固相反应法制备MgAl2O4纳米粉体及其烧结行为研究

在800℃下煅烧Al(OH)3和MgSO4混合粉末,冷却后经过水洗得到了结晶良好的MgAl2O4纳米粉体.采用DSC/TG、XRD、TEM和SEM等分析手段研究了混合粉末中Mg/Al原子比对颗粒尺寸及团聚状况的影响,以及MgAl2O4纳米粉体的烧结性能.所制备的MgAl2O4纳米粉体平均颗粒尺寸为12 nm,尺寸分布窄,团聚少.MgAl2O4的生成归因于γ-Al2O3和MgSO4的固相反应.MgAl2O4纳米粉体显示了良好的烧结活性,在1450℃烧结1 h即能获得相对密度为95%的MgAl2O4陶瓷.     

TiN纳米粉体低温气-固相反应合成金红石相TiO_2

研究了浸渍预处理前后TiN纳米粉体的气-固相反应,分析了浸渍液对TiN纳米粉体择优生成金红石相TiO2的作用。结果表明,在氧化温度为350~550℃时,TiN纳米粉体直接氧化生成以锐钛矿相为主的TiO2,而经过盐酸-正丁醇混合液浸渍预处理后,在380℃空气中,TiN纳米粉体氧化生成以金红石相为主的TiO2,XRD和TEM分析表明可以得到粒径16 nm的棒状金红石相TiO2纳米粉体。盐酸是TiN纳米粉体低温择优氧化生成金红石相TiO2的根本原因,而正丁醇主要起抑制产物纳米TiO2的团聚作用。     

微波低温快速合成BST纳米粉体

以BaCl2、TICl4为原料，以NaOH为沉淀剂，利用微波加热技术在低温下快速制备出了Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3纳米粉体．应用XRD、TEM、XRF等对粉体的结构、形貌进行了分析．研究表明，在80℃左右，5～10min内即制备出颗粒大小分布均匀、粒径在50nm的高纯BST纳米粉体，该方法合成粉体属于立方相钙钛矿晶体结构，粒子形状近似为球形．粉体的杂质含量小于电子工业行业标准；粉体经过干压成型后在1180℃烧结，所得钛酸钡陶瓷的相对密度达到96．3％．     

溶胶-凝胶-冷冻法制备纳米TiO2及其表征

为解决纳米TiO2粉体易产生团聚的问题,采用溶胶-凝胶与冷冻干燥法制备纳米TiO2粉体.通过X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜和紫外分光光度计对纳米TiO2粉体的物相组成、形貌和光催化活性进行了表征.实验结果表明:在400℃下所制得的TiO2纳米粉体的粒径约为6 nm,且粒度分布均匀,呈球形;所制得的TiO2纳米粉体在投加量为2 g/L时可使质量浓度为20 mg/L的甲基橙溶液在2.5 h内几乎全部降解.溶胶-凝胶与冷冻干燥法再结合阶段升温焙烧法可得到分散性好、粒径小和光催化活性好的粉体.     

固相配位化学反应法合成ZnO纳米粉体

采用固相配位化学反应法制备ＺｎＯ的纳米粉体，并通过差热分析，热失重和红外光谱分析ＺｎＯ纳米粉体的合成过程。用Ｘ射线衍射和透射电子显微镜表征ＺｎＯ纳米粉体的全，形貌及大小。研究结果表明：４００℃，热分解２ｈ，可得到平均晶粒尺寸约为１０ｎｍ的ＺｎＯ纳米粉体，其相结合为闪锌矿结构。同时发现随着热分解温度的增加，晶粒尺寸缓慢长大。粉体粒子的团聚一肌为软团聚，很容易在超声波作用下分散开。     

铝单醇盐Sol-Gel法合成镁铝尖晶石纳米粉及烧结行为的研究

以四氢呋喃作稳定剂，通过异丙醇铝在硝酸镁溶液中水解的Sol-Gel过程合成了MgAl2O4尖晶石纳米粉体，采用DTA、XRD及TEM等分析手段研究了其前驱体的晶化过程和不同煅烧温度对尖晶石粉体晶粒尺寸及烧结性能的影响。结果表明，该方法能明显降低MgAl204的合成温度，在900℃已能得到单一尖晶石相纳米粉体，一次粒子平均粒径约为20nm．并且，900℃煅烧的粉体烧结活性最高，在1600℃烧结即能获得相对密度为99％的致密尖晶石陶瓷。     

微通道反应-共沉淀法制备YAG纳米粉体

以碳酸氢铵为沉淀剂,采用微通道反应与共沉淀法相结合的方法制备出了钇铝石榴石纳米粉体。实验考查了溶液浓度、pH值、Nd3+掺杂等因素对合成纯相YAG纳米粉体的影响。结果表明增大沉淀剂浓度不利于纯相YAG粉体的制备,当沉淀剂浓度为0.4mol/L,Al 3+浓度范围为0.1～0.4mol/L的条件下均得到纯相YAG纳米粉体;采用优化的实验条件,体系pH值维持在8左右,以2%(原子分数)的Nd3+取代YAG中的Y3+,900℃保温4h得到纯相Nd∶YAG粉体,粉体平均粒径在40nm左右,分布均匀,呈近球形。     

液相法制备纳米粉体时防团聚方法概述

液相法制备纳米粉体时，最重要的问题之一是防止颗粒的团聚。分析了团聚体的成因，并介绍了制备无团聚纳米粉体的几种有效方法。     

水热法制备BaO-Nd_2O_3-TiO_2系纳米粉体

采用水热法制备了BaO-Nd2O3-TiO2(BNT)系纳米粉体。在KOH碱性溶液中,以TiCl4,BaCl2和Nd(NO3)3为反应物,先制备出BaO-Nd2O3-TiO2(BNT)凝胶前驱体,再经低温水热处理,得到BNT系纳米粉体。产物通过XRD、IR、TEM等手段进行测试分析,结果表明:该法获得的BNT系纳米粉体为立方相结构,稀土元素掺杂均匀,产物粒径小,分散度高。讨论了BNT系纳米粉体的形成机理,发现凝胶前驱体的存在有利于BNT系纳米粉体的成功制备。     

柠檬酸-凝胶燃烧法制备钇铝石榴石(Y_3Al_5O_(12))纳米粉体的研究

透明YAG多晶陶瓷具有优良的光学、力学与化学性能,逐渐成为新一代固体激光基质材料。分散均匀、团聚轻的纳米粉体有利于制备出高度透明的激光陶瓷。以Y2O3、Al(NO3)3·9H2O和柠檬酸为原料,采用柠檬酸凝胶燃烧法制备出黑色粉体,经1100℃烧结出尺寸小于50nm的YAG粉体。采用TG-DTA、XRD、FT-IR和TEM测试手段对YAG纳米粉体进行表征,采用谢莱公式计算出不同烧结温度下的晶粒尺寸。研究结果表明:YAG的析晶温度范围为850～900℃,烧结过程中出现赝YAG相物质,1050℃转变成纯YAG相,随着热处理温度的升高,晶粒呈线性增长,纳米粉体的TEM尺寸和采用谢莱公式计算的结果相一致。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.