具有过量PbO的Pb（Zn1／3Nb2／3）O3—PbTiO3系陶瓷的相结构和介电性能

合成了添加过量ＰｂＯ后的Ｐｂ（Ｚｎ１／３Ｎｂ２／３）Ｏ３－ＰｂＴｉＯ３（ＰＺＮ－ＰＴ）系陶瓷，并研究了其相结构及介电性能，在（１－ｘ）ＰＺＮ－ｘＰＴ（０．１＜ｘ＜０．２）系陶恣体中，添加过量ＰｂＯ提高了钙钛矿结构的稳定性，但过多地添加ＰｂＯ不利于提高其介电性能。当ＰＴ的摩尔浓度为１４－１９ｍｏｌ％时，这些组分最大介电常数和温度的关系与频率无关，而其介电常数的温度特性及仍随频率变化而弥散。     

Pb（Zn1／3Nb2／3）O3基复相陶瓷的结构与介电性能研究

在Ｐｂ（Ｚｎ１／３Ｎｂ２／３）Ｏ３－ＢａＴｉＯ３－ＰｂＴｉＯ３系统中选用两种具有不同居里温度的固溶体为起始组元，按对数混合法则对Ｐｂ（Ｚｎ１／３Ｎｂ２／３）Ｏ３基温度稳定电容器陶瓷的组成和介电性能进行设计的基础上，采用混合烧结法制备了（１－ｘ）ＬＴＣ－ｘＨＴＣ温度稳定电容器陶瓷。     

复合钙钛矿Pb（Fe1／2Nb1／2）O3的弛豫特性

制备了纯钙钛矿相Ｐｂ（Ｆｅ１／２Ｎｂ１／２）Ｏ３（ＰＦＮ）陶瓷，研究其介电性能表明，ＰＦＮ陶瓷无论退火与否都存在弥散性相变（ＤＰＴ）现象，未退火试样εｍａｘ对应的温度Ｔｍ不随测量频率变化，退火试样的Ｔｍ随频率变化，即表现出Ｔｍ频率色散现象，结合ＸＲＤ分析，指出ＰＦＮ应属弛豫铁电体。     

过量PbO和过量MgO对PMN-PT陶瓷相结构及介电性能的影响

采用ＮａＣｌ－ＫＣｌ熔盐法成功地制备了单一钙钛矿相结构的０．８ＰＭＮ－０．２ＰＴ陶瓷,并详细研究了添加过量ＰｂＯ和过量ＭｇＯ对０．８ＰＭＮ－０．２ＰＴ陶瓷样品的相结构和介电性能的影响。结果表明：过量ＰｂＯ和过量ＭｇＯ都能抑制和消除焦绿石相,并提高陶瓷的介电常数,但过量ＭｇＯ的效果更好。     

Pb(Ni1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3系统准同型相界附近的介电异常

用两步合成法制备了（１－ｘ）Ｐｂ（Ｎｉ１／３Ｎｂ２／３）Ｏ３－ｘＰｂＴｉＯ３（ｘ＝０．３０－０．４０）陶瓷,对其相结构和介电性能进行了研究。ＸＲＤ分析表明,准同型相界在ＰＴ含量ｘ＝０．３４－０．３８范围内。介电性能研究结果表明,组成在准同型相界处的试样,其介电常数呈现最大值,同时还发现,准同型相界处的陶瓷出现介电双峰,其中一个为驰豫型铁电相向顺电相转变的相变峰;另一个介电峰处于１３０－１５０℃的高     

