一种新型超高强度钢的耐蚀性研究

通过中性盐雾实验和电化学实验对一种新型超高强度钢进行耐腐蚀性能研究。研究表明,与两种传统的超高强度钢A100钢和300M钢相比,新型超高强度钢的自腐蚀电位高,阻抗模值大,在NaCl溶液中抵抗腐蚀的能力强,因而新型超高强度钢的耐腐蚀性能最强。     

高合金超高强度钢的发展

超高强度钢是在普通合金结构钢的基础上发展起来的一种超高强度、高韧性合金钢,在现代工业中占有重要地位,在航空、航天部门也被广泛使用.本文介绍了超高强度钢,特别是高合金超高强度钢的发展和应用情况,指出了现今在这一领域的研究热点.     

新型纳米强化超高强度钢的研究与进展

随着资源、能源和环境压力日益加大,超高强度钢的开发越来越受到世界各国的极大重视。传统的超高强度钢大都是依赖提高碳含量或合金元素含量而获得较高强度的马氏体或贝氏体钢,此种钢存在着焊接性能差、塑韧性低、钢材尺寸受限制和成本昂贵等问题,严重制约了经济的快速发展和现代国防的建设,因此,开发综合性能良好、成本低廉的新型超高强度钢刻不容缓。结合当前纳米科技的发展,介绍了新型纳米强化超高强度钢的设计理念,阐述了以纳米相析出强化为主、多种强化方式结合的强韧化理论,并总结了纳米析出强化超高强度钢在合金设计和工艺优化等方面的初步研究进展,最后探讨了新型纳米强化超高强度钢亟待解决的问题。     

基于S35140钢的超低碳成分设计和力学性能研究

S35140钢是一种基于25Ni-20Cr的奥氏体耐热钢,为了获得高强度,通常会提高碳含量,但碳含量较高不利于高温时效稳定性和长期耐腐蚀性能.本文在S35140钢的基础上,大幅度降低碳含量,并通过调控N和Nb等微合金元素含量,以及加入Ti元素,促使析出新的强化相,弥补减少碳含量所导致的强度降低.同时引入一定量的Al元素,增强S35140钢的高温强度和抗氧化性能.研究表明,加入微量Nb,N,Ti元素的热轧态实验钢析出了氮化物和细小的Laves相,这些析出相具有较强的强化作用,使其拉伸性能不亚于具有较高碳含量的S35140钢;加入4.7％Al(质量分数)元素后,实验钢的基体中出现了铁素体和奥氏体双相组织,同时析出大量B2-NiAl相,使其室温和高温拉伸强度以及室温韧性均高于其它成分的实验钢.     

真空冶金材料研究的部分新进展

首先分析了材料研究与发展中呈现出的新特点和新趋势,着重介绍了中国科学院金属研究所相关课题组近年来在超高强度马氏体时效钢、新型医用无镍奥氏体不锈钢、缓释药物冠动脉支架、抗菌不锈钢、金属氢化物空调等新材料及新材料技术方面的研究新进展.     

合金元素在相变诱发塑性钢中的作用

阐述了相变诱发塑性钢高塑性、高强度的机理和产生原理,合金元素在相变诱发塑性钢中的作用,介绍了我国在相变诱发塑性钢领域研究的现状,指出了相变诱发塑性钢中合金元素今后研究的趋势.     

E型钢阻尼器数值仿真及试验研究

摘 要: 本文吸收国外的研究成果,应用高强度钢代替软钢设计了E型钢阻尼器。通过试验与数值仿真对该类阻尼器的滞回性能和恢复力模型进行了研究,表明Ｅ型钢阻尼器采用弹塑性材料模型在循环载荷作用下具有良好的耗能性能。通过本文分析说明该设计方法可以应用于高强度钢,降低了生产成本。
     

新型高合金二次硬化超高强度钢的发展

本文介绍了国外高Ｃｏ，Ｎｉ的超高强度钢ＨＹ１８０、ＡＦ１４１０和ＡｅｒＭｅｔ１００钢的进展，与其它超高强度钢相比，ＡｅｒＭｅｔ１００超高强度钢具有更突出的综合性能，高强度、高强度、高断裂韧性，优异的抗应力腐蚀开裂和抗疲劳性能，此钢具有广泛的应用前景。     

超高强度钢研究进展及其在军事上的应用

简要地介绍了近年来超高强度钢的发展以及国内外低合金超高强度钢和二次硬化超高强度钢的研究进展，介绍了300M、30XгCH2A、AF1410、Aemet100等国外几种典型钢种和国内新研制的G99和G50钢的力学性能和主要特点，并探讨了我国超高强度钢的发展方向和研究重点，以及这些钢在军事上的应用前景。     

