离散频谱分析比值校正法幅值和相位的抗噪性分析

谐波信号离散频谱分析的比值校正法(内插法)在无噪声时是一种准确的校正方法,只存在计算时的舍入误差,但在包含噪声尤其信噪比较低时,校正精度会有所下降,甚至误差很大.研究了比值校正法的幅值与相位加不同的窗函数及加性高斯白噪声时的统计方差公式,并通过不同信噪比下的仿真验证了其准确性.建议避免在归一化频率误差较低的情况下使用加矩形窗的比值校正法来校正相位.     

密集频率数字信号的判定和校正方法

数字信号的频谱分析中,DFT只得到的频谱可以粗略确定实验信号各谐波频率,振幅和相位,单频谱谐波在其频率的某一邻域内的细化幅值频谱和相位频谱具有显著的特征,通过分析比较,单频率谐波细化频谱与矩形窗的频谱极其相似,依此为准绳,可以判定密集频率信号,进而通过待定谐波参数,选择合适的参数区间和步长组合循环计算,并用矩形窗频谱近似单频率谐波细化频谱的办法,则可以还原校正密集频率的谐波参数,校正精度略低于细化频谱对单频率谐波的计算结果,该方法可以较好的进行情况多变的多个密集频率频谱分析,越多的密集频谱,需要更大的计算量。     

基于相位差校正技术的动平衡信号高精度测量

提出利用相位差校正技术实现动平衡信号的高精度测量.对原始随机采样的振动信号序列时移构造相同点数的新序列,分别对这两个信号序列加对称窗函数进行FFT分析,利用各自离散频谱中对应峰值谱线的相位差求取信号幅值和相位的校正量,最后根据该校正量得到基频不平衡信号的特征参数,同时也说明了对称窗函数的选取原则.该方法的采样频率不受待测信号频率影响,不需要整周期采样,算法实现方便,实时性好,且加适当的窗函数可以消除信号中的谐波、噪声干扰.实验结果表明该方法能够实现动平衡信号参数的高精度测量.     

一种新颖的科氏流量计数字信号处理方法

利用矩形自卷积窗对谐波和白噪声的抑制作用,加窗进行短时傅里叶变换能很好的跟踪测量信号频率,而且加窗后的信号能直接用于滑动Goertzel算法测量相位差的特性,提出了一种新的科氏流量计信号处理方法.仿真结果表明整个信号处理算法的测量精度高,实时性好,便于系统实现.     

离散频谱的能量重心校正法

针对离散频谱三点卷积幅值校正方法只能校正幅值,不能校正频率和相位的问题,从理论上推导了常用离散窗谱函数的能量重心就是坐标原点,由此得到了能量重心法校正频率和相位的公式。误差分析和仿真计算表明：与其它校正方法相比,此方法能对多段平均功率谱直接进行校正,算法简单,计算速度快,负频率成分和间隔较近的多频率成分产生的干涉现象所带来的误差对精度的影响小,校正方法适用于各种对称窗函数,解决了三点卷积幅值校正法不能校正信号频率和相位的缺点。在工程应用中,对噪声小的信号,推荐加Hanning窗n=1（三点卷积法）的方法进行校正,频率间隔大于等于4个频率分辨率的信号校正后的幅值误差小于1％,频率误差小于0.01个频率分辨率,相位误差小于5度,这种方法不适用于频率过于密集的分析场合或连续谱。     

正弦压力信号数据处理方法研究

针对现行规程中广泛应用的4种正弦压力信号处理方法,为比较三参数法和四参数法的优劣,使用Matlab模拟幅值缩放、相位时延和谐波失真3种情况下的理想信号,并计算其幅值、直流分量、相位和频率4个正弦参数。结果表明:在已知信号频率的情况下,三参数法优于四参数法,且不受谐波干扰。进一步绘制三维图像,分析频率估计误差对三参数法幅值灵敏度和相位差的影响,最终给出结论:三参数法的最大误差在频率估计误差较小时可用线性误差控制,频率估计百分比误差为2%时,幅值灵敏度和相位差的最大百分比误差约为–1.9%,可用于保守计算频率估计误差所带来的影响。     

离散频谱四点能量重心校正法及抗噪性能分析

在对比离散频谱能量重心法采用不同点数时的频率、幅值和相位校正精度的基础上提出了4点能量重心校正法,推导了高斯白噪声背景下单频率谐波信号采用4点能量重心法进行频率、幅值和相位校正的统计方差公式,通过仿真计算验证了其正确性.分析对比了采用不同点数进行能量重心校正时的优缺点,建议在工程中采用Han-ning窗4点能量重心法进行谐波信号离散频谱校正.     