Pb（Mg_（1／2）W_（1／2））O_3－PbTiO_3－PbZrO_3陶

研究了Ｐｂ（Ｍｇ＿（１／２）Ｗ＿（１／２））Ｏ＿３－ＰｂＴｉＯ＿３－ＰｂＺｒＯ＿３陶瓷的化学不均匀性和介电行为。ＥＤＳ分析得到：体系中存在富Ｗ和富Ｚｒ、Ｔｉ的两相，平均分子式为：Ⅰ相（富Ｗ相）：Ｐｂ（Ｍｇ＿（０．２７０）Ｗ＿（０．３６７）Ｔｉ＿（０．１７８）Ｚｒ＿（０．１８２））Ｏ＿（３．０９１）；Ⅱ相（富Ｚｒ、Ｔｉ相）：Ｐｂ（Ｍｇ＿（０．１０９）Ｗ＿（０．１８７）Ｔｉ＿（０．２０４）Ｚｒ＿（０．３４０）Ｏ＿（２．７５８）。两相居里点分别为：Ｔ＿（ｃＩ）＜－６５℃，Ｔ＿（ｃＩ）＝１０５℃，图像处理得到两相的面积比为：Ｓ＿Ⅰ＝６８．６４％，Ｓ＿Ⅱ＝３１．３６％。按３－３模型复合，得到两相体积比为：７６％、２４％。复合相的介电性能符合Ｘ７Ｒ要求，｜ＴＣＣ｜≤１２％，且介－温曲线与原材料有相同的规律。     

Pb（Ni_（1／3）Nb_（2／3））O_3－PbZrO_3－PbTiO_3三

对Ｐｂ（Ｎｉ１／３Ｎｂ２／３Ｏ３－ＰｂＺｒＯ３－ＰｂＴｉＯ３，即ｘＰｂ（Ｎｉ１／３Ｎｂ２／３）Ｏ３－（１－ｘ）Ｐｂ（ＺｒδＴｉ１－δ）Ｏ３（０．２≤ｘ≤０．６，０．２≤δ≤０．５）三元系固溶体的压电性能进行了研究，结果表明材料压电活性较高的配方位于准同型相界（ＭＰＢ）附近，压电常数ｄ３１值可达２６０×１０－１２Ｃ／Ｎ．讨论了结构相变对压电性能的影响．     

B位掺杂对（Pb,Ca）（Fe1／2Nb1／2）O3陶瓷微波介电性能的影响

研究了Ｂ位分别掺杂Ｓｎ＾４＋、Ｚｒ＾４＋、Ｃｅ＾４＋对（Ｐｂ０．４５Ｃａ０．２５）（Ｆｅ１／２Ｎｂ１／２）Ｏ３（ＰＣＦＮ）陶瓷的烧结行为、微观结构及微波介电性能的影响。实验结果表明,掺杂样品能在相对较低的温度下烧结（１２００℃／２ｈ）,Ｂ位大半径离子的掺入使介电常数降低,适量的Ｂ位掺杂能不同程度的改进ＰＣＦＮ陶瓷的综合微波介电性能。用这种材料做成的带通滤波器在中心频率为９２８．４ＭＨｚ下,插入损耗为２．４６９ｄＢ,满足插入损耗应小于３ｄＢ的要求,在移动通信中有着实际应用前景。     

PZN—PT—PZT陶瓷的压电—铁电性能研究

将位于同型相界附近的固溶体系９．９１ＰＺＮ－０．０９ＰＴ作为一个组元,与同样位于准同上界的另一个组元Ｐｂ（Ｚｒ０．５３Ｔｉ０．４７）复合形成新的压电陶瓷体系（１－ｘ）（０．９１ＰＺＮ－０．０９ＰＴ）－ｘＰｂ（Ｚｒ０．５３Ｔｉ０．４７）Ｏ３,实验结果表明新体第具有更好的压电,介电性能,对样品退火处理后,发现压电,介电性能有较大提高,Ｋｐ最高达到７３％,ｄ３３最高达到５７０ｐｃ／Ｎ。     

铌锌酸铅基陶瓷的铁电行为研究

采用具有改进ＳａｗｙｅｒＴｏｗｅｒ电路的全自动铁电体电滞回线测试系统，对（０．９ｘ）Ｐｂ（Ｚｎ１／２Ｎｂ２／３Ｏ３０．１ＢａＴｉＯ３ｘＰｂＴｉＯ３［（ｘ＝０．０５，０．１０，０．１５，简称ＰＺＮＢＴＰＴ（０．１／ｘ）］系列铁电陶瓷样品在０℃～１９０℃温度范围内强场下的极化强度进行了详细测试，并与其弱场介电行为对比，探讨了铁电宏畴微畴不同的强场极化特性，发现ＰＺＮＢＴＰＴ（１０／１５）铁电陶瓷样品的极化强度在自发正常铁电体弛豫型铁电体转变温度Ｔｎｒ下有一个增大过程。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.