TWIP钢激光拼焊板的力学性能及微观组织分析

为评价TWIP钢的焊接性能,对1.2 mm厚的Fe-Mn-C系TWIP钢进行了激光拼焊实验,用线扫描分析了锰元素的分布,对拼焊板进行了拉伸试验,用扫描电镜观察了拉伸断口形貌,采用背散射电子分析技术分析了拉伸前后的组织变化及孪晶形成,测试了维氏硬度的分布曲线.实验结果表明:焊缝区未发生Mn元素的挥发,室温下为显著的柱状枝晶铸态组织;断裂发生在存在气孔等微小缺陷的焊缝区,拼焊板强度与母材接近,韧性显著降低;拉伸过程中有大量的形变孪晶形成,拉伸前后均为全奥氏体组织.     

Influence of manufacturing process on tabletting ability of powder: comparison between blending, grinding, and spray drying of two formulations made of theophylline and lactose/cellulose or Cellactose

Three manufacturing processes were applied to two formulations composed of 20% anhydrous theophylline associated with either 20% microcrystalline cellulose and 60% lactose or 80% Cellactose®. The processing method (dry blending, grinding, or spray drying) and the formulation were investigated through the comparison of the physical and flow characteristics and the compactibility of the end products. The results demonstrated that the formulation had a major effect on the mechanical properties, with binary blends exhibiting a higher resistance than ternary ones, whereas flow properties and densification depended on the process. Nevertheless, it was also observed that spray drying decreased the difference between the mechanical properties of the two formulations, probably by modifying the texture of the Cellactose® in suspension.     

Towards electrically conductive, self-healing materials.

A novel class of organometallic polymers comprising N-heterocyclic carbenes and transition metals was shown to have potential as an electrically conductive, self-healing material. These polymers were found to exhibit conductivities of the order of 10(-3) S cm-1 and showed structurally dynamic characteristics in the solid-state. Thin films of these materials were cast onto silicon wafers, then scored and imaged using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The scored films were subsequently healed via thermal treatment, which enabled the material to flow via a unique depolymerization process, as determined by SEM and surface profilometry. A method for incorporating these features into a device that exhibits electrically driven, self-healing functions is proposed.     

基于CMM测量的航空发动机叶片型面误差分离技术

针对三坐标测量机检测叶片型面数据处理的关键问题,提出一种叶片型面误差分离方法。采用等高法测量叶片,给出了叶片型面公差评估指标的计算方法和误差分离的原则与步骤。在数据处理时采用最小区域法对测量点和理论截面轮廓线对应点进行匹配,建立了匹配目标函数,采用DFP变尺度算法对其求解,并通过第2次匹配消除建立坐标系误差的影响,以分离出叶片型面线轮廓度误差、扭转误差和位置度误差来判定叶片型面误差是否合格。最后通过实例证明了该方法的实用性和有效性。     

高纯硅溶胶中杂质元素Na,K,Mg,Ca测定方法的研究

采用火焰原子吸收法测定高纯硅溶胶中的杂质元素钠、钾、镁、钙。在选定的最佳条件下,其钠、钾、镁、钙的检出限分别为:0.0047,0.0060,0.0036,0.028μg/mL,加入回收率为92.5%～112.5%,相对标准偏差均小于10%。方法准确、快速、简便。     

新型Mg-8Li-5Al-5Ca合金的微观组织、力学及耐腐蚀性能

设计了新型高钙铝比Mg-8Li-5Al-5Ca合金,通过常温拉伸、失重法、pH测定和电化学测试等方法研究了合金的常温力学性能和耐腐蚀性能。采用扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)分析了基体和腐蚀产物相结构、合金显微组织以及腐蚀形貌。研究结果表明,这种镁锂合金形成Al2Ca相包围双基体(α-Mg+β-Li)的结构,挤压后基体组织和第二相粒子均明显细化。Mg-8Li-5Al-5Ca合金的耐腐蚀性能优于一般镁锂合金,且随着挤压比的增大进一步提升。该合金的力学性能协调了镁锂合金的优良塑性和高钙铝比镁合金的高强度,拥有较高的抗拉强度(222 MPa)和延伸率(8.3%)。     

Mechanistic analysis of drug release from theophylline pellets coated by films containing pectin, chitosan and Eudragit RS

