物。用傅里叶红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、核磁共振(1H-NMR)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、热重分析(TGA)、X射线衍射仪(WAXD)对聚合物进行了结构表征和性能测试。结果表明,共聚物有较高的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)177℃~188℃;较高的热分解温度(Td5%≥460℃),共聚物能溶解于N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮,四氯乙烷和浓硫酸中;甲基取代的共聚物溶解性得到了明显改善,室温下还能溶于二氯甲烷、二氯乙烷、氯仿、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺中。     

几种甲基取代的新型可溶性聚芳醚酮醚砜醚酮的合成与表征

在无水A lC l3及DM F存在下,将4,4′-二(4-氯甲酰苯氧基)二苯砜(SPC l)、4,4′-二(3-氯甲酰苯氧基)二苯砜(SM C l)分别与2-甲基二苯醚(o-M DPE)和3-甲基二苯醚(m-M DPE)在1,2-二氯乙烷中进行低温溶液缩聚,合成了4种新型可溶性的甲基取代聚芳醚酮醚砜醚酮(M-PEKESEK)。DSC,TG,FT-IR及W AXD等测试表明,4种聚合物均为无定型结构,其玻璃化转变温度(Tg)介于157℃~167℃,在氮气气氛中5%的热失重温度(Td)均在465℃以上,易溶于氯仿和DM F、DM SO等强极性非质子有机溶剂中。     

含二氮杂萘酮和萘结构聚芳醚酮的研究

以4-（4-羟基苯基）-2,3-二氮杂萘-1-酮与1-氯-4-（4-氯苯甲酰基）萘单体经亲核取代反应,合成了含二氮杂萘酮和萘结构的聚芳醚酮。用FT-IR、∧1H-NMR、DSC、TG、WAXD等方法对聚合物进行了表征,研究了聚合物的溶解性能。结果表明,该聚芳醚酮是一种耐热等级高的可溶性无定形聚合物。     

二甲基杂萘联苯聚醚砜的合成与表征

以新型类双酚单体４－（２,６－二甲基－４－羟基苯基）－２,３－二氮杂萘－１－酮,与４,４′－二氯二苯砜反应,合成了一种新型聚芳醚砜,对其聚合条件作了初步探讨;并利用核磁共振、红外光谱分析研究了双酚单体及聚合物的结构,利用ＤＳＣ、ＴＧＡ对聚合物的耐热性进行了分析。实验结果表明,该类双酚单体具有与双酚类似的活必珂以进行聚合反应。     

含萘环新型聚芳醚酮砜的合成与表征

以4,4′-二(β-萘氧基)二苯砜(BNODPS),2,5-二氯对苯二甲酰氯(DCTPC)和二苯醚(DPE)为单体,通过亲电缩聚反应,合成了一系列主链含萘环的新型聚芳醚酮砜.经IR、DSC和WAXD等方法对共聚物的研究表明,随着BNODPS结构单元含量的增加,共聚物的玻璃化温度(211～224 ℃)和溶解性逐渐提高,而其熔融温度、结晶度和热分解温度均逐渐下降,但仍具有较高的耐热性.     

含醚键双二氮杂萘酮结构聚芳醚腈砜的合成与性能

文中以含醚键双二氮杂萘酮结构化合物4,4’-双(氧基(1,4-苯撑))-双二氮杂萘-1(2H)酮-二苯醚(OBDHPZ)为类双酚单体,与4,4’-二氟二苯砜(DFS)和2,6’-二氟苯腈(DFBN)进行高温溶液缩聚反应,通过调节聚合物分子主链中砜基和氰基等的含量,合成了一系列不同腈砜比的含醚键双二氮杂萘酮联苯结构聚芳醚腈砜树脂(PBPENS),其N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)溶液在25℃的特性黏度为0.63～0.90 dL/g。通过红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱和广角X射线衍射仪表征了所合成聚芳醚腈砜的结构;通过差示扫描量热仪和热失重分析仪分析了该类聚芳醚腈砜的热性能,聚合物的玻璃化转变温度(T_g)在322～325℃,5%热失重温度(T_d5%)在485～500℃。该类聚合物在常温时可溶解于NMP、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)、氯仿等极性非质子有机溶剂;采用溶液浇筑法制备了含醚键双二氮杂萘酮结构聚芳醚腈砜薄膜,薄膜的拉伸强度可以达到56～65 MPa。     

含甲基侧基聚芳醚砜醚酮酮的合成与表征

用邻甲酚或间甲酚与4,4‘-二氯二苯砜合成2,2‘-二甲基-4,4‘-二苯氧基二苯砜(o-CH3-DPODPS)或3,3‘-二甲基-4,4‘-二苯氧基二苯砜(m-CH3-DPODPS),然后与对苯二甲酰氯(TPC)或间苯二甲酰氯(IPC)进行缩聚,得到一类新型含甲基侧基的聚芳醚砜醚酮酮聚合物.用FT-IR,^1H-NMR,DSC,TGA,X-ray等方法对单体和聚合物进行表征.结果表明,这种可溶性的非晶态聚合物具有较高的玻璃化转变温度Tg和较好的耐热性能.     

含1-(萘-1-磺酰基)萘结构聚芳醚的合成及表征

以氯苯、α-氯代萘、氯磺酸、二氯亚砜为原料,合成了4-氯-1-萘磺酰氯,经Frield-Craft磺酰基化反应,合成了含两个1,4-萘结构的4-氯-1-(4′-氯-1-萘磺酰基)萘(CCNSN)。CCNSN分别与双酚A、酚酞、对苯二酚及4-(4-羟基苯基)-2,3-二氮杂萘-1-酮经溶液亲核取代逐步聚合反应,合成了4种含1-(萘-1-磺酰基)萘结构的聚芳醚(Pa~Pd)。用NMR、FT-IR对单体和聚合物进行了表征,证明其结构正确;用DSC、TGA和WAXD等方法对聚合物的热性能及结晶性进行了表征,结果表明,聚合物的玻璃化转变温度在226℃~318℃之间,氮气环境下,5%热失重的起始温度均在450℃以上,说明具有良好的热稳定性;考察了聚合物的溶解性能,除Pc不溶于常见的有机溶剂外,Pa、Pb、Pd皆可溶于氯仿(CHCl3)、1,1,2,2-四氯乙烷(TCE)和N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAC)、N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)等非质子极性溶剂。     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Friction Stir Processing Strategies for Uniform Distribution of Reinforcement in a Surface Composite

Friction stir processing (FSP) is an important technique for preparing surface composites. Fabricating defect-free surface composites with uniform particle distribution by FSP is a challenging task. In this study, silicon carbide particles reinforced AA5083 alloy surface composites was fabricated using different FSP strategies including variation in process parameters, dual-tool processing and tool offset overlapping. Material flow of the processed material with reinforcement particles demonstrated that the distribution of particles was influenced by the stirring action of the probe as well as the extrusion of the plasticized material due to the movement of the tool. Process parameters, particularly rotational speed, showed a dominant influence on the distribution of silicon carbide particles.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

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