基于离散频谱分析的自由衰减振动信号的幅值恢复

加矩形窗截断后的自由衰减振动信号可以看成无限长谐波信号与单边指数函数及矩形窗的乘积,从理论上证明了其连续谱峰值点的频率和相位就是信号的实际频率和相位。分析了连续谱的离散频谱幅值误差影响因素,提出一种新的求解幅值恢复系数的方法,该方法根据已估计得到的阻尼、频率和相位重构幅值为给定值的新信号,然后求解加有限长度指数窗幅值恢复系数。当理论频率位于某条离散谱线上,幅值基本无误差。理论分析和仿真表明,采样频率、阻尼和频率误差的变化对幅值分析精度的影响很大,并且是相互作用的,但当理论频率与采样频率之比fn/fs在区间(0.25,0.4)内,且阻尼在区间(0.005,0.02)时,不论频率误差多大,分析精度均很高,幅值误差小于5%。相邻频率成分产生严重模态耦合时,不能使用该方法。     

对两个频率相近成分作频谱校正的非迭代形式研究

双频率模型(DFM)的频谱校正是否存在类似于单频率模型(CSM)的非迭代校正形式,以及相应的校正性能尚未见文献报道。作者分析了CSM存在简单校正公式的原因,给出了DFM加矩形窗的非迭代校正式,采用包含幅度相差10倍的DFM对校正式进行了仿真考核。研究结果表明:CSM存在简单校正式的原因在于窗谱函数可以分解为超越函数与有理分式的乘积,前者在相邻的离散谱线上绝对值相等;由这两个特性可建立DFM相对简单频谱校正关系,但是除了DFM加矩形窗的情形外,其它均涉及高于2次的多项式方程。仿真考核表明,给出的校正式对幅度强的成分的误差小于幅度弱者,并且当DFM频率间隔超过两个经典频率分别率时,最后采用CSM校正式。     

基于Hanning自卷积窗函数的短时傅里叶变换

针对频谱泄漏对短时傅里叶变换(STFT)产生的影响,将卷积窗函数引入到STFT中.本文研究了STFT的算法、卷积窗函数的定义及特性、Hanning自卷积窗函数的性能,通过实验比较了Hanning窗函数、2阶Hanning自卷积窗函数及4阶Hanning自卷积窗函数的STFT分析性能.仿真结果表明使用Hanning自卷积窗函数提高了STFT的时间和频率分辨率,且随着卷积窗函数阶数的提高分析效果越明显.     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Estimation of potentialities of methods of summation of direct measurement errors

Conventional methods for summation of direct measurement errors are considered. Conditions under which these methods provide consistent results are stated. It is proposed to utilize for characteristic of the total error, its interval estimator or the half-sum of the value obtained by adding up its arithmetic and geometric random errors.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 10–12, April, 1995.     

空压机轴承箱蜗壳温度探头油封改造

由于空压机进气侧轴承箱蜗壳温度探头密封效果不好,使空压机及其后续管道受到油污染。后将温度探头的O形圈密封改为骨架油封,杜绝了轴承箱漏油问题。文章简介空压机的结构和技术参数,详细介绍了骨架油封的制作和优点。     

Characteristics of mechanical properties of materials in studies of conditions of attainment of marginal states

It is shown that conditions of attainment of marginal states in the material of structural components are formulated on the basis of analysis of force and deformation criteria of formation and development of destruction. The parameters of these criteria are data on types of structural materials, standard and special characteristics of their mechanical properties, structural forms of considered elements of the equipment, and their operating stress loading. In this case, the construction of a system of state equations for describing interrelation of current damage, external actions, and responses to them is based on the concept of calculating variations in properties of materials at all stages of the design life cycle.     

Determination of parameters of microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by the method of modeling

The article suggests a method of evaluating the microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by modeling. The method includes the measurement of deformations of metal according to meshes of a dividing grid with small base and the calculation of the distribution parameters of microdeformations in model representation. It is shown that the modeling method makes it possible objectively to evaluate the microinhomogeneity of deformation of metals independently of the chosen mesh size of the dividing grid. New structural characteristics are introduced: the base and wave of variation expressing the degree of crumbling or amalgamation of metal grains by inhomogeneity of deformation.Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 7, pp. 40–44, July, 1991.     

Analysis of the rate of propagation of the wave of change of boiling modes

An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.