The objective of this study was to obtain detailed information on the mechanism of drug release from mixed-film of pectin-chitosan/Eudragit® RS. Pellets (710-840 μm in diameter) containing 60% theophylline and 40% microcrystalline cellulose were prepared by extrusion-spheronization method. Eudragit® L100-55 enteric coating capsules included film-coated pellets of theophylline in theoretical coating weight gains of 10, 15, and 20%, with pectin-chitosan complex contents of 5, 10, 15, and 20% for each level of weight gain were prepared and subjected to in vitro drug release. Drug release from this system showed a bimodal release profile characteristic with the drug release enhancement, being triggered (burst release) in the colonic medium. The reason for burst drug release may be due to the enzymatic degradation of pectin via pectinolytic enzymes in the simulated colonic medium. The mechanism of drug release from each formulation was evaluated in the terms of zero-order, first-order, Higuchi and Korsmeyer-Peppas models. It was observed that none of the enteric coating capsules showed any drug release in the simulated gastric medium (phase I). The analysis of release profiles showed that zero-order kinetics was found as the better fitting model for all formulations in the simulated small intestine (phase II) and it could be due to the pectin-chitosan swelling and subsequent formation of aqueous channels. In the colonic medium (phase III), due to degradation of pectin and its leaching from the mixed-film, there was a modification in drug release kinetics from swelling-controlled at phase II to anomalous at phase III. It also was found that both zero-order and Higuchi models contributed in colonic drug release from most of the formulations.     

Relationship Between Microstructure, Hardness, XRD, TGDTA Analysis, and Wear Performance of a Cast ZA Alloy

In the present article, microstructure, hardness, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal gravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TGDTA), and wear performance of a Cast ZA Alloy were studied by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), XRD analysis, thermal gravimetric and differential thermal analysis and tensile strength, hardness, and wear test techniques. Wear performance of the alloy was investigated on a pin-on-disk wear tester under dry sliding conditions, rubbing against nitrided steel. The wear performance of some specimens was superior to others, for which microstructure and precipitated particulates were important. It has showed that some important phases occurred and improved the wear performance after solution-treatment.     

基于印压法的软组织模体的杨氏模量测量

研制了基于印压法的软质材料杨氏模量的测量装置,通过有限元仿真方法确定杨氏模量与印压曲线的关系的系数,从而实现对仿组织弹性样本进行杨氏模量量值的标定;用瞬时弹性成像设备对仿组织弹性模体进行测量,其结果与印压法测量结果的一致性,验证了弹性量值传递的可行性。     

Micro-hardness, microstructures and thermal stability of (Ti,Cr,Al,Si)N films deposited by cathodic arc method

(Ti,Cr,Al,Si)N films were deposited by cathodic arc method using TiCrAlSi alloy cathodes. It was found that the microstructures of (Ti,Cr,Al,Si)N were closely related to (Al+Si) content. The crystal structure of (Ti,Cr,Al,Si)N was NaCl-type structure up to the (Al+Si) content of 0.60, where it changed to a hexagonal structure. The maximum hardness of 33 GPa was obtained at the lowest (Al+Si) content of 0.56, still in the cubic structure. The micro-hardness decreased down to 28 GPa as the crystal structure changed from NaCl-type to wurtzite-type.To investigate the thermal stabilities of (Ti,Cr,Al,Si)N, the films were annealed in a vacuum furnace. In Ti_0.20Cr_0.20Al_0.55Si_0.05N with cubic structure, the phase segregation occurred by annealing at over 900 °C, while Ti_0.22Cr_0.22Al_0.44Si_0.12N remained in cubic phase up to 1000 °C. The micro-hardness of Ti_0.20Cr_0.20Al_0.55Si_0.05N increased and that of Ti_0.22Cr_0.22Al_0.44Si_0.12N decreased at 1000 °C. Ti_0.20Cr_0.11Al_0.58Si_0.11N with a cubic and hexagonal mixture phase held its (c,h)-mixture phase up to 1000 °C, while there was an indication of an increase both in micro-hardness and in cubic ratio after annealing.In this paper, the micro-hardness and microstructure of (Ti,Cr,Al,Si)N are discussed as a function of annealing temperature and investigated by X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy.     

基于改进型两次平衡对检法的感应分压器自校准方法

介绍了参考电势变压器和指零仪变压器设计原理,分析了屏蔽间泄漏对测量结果的影响;对常规两次平衡参考电势对检法进行了改进,使零平衡和段平衡测量过程中,参考电势和测差电路均可实现等电位保护;对自校准方法进行了推导,校准结果仅与段平衡和零平衡时锁相放大器测量的电压差值相关,与参考电势变压器、指零仪变压器、辅助变压器等的误差无关,屏蔽间泄漏的影响也得到消除。对1kV感应分压器进行了校准实验,并对校准结果进行了测量不确定度分析,其相对扩展不确定度的评估结果为5.4×10^-8(k=2)。