多孔碳化硅及氧化铝/碳化硅复合膜的制备与性能

以碳化硅(SiC)为骨料,氧化铝(Al2O3)为烧结助剂,在空气气氛下反应烧结制备碳化硅多孔陶瓷支撑体,并配制Al2O3制膜液,采用浸浆法在支撑体表面进行涂膜.重点考察Al2O3添加量对支撑体的孔隙率、抗弯强度、微观形貌的影响与支撑体的抗热震性能;采用环境扫描电镜(SEM)观察膜层的微观形貌,并对膜层的气体渗透性能、抗热震性能等进行考察.结果表明,当烧结温度为1500℃、Al2O3添加质量数为10%时,支撑体的抗弯强度为31MPa、孔隙率为30%,气体渗透系数为4 000m3/(m2.h.0.1MPa),抗热震性能良好;制备的碳化硅陶瓷复合膜,其平均孔径为4.7μm,膜厚为110μm,气体渗透系数为1 917m3/(m2.h.0.1MPa),具有良好的抗热震性能.     

烧结温度对包混/复合添加工艺制备多孔SiC陶瓷性能的影响

采用包混工艺合成了核壳结构的先驱体粉体,并引入一定量Al2O3、SiO2和Y2O3复合添加剂,通过成型、炭化和烧结工艺制备了多孔碳化硅陶瓷;分析了样品的物相、表面形貌、孔隙率、热导率、热膨胀系数、抗弯强度和抗热震性能。结果表明,在较低的烧结温度下制得了多孔碳化硅陶瓷,在1650℃烧结的多孔碳化硅陶瓷综合性能较好。     

碳化硅多孔陶瓷气孔率和强度影响因素

研究了陶瓷粘结剂含量、碳化硅颗粒粒径以及烧结温度对高温气体过滤用碳化硅多孔陶瓷抗弯强度和气孔率的影响. 利用X射线衍射测试了多孔陶瓷烧结后的物相组成. 陶瓷粘结剂含量的增加使碳化硅多孔陶瓷的气孔率快速下降, 在陶瓷粘结剂含量15wt%时, 碳化硅多孔陶瓷可具有较高的气孔率(37.5%)和抗弯强度(27.63MPa). 随着碳化硅颗粒粒径从300?m减少到87um, 碳化硅多孔陶瓷的气孔率和抗弯强度可同时提高, 气孔率从35.5%增加到了42.4%, 而抗弯强度从19.92MPa增加到了25.18MPa. 碳化硅多孔陶瓷的烧结温度从1300℃增加到1400℃过程中, 其气孔率从38.7%迅速下降到35.4%, 而其抗弯强度一直在27MPa左右, 没有大幅变化, 所以该多孔陶瓷的烧结温度应该选在陶瓷粘结剂熔点(1300℃)附近, 不宜过高.     

不同铝源制备莫来石结合碳化硅多孔陶瓷及性能研究

以碳化硅(SiC)和不同铝源(多孔Al2O3/纳米Al2O3/Al(OH)3)为起始原料,通过原位反应结合工艺制备莫来石结合碳化硅多孔陶瓷。主要研究了不同铝源及温度对多孔陶瓷抗弯强度、气孔率、线性伸缩率等性能的影响,并采用XRD和SEM分析表征了样品的物相组成与断面形貌。结果表明:以多孔Al2O3为铝源,在1450℃下保温3h制备的碳化硅多孔陶瓷的综合性能最优,其强度为58 MPa,气孔率为41.9%;烧结温度对3种铝源所制备的多孔陶瓷具有相同的影响,随着温度的升高,强度逐渐升高,气孔率逐渐降低,线性收缩率逐渐增大。     

原位反应结合碳化硅多孔陶瓷的制备与性能

以碳化硅(SiC)和氧化铝(Al₂O₃)为起始原料、石墨为造孔剂, 通过原位反应结合工艺制备SiC多孔陶瓷. XRD分析表明多孔陶瓷的主相是SiC, 结合相是莫来石与方石英; SEM观察到多孔陶瓷具有相互连通的开孔结构. 坯体在烧结前后具有很小的尺寸变化, 线收缩率约在±1.5%内. 多孔陶瓷的开口孔隙率随烧结温度和成型压力的增大而减小, 随石墨加入量的增加而增大; 而体密度具有相反的变化趋势. 随着石墨粒径的增大, 多孔陶瓷的孔径分布呈现双峰分布. 抗弯强度随烧结温度和成型压力的增大而增大, 随石墨加入量的增大而减小. 于1450℃保温4h烧成的样品在0～800℃的平均热膨胀系数为6.4×10^-6/K. 多孔陶瓷还表现出良好的透气性、抗高温氧化和耐酸腐蚀性, 但耐碱腐蚀性相对较差.     

C/SiC复合材料的低温制备工艺研究

陶瓷基复合材料制备温度过高一直是制约其引入主动冷却工艺、突破其本征使用温度的主要原因之一。采用差热(TG-DTA)、红外(IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)等分析测试手段,研究了聚碳硅烷(Polycarbosilane,PCS)的裂解及化学转化过程,从理论上说明了先驱体聚碳硅烷(PCS)低温(1000℃)陶瓷化的可行性。结果表明:聚碳硅烷在750℃实现无机化,880℃开始结晶,即聚碳硅烷在高温合金耐受温度范围(1000℃)内,即可实现陶瓷化。以聚碳硅烷(PCS)为先驱体,炭纤维为增强体,采用先驱体浸渍裂解(PIP)工艺低温制备了炭纤维增强碳化硅(C/SiC)陶瓷基复合材料,当制备温度为900℃时,所制备C/SiC复合材料密度为1.70g/cm3,弯曲强度达到657.8MPa,剪切强度为61.02MPa,断裂韧性为22.53MPa.m1/2,并采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对复合材料的微观形貌进行了分析。     

凝胶注模法制备多孔碳化硅支撑体

以大颗粒碳化硅(SiC)为陶瓷骨料,采用凝胶注模法制备支撑体生坯,原位反应烧结制备大孔径、高渗透性的多孔SiC陶瓷支撑体,主要考察了有机单体含量和烧结制度对高温气固分离用陶瓷膜支撑体性能的影响.研究结果表明:适宜的有机单体含量有助于SiC颗粒稳定分散在悬浮液中,提高烧结温度和延长保温时间均可增加SiC颗粒的氧化程度,在1 550℃时,XRD图谱显示莫来石相生成,支撑体的抗弯强度有一定程度的提高.采用凝胶注模法制备的生坯在1 550℃,保温4h烧结后具有良好的性能:抗弯强度为20.4 MPa,孔隙率为37%,平均孔径为23μm,气体渗透率为2.01×10-12 m2.     

两次离心挂浆工艺制备网眼多孔陶瓷

以具有三维网状结构和贯通气孔的聚氨酯泡沫体为载体,采用两次离心挂浆工艺制备了高气孔率、无堵孔且结构均匀可控的氮化硅网眼多孔陶瓷.借助TG-DSC分析了泡沫体的热分解过程,确定了排胶工艺.借助流变测量和光学显微镜观察了挂浆工艺及浆料粘度对泡沫体挂浆量和多孔结构的影响,并对制品材料的微观结构和性能进行了表征.结果表明,与传统辊压工艺相比,采用两次离心挂浆工艺后,改善了多孔结构的均匀性,显著提高了材料强度,为高强度、结构可控、网眼多孔陶瓷的制备提供了一个有效途径.     

采用定向SiC纳米线烧结制备高强多孔SiC陶瓷

利用直接墨水打印方法制备了由定向SiC纳米线交错叠层组成的具备网络状孔隙结构的高强SiC多孔陶瓷。制备的碳化硅多孔陶瓷具有高的通孔结构和完全由定向SiC纳米线组装而成的结构特征。研究了烧结温度对定向SiC纳米线多孔陶瓷的微观结构、相组成演变及力学性能的影响。研究结果表明: 烧结温度低于1900 ℃时, SiC纳米线能保持高长径比; 1850 ℃烧结制备的定向SiCNWs多孔陶瓷的密度、气孔率和中位孔径分别为1.49 g/cm³、54.6%和~1 μm。得益于SiC纳米线的高强度以及取向排布, SiC纳米线多孔陶瓷的压缩强度高达(245.5±0.7) MPa。     

碳化硅网眼多孔陶瓷的制备

本工作采用有机泡沫浸渍工艺制备了具有相互贯通气孔的碳化硅网眼多孔陶瓷．通过选择合适的流变剂获得了对海绵具有良好涂覆性能的浆料．探讨了粘结剂对网眼多孔陶瓷性能的影响,结果表明：硅溶胶是一种比较理想的粘结剂．ＸＲＤ、ＳＥＭ研究了烧结制品的晶相组成及显微结构,同时还对烧结制品的孔筋密度、气孔率、力学性能等进行了表征．本工作在１４５０℃下保温１ｈ获得了气孔率为７５％～８５％、抗弯强度达２．５ＭＰａ以上的碳化硅网眼多孔陶瓷,其主要晶相由α－ＳｉＣ、α－Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３、方石英和莫来石组成．     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.